shell腳本三劍客之sed命令

sed:

模版：

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

sed選項以下：

n 不打印；sed不寫編輯行到標準輸出，缺省爲打印全部行（編輯和未編輯） 。p命令能夠用來打印編輯行。（重點）

c 下一命令是編輯命令。使用多項編輯時加入此選項。若是隻用到一條 sed命令，此選項無用，但指定它也沒有關係。

f 若是正在調用s e d腳本文件，使用此選項。此選項通知 sed一個腳本文件支持全部的 sed命令，例如：sed -f myscript.sed input_file，

這裏myscript.sed即爲支持sed命令的文件。

使用sed在文件中定位文本的方式：

x:x爲一行號，如1。

x,y:表示行號範圍從x到y，如2，5表示從第2行到第5行。

/pattern/:查詢包含模式的行。例如/disk/或/[a-z]/。

/patern/:pattern/查詢包含兩個模式的行。例如/disk/disks/。

pattern/,x:在給定行號上查詢包含模式的行。如 /ribbon/,3。

x,/pattern/:經過行號和模式查詢匹配行。3./vdu/。

x,y!:查詢不包含指定行號x和y的行。1,2 !。

sed編輯命令：

p 打印匹配行

= 顯示文件行號

a \ 在定位行號後附加新文本信息

i \ 在定位行號後插入新文本信息

d 刪除定位行

c \ 用新文本替換定位文本

s 使用替換模式替換相應模式

r 從另外一個文件中讀文本

w 寫文本到一個文件

q 第一個模式匹配完成後推出或當即推出

l 顯示與八進制A S C I I代碼等價的控制字符

{ } 在定位行執行的命令組

n 從另外一個文件中讀文本下一行，並附加在下一行

g 將模式2粘貼到/pattern n/

y 傳送字符

n 延續到下一輸入行；容許跨行的模式匹配語句

顯示指定行：

例：[root@localhost sed]# sed '2p' data.f 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

例：[root@localhost sed]# sed -n '2p' data.f 

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

釋：若是不加-n，sed就不能定義文件行數。因此打印了所有信息。

顯示範圍行：

例：[root@localhost sed]# sed -n '1,3p' data.f 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

釋：顯示1到3行數據。

顯示行號：

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed '/floor/=' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

3

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed -n '/floor/=' test 

3

釋：不加-n選項則顯示所有和相應行號

替換：

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed 's/\$//g' test       

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly 90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed 's/in/ABCD/w 123.txt' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evenABCDg of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was ABCD attendance.

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# cat 123.txt 

It was an evenABCDg of splendid music and company.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was ABCD attendance.

釋：只是將替換的結果存到文件中，不會將所有都放進去。

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed -n 's/fell/"abcd" &/p' test 

Too bad the disco floor "abcd" fell through at 23:10.

[root@CMN-XN-4-3g1 yingyou]# sed -n 's/fell/abcd &/p' test 

Too bad the disco floor abcd fell through at 23:10.

釋：匹配模式前插入你要加入的字符。

寫入：

root@localhost sed]# sed '/bad/ w 456.txt' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

[root@localhost sed]# cat 456.txt 

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

[root@localhost etc]# sed -n '14,24 w named.conf' rndc.conf 

[root@localhost etc]# cat named.conf 

# Use with the following in named.conf, adjusting the allow list as needed:

# key "rndckey" {

# algorithm hmac-md5;

# secret "Dqx3HzhRkD9X2cyL6pnLvQ==";

# };

# 

# controls {

# inet 127.0.0.1 port 953

# allow { 127.0.0.1; } keys { "rndckey"; };

# };

# End of named.conf

釋：能夠打印行號內容,注意這樣作會覆蓋原有數據。

[root@localhost sed]# sed '1,3 w 456.txt' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

[root@localhost sed]# cat 456.txt 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

釋：能夠匹配正則內容

[root@localhost sed]# sed '/23:10./r 123.txt' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

abcdefg

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

釋：用r選項正則匹配行下加入123.txt文件的內容

模式匹配首次出現後退出sed

[root@localhost sed]# sed '/\./q' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

[root@localhost sed]# sed '/.a.*/q' test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

釋：假設要在test文檔中查找「.「或「.a.*」可是要在首次匹配到就須要退出則使用q參數。

綜合聯繫

[root@localhost sed]# cat test 

The honeysuckle band played all night long for noly $90.

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

---------------------------------------------

fasdfds

fsdfs

-----------------------------------------------

safsdfdsfsdf

sfsdfsd

[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/-*//g' test |sed '/^$/d' |sed '$d' |sed '1d'

It was an evening of splendid music and company.

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10.

The local nurse Miss P.Neaue was in attendance.

fasdfds

fsdfs

safsdfdsfsdf

釋：第一命令是刪掉虛線，第二命令是刪掉空行，第三命令是刪除最後一行，第四個命令是刪除第一行

去除行首：

[root@localhost sed]# cat 123.txt 

121 UDP_TCP

121 UDP_TCP

223 UDP_TCP

2 UDP_TCP

4324 UDP_TCP

32 UDP_TCP

543 UDP_TCP

534 UDP_TCP

654 UDP_TCP

654 UDP_TCP

[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/^[0-9]*//g' 123.txt 

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

 UDP_TCP

添加行尾：

[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/[0-9]*/& UDP/w 678.txt' 456.txt

121 UDP

121 UDP

223 UDP

2 UDP

4324 UDP

32 UDP

543 UDP

534 UDP

654 UDP

654 UDP

[root@localhost sed]# cat 678.txt

121 UDP

121 UDP

223 UDP

2 UDP

4324 UDP

32 UDP

543 UDP

534 UDP

654 UDP

654 UDP

從shell向sed傳值：

[root@localhost sed]# echo $name |sed "s/the/$ABCD/g"

Too bad ABCD disco floor fell through at 23:10\.

[root@localhost sed]# echo $name

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10\.

[root@localhost sed]# echo $ABCD

ABCD

釋：注意sed符號要用雙引號。

從sed輸出中設置shell變量：

[root@localhost sed]# echo $name

Too bad the disco floor fell through at 23:10\.

[root@localhost sed]# echo $ABCD

ABCD

[root@localhost sed]# NEW_NAME=`echo $name |sed "s/the/$ABCD/g"`

[root@localhost sed]# echo $NEW_NAME

Too bad ABCD disco floor fell through at 23:10\.

‘s/\.$/ /g’ 刪除以句點結尾行

‘-e/abcd/d’ 刪除包含abcd的行

‘s/[ ][ ][ ]*/[ ]/g’ 刪除一個以上空格，用一個空格代替

‘s/^[ ][ ] * / / g’ 刪除行首空格

‘s/\.[ ][ ]*/[ ]/g’ 刪除句點後跟兩個或更多空格，代之以一個空格

‘/^$/d’ 刪除空行

‘s/^./ /g’ 刪除第一個字符

‘s/COL\( ...\)/ /g’ 刪除緊跟C O L的後三個字母

‘s/^ \/ / /g’ 從路徑中刪除第一個\

‘s/[ ]/[ ]/ /g’ 刪除全部空格並用t a b鍵替代

‘S/^[ ] / /g’ 刪除行首全部t a b鍵

‘s/[ ] * / /g’ 刪除全部t a b鍵