Unix/Linux下安裝NPM

就像NPM的官網（http://npmjs.org/）上介紹的那樣，安裝NPM僅僅是一行命令的事情：

curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh

這裏詳解一下這句命令的意思，curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh是經過curl命令獲取這個安裝shell腳本，按後經過管道符| 將獲取的腳本交由sh命令來執行。這裏若是沒有權限會安裝不成功，須要加上sudo來確保權限：

curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sudo sh

安裝成功後執行npm命令，會獲得一下的提示：

Usage: npm <command>
where <command> is one of:
adduser, apihelp, author, bin, bugs, c, cache, completion,
config, deprecate, docs, edit, explore, faq, find, get,
help, help-search, home, i, info, init, install, la, link,
list, ll, ln, ls, outdated, owner, pack, prefix, prune,
publish, r, rb, rebuild, remove, restart, rm, root,
run-script, s, se, search, set, show, star, start, stop,
submodule, tag, test, un, uninstall, unlink, unpublish,
unstar, up, update, version, view, whoami

咱們以underscore爲例，來展現下經過npm安裝第三方包的過程。

npm install underscore

返回：

underscore@1.2.2 ./node_modules/underscore

因爲一些特殊的網絡環境，直接經過npm install命令安裝第三方庫的時候，常常會出現卡死的狀態。幸運的是國內CNode社區的@fire9同窗利用空餘時間搭建了一個鏡像的NPM資源庫，服務器架設在日本，能夠繞過某些沒必要要的網絡問題。你能夠經過如下這條命令來安裝第三方庫：

npm --registry "http://npm.hacknodejs.com/" install underscore

若是你想將它設爲默認的資源庫，運行下面這條命令便可：

npm config set registry 「http://npm.hacknodejs.com/」

設置以後每次安裝時就能夠不用帶上—registry參數。值得一提的是還有另外一個鏡像可用，該鏡像地址是http://registry.npmjs.vitecho.com，如需使用，替換上面兩行命令的地址便可。

實際實踐結果以下：

輸入安裝NPM的命令以後 有點慢。。哈

tar=/bin/tar
version:
tar (GNU tar) 1.15.1
fetching: http://registry.npmjs.org/npm/-/npm-1.0.106.tgz
0.6.3
1.0.106
cleanup prefix=/usr/local

All clean!
/usr/local/bin/npm -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
/usr/local/bin/npm-g -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
/usr/local/bin/npm_g -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
npm@1.0.106 /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm
It worked

安裝完成
輸入 NPM 測試 結果以下

[root@YX-MID node-v0.6.3]# npm

Usage: npm <command>

where <command> is one of:
    adduser, apihelp, author, bin, bugs, c, cache, completion,
    config, deprecate, docs, edit, explore, faq, find, get,
    help, help-search, home, i, info, init, install, la, link,
    list, ll, ln, ls, outdated, owner, pack, prefix, prune,
    publish, r, rb, rebuild, remove, restart, rm, root,
    run-script, s, se, search, set, show, star, start, stop,
    submodule, tag, test, un, uninstall, unlink, unpublish,
    unstar, up, update, version, view, whoami

npm <cmd> -h     quick help on <cmd>
npm -l           display full usage info
npm faq          commonly asked questions
npm help <term>  search for help on <term>
npm help npm     involved overview

Specify configs in the ini-formatted file:
    /root/.npmrc
or on the command line via: npm <command> --key value
Config info can be viewed via: npm help config