7.Nginx_Keepalived高可用配置

2. 利用keepalived實現高可靠配置(HA  

2.1. 高可靠概念

  HA(High Available):高可用性集羣,是保證業務連續性的有效解決方案,通常有兩個或兩個以上的節點,且分爲活動節點及備用節點。nginx

 

2.2. 高可靠軟件keepalived

  keepalive是一款能夠實現高可靠的軟件,一般部署在2臺服務器上,分爲一主一備。Keepalived能夠對本機上的進程進行檢測,一旦Master檢測出某個進程出tomcat

現問題,將本身切換成Backup狀態,而後通知另一個節點切換成Master狀態。bash

2.3. keepalived安裝

  下載keepalived官網:http://keepalived.org服務器

   將keepalived解壓到/usr/local/src目錄下:tar -zxvf  keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src負載均衡

   進入到/usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.19目錄:cd /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.19spa

   開始configure(檢查安裝環境,並指定未來要安裝的路徑):./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived    3d

   #編譯並安裝:make && make install代理

2.4. 將keepalived添加到系統服務中  

  拷貝執行文件cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/日誌

  將init.d文件拷貝到etc下,加入開機啓動項:cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived code

  將keepalived文件拷貝到etc下:cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ 

  建立keepalived文件夾:mkdir -p /etc/keepalived

  將keepalived配置文件拷貝到etc下:cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 

  添加可執行權限:chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived  

  添加keepalived到開機啓動:chkconfig --add keepalived        chkconfig keepalived on

2.4. 配置keepalived虛擬IP

1.基本服務器宕機的主從切換配置

  

  

機器IP

安裝軟件

角色

虛擬ip

描述

192.168.232.201

Nginx、keepalived

Nginx主機

192.168.232.203

反向代理到tomcat1和tomcat2

192.168.232.205

Nginx、keepalived

Nginx備機

主機掛了切換虛擬ip 192.168.232.203

反向代理到tomcat1和tomcat2

192.168.232.200

Tomcat

Tomcat1

 

192.168.232.204

Tomcat

Tomcat2

 

  兩臺nginx服務器,分別安裝keepalived,配置/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

主從配置:

  主nginx修改配置文件: /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

  #MASTER節點

#全局配置
global_defs {
   notification_email {   #指定keepalived在發生切換時須要發送email到的對象,一行一個
     XXX@XXX.com
   }
  notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc   #指定發件人
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1  #指定smtp服務器地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30    #指定smtp鏈接超時時間
   router_id LVS_DEVEL  #運行keepalived機器的一個標識
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER     #指定A節點爲主節點 備分機上設置爲BACKUP便可 interface eth0   #設置實例綁定的網卡 virtual_router_id 51 #VRRP組名,兩個節點的設置必須同樣,以指明各個節點屬於同一VRRP組(同一實例下virtual_router_id必須相同) priority 100     #主節點的優先級(1-254之間),備用節點必須比主節點優先級低 advert_int 1      #MASTERBACKUP負載均衡器之間同步檢查的時間間隔,單位是秒 authentication { #設置驗證信息,兩個節點必須一致 auth_type PASS  #主從服務器驗證方式 auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { #指定虛擬IP, 兩個節點設置必須同樣 192.168.232.203/24 #若是兩個nginx的ip分別是192.168.232.201,,...205,則此處的虛擬ip跟它倆同一個網段便可,24子網掩碼(255.255.255.0),能夠多個虛擬IP,換行便可 } }

備nginx

修改備nginx下/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf文件

配置備nginx時須要注意:須要修改state爲BACKUP , priority比MASTER低,virtual_router_id和master的值一致

#BACKUP節點

global_defs {
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.232.203/24 } }

#分別啓動兩臺機器上的keepalived:tail  /var/log/message 查看日誌。

service keepalived start 

用ip addr查看主從:

主機:

備機:

此時若是主機宕機則(service keepalived stop)備機會頂替主機得到虛擬ip

首先將主機的keepalived關閉:

再次查看主機:ip addr

備機:

至此,基本服務器宕機的主從切換配置完畢

訪問虛擬ip是否是還能輪詢訪問tomcat

 

2.基於nginx進程死掉主從切換配置 

  keepalived是經過檢測keepalived進程是否存在判斷服務器是否宕機,若是keepalived進程在可是nginx進程不在了那麼keepalived是不會作主備切換,因此咱們須要寫

個腳原本監控nginx進程是否存在,若是nginx不存在就將keepalived進程殺掉。

  在主nginx上須要編寫nginx進程檢測腳本(check_nginx.sh),判斷nginx進程是否存在,若是nginx不存在就將keepalived進程殺掉,check_nginx.sh內容以下:

#!/bin/bash
# 若是進程中沒有nginx則將keepalived進程kill掉
A=`ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` ## 查看是否有 nginx進程 把值賦給變量A if [ $A -eq 0 ];then ## 若是沒有進程值得爲 零 service keepalived stop ## 則結束 keepalived 進程 fi

  將check_nginx.sh拷貝至/etc/keepalived下,

  注意修改/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh的可執行權限

  修改主nginx的keepalived.conf,添加腳本定義檢測:

  注意下邊紅色標識地方:

#全局配置
global_defs {
   notification_email {  #指定keepalived在發生切換時須要發送email到的對象,一行一個
     XXX@XXX.com
   }
   notification_email_from miaoruntu@itcast.cn  #指定發件人
   #smtp_server XXX.smtp.com                             #指定smtp服務器地址
   #smtp_connect_timeout 30 #指定smtp鏈接超時時間 router_id LVS_DEVEL #運行keepalived機器的一個標識 } vrrp_script check_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh" ##監控腳本 interval 2 ##時間間隔,2秒 weight 2 ##權重 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER #標示狀態爲MASTER 備份機爲BACKUP interface eth0 #設置實例綁定的網卡 virtual_router_id 51 #同一實例下virtual_router_id必須相同 priority 100 #MASTER權重要高於BACKUP 好比BACKUP爲99 advert_int 1 #MASTER與BACKUP負載均衡器之間同步檢查的時間間隔,單位是秒 authentication { #設置認證 auth_type PASS #主從服務器驗證方式 auth_pass 8888 } track_script { check_nginx #監控腳本 } virtual_ipaddress { #設置vip 192.168.101.100 #能夠多個虛擬IP,換行便可 } }

修改後重啓keepalived

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