http://www.admin10000.com/document/6436.html
一、SpringMVC基礎入門,創建一個HelloWorld程序
1.首先,導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關於SpringMVC的配置
- <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
- </servlet>
-
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
-
- <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
-
- <!-- don't handle the static resource -->
- <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
-
- <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
- <mvc:annotation-driven />
-
- <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
- id="internalResourceViewResolver">
- <!-- 前綴 -->
- <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
- <!-- 後綴 -->
- <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
- </bean>
- </beans>
4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創建名爲jsp的文件夾,用來存放jsp視圖。創建一個hello.jsp,在body中添加「Hello World」。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
6.編寫Controller代碼
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/mvc")
- public class mvcController {
-
- @RequestMapping("/hello")
- public String hello(){
- return "hello";
- }
- }
7.啓動服務器,鍵入 http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求,Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義,把攔截下來的請求,依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
視圖名稱解析器
3.以上出現的註解
@Controller 負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 註解爲控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
三、SpringMVC常用註解
@Controller
負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
註解爲控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@RequestBody
該註解用於讀取Request請求的body部分數據,使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析,然後把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上
@ResponseBody
該註解用於將Controller的方法返回的對象,通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換爲指定格式後,寫入到Response對象的body數據區
@ModelAttribute
在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 註解:Spring MVC 在調用目標處理方法前,會先逐個調用在方法級上標註了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 註解:可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數據中獲取對象,再將請求參數 –綁定到對象中,再傳入入參將方法入參對象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法
@PathVariable
綁定 URL 佔位符到入參
@ExceptionHandler
註解到方法上,出現異常時會執行該方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一個Contoller成爲全局的異常處理類,類中用@ExceptionHandler方法註解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常
四、自動匹配參數
- //match automatically
- @RequestMapping("/person")
- public String toPerson(String name,double age){
- System.out.println(name+" "+age);
- return "hello";
- }
五、自動裝箱
1.編寫一個Person實體類
- package test.SpringMVC.model;
-
- public class Person {
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- private String name;
- private int age;
-
- }
2.在Controller裏編寫方法
- //boxing automatically
- @RequestMapping("/person1")
- public String toPerson(Person p){
- System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
- return "hello";
- }
六、使用InitBinder來處理Date類型的參數
- //the parameter was converted in initBinder
- @RequestMapping("/date")
- public String date(Date date){
- System.out.println(date);
- return "hello";
- }
-
- //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
- @InitBinder
- public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
- binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
- true));
- }
七、向前臺傳遞參數
- //pass the parameters to front-end
- @RequestMapping("/show")
- public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
- Person p =new Person();
- map.put("p", p);
- p.setAge(20);
- p.setName("jayjay");
- return "show";
- }
前臺可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax調用
- //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
- @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
- public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
- pw.write("hello,"+name);
- }
- @RequestMapping("/name")
- public String sayHello(){
- return "name";
- }
前臺用下面的Jquery代碼調用
- $(function(){
- $("#btn").click(function(){
- $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
- alert(data);
- });
- });
- });
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求
- //redirect
- @RequestMapping("/redirect")
- public String redirect(){
- return "redirect:hello";
- }
十、文件上傳
1.需要導入兩個jar包
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
- <!-- upload settings -->
- <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
- <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
- </bean>
3.方法代碼
- @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
- MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
- MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
- String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
- SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
- FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
- "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
- fos.write(file.getBytes());
- fos.flush();
- fos.close();
-
- return "hello";
- }
4.前臺form表單
- <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
- <input type="file" name="file"><br>
- <input type="submit" value="submit">
- </form>
十一、使用@RequestParam註解指定參數的name
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/test")
- public class mvcController1 {
- @RequestMapping(value="/param")
- public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
- @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
- System.out.println(id+" "+name);
- return "/hello";
- }
- }
十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC
1.RestController
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/rest")
- public class RestController {
- @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
- public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
- System.out.println("get"+id);
- return "/hello";
- }
-
- @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
- System.out.println("post"+id);
- return "/hello";
- }
-
- @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
- public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
- System.out.println("put"+id);
- return "/hello";
- }
-
- @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
- public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
- System.out.println("delete"+id);
- return "/hello";
- }
-
- }
2.form表單發送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置
- <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
- <filter>
- <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
在前臺可以用以下代碼產生請求
- <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
- <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
- <input type="submit" value="put">
- </form>
-
- <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
- <input type="submit" value="post">
- </form>
-
- <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
- <input type="submit" value="get">
- </form>
-
- <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
- <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
- <input type="submit" value="delete">
- </form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.導入以下jar包
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
2.方法代碼
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/json")
- public class jsonController {
-
- @ResponseBody
- @RequestMapping("/user")
- public User get(){
- User u = new User();
- u.setId(1);
- u.setName("jayjay");
- u.setBirth(new Date());
- return u;
- }
- }
十四、異常的處理
1.處理局部異常(Controller內)
- @ExceptionHandler
- public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
- ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
- mv.addObject("exception", ex);
- System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
- return mv;
- }
-
- @RequestMapping("/error")
- public String error(){
- int i = 5/0;
- return "hello";
- }
2.處理全局異常(所有Controller)
- @ControllerAdvice
- public class testControllerAdvice {
- @ExceptionHandler
- public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
- ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
- mv.addObject("exception", ex);
- System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
- return mv;
- }
- }
3.另一種處理全局異常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
- <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
- <property name="exceptionMappings">
- <props>
- <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
- </props>
- </property>
- </bean>
error是出錯頁面
十五、設置一個自定義攔截器
1.創建一個MyInterceptor類,並實現HandlerInterceptor接口
- public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
-
- @Override
- public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
- HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
- throws Exception {
- System.out.println("afterCompletion");
- }
-
- @Override
- public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
- Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("postHandle");
- }
-
- @Override
- public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
- Object arg2) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("preHandle");
- return true;
- }
-
- }
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
- <!-- interceptor setting -->
- <mvc:interceptors>
- <mvc:interceptor>
- <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
- <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
- </mvc:interceptor>
- </mvc:interceptors>
3.攔截器執行順序
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
十六、表單的驗證(使用Hibernate-validate)及國際化
1.導入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
(未選中不用導入)
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
2.編寫實體類User並加上驗證註解
- public class User {
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public Date getBirth() {
- return birth;
- }
- public void setBirth(Date birth) {
- this.birth = birth;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
- }
- private int id;
- @NotEmpty
- private String name;
-
- @Past
- @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
- private Date birth;
- }
ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單
- <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
- id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
- name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
- birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
- <input type="submit" value="submit">
- </form:form>
ps:path對應name
4.Controller中代碼
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/form")
- public class formController {
- @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
- public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
- if(br.getErrorCount()>0){
- return "addUser";
- }
- return "showUser";
- }
-
- @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
- public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
- map.put("user",new User());
- return "addUser";
- }
- }
ps:
1.因爲jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性,所以必須在request域中有一個"user".
[email protected] 表示按照在實體上標記的註解驗證參數
3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯,表單也會回顯
5.錯誤信息自定義
在src目錄下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
- <!-- configure the locale resource -->
- <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
- <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
- </bean>
6.國際化顯示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=賬號
password=密碼
locale.properties中添加
username=user name
password=password
創建一個locale.jsp
- <body>
- <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
- <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
- </body>
在SpringMVC中配置
- <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
- <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>
讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問
最後,訪問locale.jsp,切換瀏覽器語言,能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了
十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.創建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合,並創建各類
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
2.User實體類
- public class User {
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public Date getBirth() {
- return birth;
- }
- public void setBirth(Date birth) {
- this.birth = birth;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
- }
- private int id;
- @NotEmpty
- private String name;
-
- @Past
- @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
- private Date birth;
- }
3.UserService類
- @Component
- public class UserService {
- public UserService(){
- System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
- }
-
- public void save(){
- System.out.println("save");
- }
- }
4.UserController
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/integrate")
- public class UserController {
- @Autowired
- private UserService userService;
-
- @RequestMapping("/user")
- public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
- System.out.println(u);
- userService.save();
- return "hello";
- }
- }
5.Spring配置文件
在src目錄下創建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
- "
- xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
- xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- >
- <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
- <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
- expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
- <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
- expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
- </context:component-scan>
-
- </beans>
在Web.xml中添加配置
- <!-- configure the springIOC -->
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合
- <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
- <context:include-filter type="annotation"
- expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
- <context:include-filter type="annotation"
- expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
- </context:component-scan>
十八、SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
十九、SpringMVC與struts2的區別
1、springmvc基於方法開發的,struts2基於類開發的。springmvc將url和controller裏的方法映射。映射成功後springmvc生成一個Handler對象,對象中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束,形參數據銷燬。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。
2、springmvc可以進行單例開發,並且建議使用單例開發,struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數,無法使用單例,只能使用多例。
3、經過實際測試,struts2速度慢,在於使用struts標籤,如果使用struts建議使用jstl。
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