AB Test 壓力測試工具使用整理

Apache Bench，是 Apache 自帶的壓力測試工具。a能夠對服務器進行訪問壓力測試。
系統安裝 Apache Server，自帶 ab 命令。

1. 概念

1. 吞吐率：服務器併發處理能力的量化描述，單位是reqs/s，指的是某個併發用戶數下單位時間內處理的請求數。某個併發用戶數下單位時間內能處理的最大請求數，稱之爲最大吞吐率。
2. 併發鏈接數：某一時刻服務器所接受的請求數（會話數）。
3. 併發用戶數：某一時刻服務器所接受的鏈接數，一個用戶可能同時產生多個鏈接。
4. 用戶平均請求等待時間：總請求數 / 併發用戶數。
5. 服務器平均請求等待時間：處理完成全部請求數所花費的時間 / 總請求數。

2. 命令

➜  ~ ab
ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
    # 本次測試所發的總請求數
    -n requests     Number of requests to perform
    # 
    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time
    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
                    This implies -n 50000
    -s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response
                    Default is 30 seconds
    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
    -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
    -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                    Default is 'text/plain'
    -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
    -w              Print out results in HTML tables
    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                    Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
    -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
    -V              Print version number and exit
    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
    -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
    -l              Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
    -m method       Method name
    -h              Display usage information (this message)
    -I              Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension
    -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
    -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol
                    (TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)

3. 測試示例

3.1 基礎訪問測試

ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://cms.test.com/

測試結果以下

Server Software:
Server Hostname:        cms.kaleidoapp.cn
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        2746 bytes

Concurrency Level:      10
Time taken for tests:   8.352 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      2981000 bytes
HTML transferred:       2746000 bytes
Requests per second:    119.74 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       83.517 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       8.352 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          348.57 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       29   39  11.2     37     173
Processing:    33   43  12.0     42     190
Waiting:       32   43  12.0     41     189
Total:         62   82  17.8     79     226

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     79
  66%     84
  75%     89
  80%     90
  90%     93
  95%     96
  98%    135
  99%    197
 100%    226 (longest request)

結果能夠看出：

1. 吞吐率：119.74
2. 整個測試持續的時間：8.352s
3. 完成的請求數：1000
4. 失敗的請求數：0
5. 總的網絡傳輸量：2981000 bytes
6. HTML內容傳輸量：2746000 bytes
7. 用戶平均請求等待時間：83.517 ms
8. 服務器平均請求處理時間：8.352 ms
9. 平均每秒網絡上的流量：348.57 kb

網絡消耗時間分解

展現最小、平均、方差、中位值、最大值。

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       29   39  11.2     37     173
Processing:    33   43  12.0     42     190
Waiting:       32   43  12.0     41     189
Total:         62   82  17.8     79     226

請求處理時間分佈

能夠看出，95% 的請求用時在 95ms 之內，最長請求時間爲 226ms。

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     79
  66%     84
  75%     89
  80%     90
  90%     93
  95%     96
  98%    135
  99%    197
 100%    226 (longest request)

3.2 接口請求

ab -n 1000 -c 10 -p 'list.json'  -T 'application/json' -H 'Authorization: token' -s 10 http://api.test.com/app/v1/list

說明：

-p 表明的是入參的 json 文件，或是 text 的鍵值對
-T 表明 contentType
-H 表明的是 http header 信息
-s 表明的是超時時間，單位是秒，默認是 30s