容器技術之Docker網絡

時間 2020-05-25

原文原文鏈接

　　上一篇博客咱們主要聊了下docker鏡像相關的說明以及怎樣基於現有鏡像製做鏡像、分發鏡像到docker倉庫中的相關測試；回顧請參考http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-ddztrwdv-hx.html；今天咱們來聊一聊docker的網絡相關說明；html

　　在使用vm虛擬機時，咱們知道一個虛擬機能夠有三種虛擬網絡接口，第一種網絡是橋接網絡，第二種是NAT網絡，第三種是僅主機網絡；這三種虛擬網絡接口後面對應的都是一個個不一樣的虛擬網絡；咱們要想讓虛擬機在那個網絡中工做就把對應接口更換成那個接口便可；相對於docker來說，docker內部也有三種虛擬網絡接口，它們分別是bridge,host,none這三種；bridge是docker容器默認的網絡類型，啓動容器不指定網絡時默認是bridge，該網絡類型是橋接到宿主機的docker0橋上的，而docker0橋上一個NAT橋；host在docker裏不是僅主機網絡類型，它這裏的意思是共享宿主機網絡，即同宿主機共享同一網絡名稱空間；none表示空網絡類型，在docker的網絡中表現形式就是咱們啓動容器指定網絡類型爲none，在容器內部除了lo接口就沒有別的其餘網絡接口，這意味着該容器網絡只能本身和本身通訊，有點相似vm裏的僅主機網絡；其實除了以上三種網絡，docker也支持自定義網絡；自定義網絡就是能夠建立網絡名稱空間，docker支持的網絡類型有bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay；node

　　提示：以上這張圖描述了兩個容器的網絡。默認狀況下啓動docker容器都是bridge網絡，橋接到docker0橋；對於docker容器來說，各個容器之間的網絡上相互隔離的；相互隔離就表示在第一個容器裏監聽某個端口，對於第二個容器是不可見的；對於宿主機來說，兩個容器的網絡都是共享docker0橋的網絡；同時在宿主機上的網絡名稱空間中是能夠看到兩個容器的虛擬接口是鏈接到docker0橋的；因此默認狀況啓動的容器相互之間是能夠基於docker0來通訊；咱們能夠把docker0橋理解成鏈接兩個容器的交換機；linux

　　提示：能夠看到宿主機上跑了兩個容器，他們的虛擬網絡接口都是鏈在docker0橋的；因此這兩個容器是能夠相互通訊的；可是對於宿主機之外的主機，他倆是不可見；宿主機之外的主機上無法和這兩個容器通訊的，緣由是docker是一個nat橋；以下所示nginx

　　提示：以上規則表示源地址爲172.17.0.0/16而且不從docker0橋出去的報文，在經過POSTROUTING鏈時會作地址假裝（SNAT）；從上面的信息咱們就能夠肯定docker0橋就是一個nat橋；web

　　提示：以上圖片展現了docker的三種網絡，closed container這個容器只有一個lo接口，和其餘容器相互隔離，只能本身和本身通訊；bridged container這種橋接式網絡容器，一般都會有兩個接口，一個lo迴環接口，一個鏈接至宿主機上的docker0橋的以太網接口；docker daemon 啓動時默認會建立一個名爲docker0的網絡橋，而且建立的容器爲橋接式容器（就是建立的容器的網絡橋接至docker0上的）用docker運行容器時咱們可使用--net或--network來指定容器的網絡，默認是--net bridage；docker0橋上一個nat橋，所以，橋接式容器能夠經過本身的橋接口訪問到外部網絡，可是防火牆規則組織了一切從外部網絡訪問橋接式容器的請求；對於open container來說其實就是共享宿主機的網絡名稱空間，至關於在網絡這層資源上不和宿主機隔離；joined container 咱們理解爲聯盟式網絡容器；該容器的網絡資源是連接到其餘容器的網絡資源；本質上就是多個容器共享一個網絡空間；docker

　　示例：bridge網絡的容器建立json

[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web1 -d --net bridge linux1874/myimg:v0.1
bced86e3dcb2e8144ade7cfc5b8c0dcfb5ee0af5e9d729904c7eb971d9c1117f
[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web2 -d --net bridge linux1874/myimg:v0.1 
d39dea20d5ea0b52c42c67a8a9a36dcbc2ef78d654dfb9e1d88013306f2f5a50
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
d39dea20d5ea        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   6 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds                            web2
bced86e3dcb2        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   11 seconds ago      Up 11 seconds                           web1
[root@node1 ~]# docker container inspect myweb1 -f {{.NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge.NetworkID}}

Error: No such container: myweb1
[root@node1 ~]# docker container inspect web1 -f {{.NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge.NetworkID}}  
2ae9aa6566561e8f1f5c98f4877b34b29a14ed8dd645933926b0615e9e0b2567
[root@node1 ~]# docker container inspect web2 -f {{.NetworkSettings.Networks.bridge.NetworkID}}   
2ae9aa6566561e8f1f5c98f4877b34b29a14ed8dd645933926b0615e9e0b2567
[root@node1 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
2ae9aa656656        bridge              bridge              local
93347fb33d89        host                host                local
a99b876eee4d        none                null                local
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec  web1 ip a   
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: eth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec  web2 ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: eth0@if13: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec  web2 wget -O - -q 172.17.0.2
this test file
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec  web1 wget -O - -q 172.17.0.3
this test file

　　提示：橋接式網絡的容器間是能夠經過docker0橋來通訊；咱們能夠理解爲同一橋上的網絡爲一個網絡，他們的網絡ID都是相同；上面兩個容器的網絡ID都是bridge的ID；centos

　　示例：none網絡容器的建立bash

[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
d39dea20d5ea        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   8 minutes ago       Up 8 minutes                            web2
bced86e3dcb2        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes                            web1
[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web3 -d --net none linux1874/myimg:v0.1
a0039645d551ef7089d7ff0e588864da48c68a0b301e28728e48d0b520a006ba
[root@node1 ~]# docker container inspect web3 -f {{.NetworkSettings.Networks.none.NetworkID}}  
a99b876eee4d028f6d6410749ac863915711482e6f55aaf38071aabaae53ee2e
[root@node1 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
2ae9aa656656        bridge              bridge              local
93347fb33d89        host                host                local
a99b876eee4d        none                null                local
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec web3 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：能夠看到none網絡的容器網絡ID是none的網絡ID相同，內部也只有一個lo接口;服務器

　　示例：共享式網絡容器的建立

[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a0039645d551        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                            web3
d39dea20d5ea        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                           web2
bced86e3dcb2        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                           web1
[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web4 -d --net host linux1874/myimg:v0.1
f2dc3d0bb6992b6f0f93b3db50d952574c45473911a7133b735ae1b633855962
[root@node1 ~]# docker container inspect web4 -f {{.NetworkSettings.Networks.host.NetworkID}} 
93347fb33d89a5abd7781ab1a01b51ad46dde4b2409b88d3d5f2e4a7bd0aed2e
[root@node1 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
2ae9aa656656        bridge              bridge              local
93347fb33d89        host                host                local
a99b876eee4d        none                null                local
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec ip a
Error: No such container: ip
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec web4 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:06:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.31/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2e:60b/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:63:bb:cd:b4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:63ff:febb:cdb4/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
11: vethffac5a0@if10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 
    link/ether 82:b0:23:49:92:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::80b0:23ff:fe49:92de/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
13: veth9e7a8c4@if12: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 
    link/ether a6:d3:a2:c9:9f:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::a4d3:a2ff:fec9:9f45/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec web4 hostname
node1
[root@node1 ~]# hostname
node1
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：host網絡是共享宿主機的網絡名稱空間，因此咱們在容器內部看到的網絡接口同宿主機上的網絡接口同樣；

　　示例：聯盟式網絡容器建立

[root@node1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
linux1874/myimg     v0.1                e408b1c6e04f        29 hours ago        1.22MB
busybox             latest              78096d0a5478        10 days ago         1.22MB
centos              7                   b5b4d78bc90c        2 weeks ago         203MB
nginx               stable-alpine       ab94f84cc474        4 weeks ago         21.3MB
[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name b1 --net container:web4 -it busybox
/ # [root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
2b7517adb2ad        busybox                "sh"                     13 seconds ago      Up 13 seconds                           b1
f2dc3d0bb699        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   22 minutes ago      Up 22 minutes                           web4
a0039645d551        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   27 minutes ago      Up 27 minutes                           web3
d39dea20d5ea        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   36 minutes ago      Up 36 minutes                           web2
bced86e3dcb2        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   36 minutes ago      Up 36 minutes                           web1
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec b1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:2e:06:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.31/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe2e:60b/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:63:bb:cd:b4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:63ff:febb:cdb4/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
11: vethffac5a0@if10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 
    link/ether 82:b0:23:49:92:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::80b0:23ff:fe49:92de/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
13: veth9e7a8c4@if12: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 
    link/ether a6:d3:a2:c9:9f:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::a4d3:a2ff:fec9:9f45/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

　　提示：運行bubybox容器要注意容器前臺跑什麼程序，若是前臺沒有跑程序，容器一啓動就會處於退出狀態；我上面是先交互式運行/bin/sh，而後在用ctrl+p鬆開，而後再按ctrl+q兩個組合鍵來剝離當前終端，使得b1容器運行起來；從上面的信息來看，咱們把b1容器的網絡加入到web4容器的網絡，b1和web4就都處於同一網絡名稱空間；web4是共享宿主機網絡名稱空間，因此b1的網絡裏也是可以看到宿主機上的網絡接口的；

[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
2b7517adb2ad        busybox                "sh"                     15 minutes ago      Up 15 minutes                           b1
f2dc3d0bb699        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   38 minutes ago      Up 38 minutes                           web4
a0039645d551        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   42 minutes ago      Up 42 minutes                           web3
d39dea20d5ea        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   52 minutes ago      Up 52 minutes                           web2
bced86e3dcb2        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   52 minutes ago      Up 52 minutes                           web1
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tnl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                        Local Address:Port                                                       Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                                       *:22                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                               127.0.0.1:25                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      9                                                        :::80                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::22                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                     ::1:25                                                                   :::*                  
[root@node1 ~]# docker attach b1
/ # netstat -tnl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      
/ # read escape sequence
[root@node1 ~]# docker container exec  -it web4 /bin/sh
/ # netstat -ntl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      
/ # exit
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：b1和web4和宿主機都處於同一網絡名稱空間，在web4上監聽的80，在宿主機和b1上是可以看到的，同時宿主機上監聽的其餘端口，在b1和web4上也可以看到；進入剝離的終端容器，須要用docker attach 命令進入；這樣一來咱們就能夠經過訪問宿主機的80端口訪問到容器內部的服務；也能夠經過訪問b1主機的lo接口訪問到web4上的服務

[root@node1 ~]# docker attach b1
/ # ps aux
PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 root      0:00 sh
   14 root      0:00 ps aux
/ # wget -O - -q http://127.0.0.1
this test file
/ # read escape sequence
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：雖然經過lo接口能夠訪問到web4上的服務，但他們的其餘資源仍是相互隔離的，只是網絡名稱空間是共享的同一個；

　　除此之外，咱們在運行容器時還能夠經過docker run 的一些選項來注入一些信息到容器內部

　　示例：注入hostname到容器內部

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web01 -it --rm --net bridge --hostname www.ilinux.io  linux1874/myimg:v0.1 /bin/sh                 
/ # hostname
www.ilinux.io
/ # exit
[root@node1 ~]#

提示：能夠看到在容器內部主機名就是咱們運行容器時給定的主機名；--rm表示退出容器時刪除容器；-d 和--rm不能同時使用，這兩個選項是相互排斥的；

　　示例：從外部指定hostname與主機地址解析列表

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web01 -it --rm --net bridge --hostname www.ilinux.io  --add-host www.test.com:1.1.1.1 --add-host www.test2.com:2.2.2.2 linux1874/myimg:v0.1 /bin/sh
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1       localhost
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
1.1.1.1 www.test.com
2.2.2.2 www.test2.com
172.17.0.4      www.ilinux.io www
/ # exit
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：--add-host選項能夠重複使用不少次；應用場景，若是多容器間通訊須要用到解析主機名的方式，那麼咱們就須要用到注入主機名到主機的解析；

　　示例：注入dns服務器地址到容器

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web01 -it --rm --net bridge --hostname www.ilinux.io  --add-host www.test.com:1.1.1.1 --add-host www.test2.com:2.2.2.2 --dns 3.3.3.3 --dns 4.4.4.4 linux1874/myimg:v0.1 /bin/sh    
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf 
nameserver 3.3.3.3
nameserver 4.4.4.4
/ # exit
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：--dns表示指定dns服務器地址；該選項也可同時使用屢次用來指定多個dns服務器地址；

　　示例：注入dns search

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web01 -it --rm --net bridge --hostname www.ilinux.io  --add-host www.test.com:1.1.1.1 --add-host www.test2.com:2.2.2.2 --dns 3.3.3.3 --dns 4.4.4.4 --dns-search test.com --dns-search test2.com linux1874/myimg:v0.1 /bin/sh
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf 
search test.com test2.com
nameserver 3.3.3.3
nameserver 4.4.4.4
/ # exit
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：--dns-search 選項表示指定dns search；該選項也可同時使用屢次，用來指定多個dns search；

　　示例：注入ip地址爲容器ip地址

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web01 -it --rm --net bridge --hostname www.ilinux.io  --add-host www.test.com:1.1.1.1 --add-host www.test2.com:2.2.2.2 --dns 3.3.3.3 --dns 4.4.4.4 --dns-search test.com --dns-search test2.com --ip 172.17.0.20 linux1874/myimg:v0.1 /bin/sh
docker: Error response from daemon: user specified IP address is supported on user defined networks only.
[root@node1 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
2ae9aa656656        bridge              bridge              local
93347fb33d89        host                host                local
a99b876eee4d        none                null                local
[root@node1 ~]# docker network create --subnet 10.0.0.0/24 mynet
e80b4e4cc6e9f2c772797c27b0cd81b93cc874e0ffbc5cc2ea2d3a1d9d5530fb
[root@node1 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
2ae9aa656656        bridge              bridge              local
93347fb33d89        host                host                local
e80b4e4cc6e9        mynet               bridge              local
a99b876eee4d        none                null                local
[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web01 -it --rm --net mynet --hostname www.ilinux.io  --add-host www.test.com:1.1.1.1 --add-host www.test2.com:2.2.2.2 --dns 3.3.3.3 --dns 4.4.4.4 --dns-search test.com --dns-search test2.com --ip 10.0.0.200 linux1874/myimg:v0.1 /bin/sh                 
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
29: eth0@if30: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:0a:00:00:c8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.200/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：docker 默認狀況是不支持啓動容器指定ip地址的，指定ip地址只容許在自定義網絡上指定；因此要想給容器指定ip地址，首先要本身建立一個網絡名稱空間；運行容器時經過--net或--network指定網絡，而後在指定IP地址就沒有問題了；

　　示例：給容器鏈接多個網絡

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web1 -it --rm  --network bridge linux1874/myimg:v0.1 /bin/sh
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
52: eth0@if53: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # [root@node1 ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
03e2689873d0        bridge              bridge              local
93347fb33d89        host                host                local
e80b4e4cc6e9        mynet               bridge              local
a99b876eee4d        none                null                local
[root@node1 ~]# docker network connect mynet web1
[root@node1 ~]# docker attach web1
/ # ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
52: eth0@if53: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
54: eth1@if55: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue 
    link/ether 02:42:0a:00:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.2/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ #

　　提示：docker nerwork connect 相似給容器添加一塊網絡，而後將容器裏的網卡鏈接至咱們指定的網絡；

　　端口暴露

　　一般狀況下咱們運行docker容器都是使用的bridge網絡，只有特殊場景纔會用到自定義網絡和其餘網絡；使用bridge網絡有一個問題就是容器裏的服務怎麼讓外界的主機訪問到呢？首先要讓外部訪問到容器內部的網絡，這一層是不太可能了，緣由是docker0橋是一個nat橋，它只可以讓內部容器訪問外部主機，不可用外部主機訪問內部容器；若是要訪問，咱們須要修改iptables的規則，很麻煩；除此以外還能夠在宿主機上搭建一個反向代理，外部經過訪問代理，而後代理訪問容器內部服務，這樣的方式可行，但一般不這麼作；除此以外就只有把容器裏跑的服務端口映射到宿主機上某端口，外部經過訪問宿主機的某端口，經過iptables規則作DNAT；經過端口映射到方式讓外部主機能夠訪問到容器內部的服務；其實docker container run這個命令有一個-p的選項就是用來作這個事的；咱們用-p選項來指定把宿主機的那個ip或端口映射到容器的某個ip或端口上；它的原理就是經過修改宿主機的iptables規則，作DNAT實現的；

　　示例：將容器80端口映射至宿主機某動態端口

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web01 -d  -p 80 linux1874/myimg:v0.1 
7dd827a920f07badc79911120aa9fee5dc74d8d9959f554ac9c19d911befd31c
[root@node1 ~]# docker container port web01
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768
[root@node1 ~]# iptables -t nat -nvL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
   11   852 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 76 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0           !127.0.0.0/8          ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 76 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !br-e80b4e4cc6e9  10.0.0.0/24          0.0.0.0/0           
    6   379 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !docker0  172.17.0.0/16        0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.4           172.17.0.4           tcp dpt:80

Chain DOCKER (2 references)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  br-e80b4e4cc6e9 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32768 to:172.17.0.4:80
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：-p 指定容器裏服務的端口，表示把容器的該端口映射到宿主機上的一個隨機端口，一般這個隨機端口是從32768開始；從上面的接口能夠看到咱們把80端口映射到宿主機上的32768端口上，隨之docker會在宿主機的iptables的nat表上添加一條DNAT規則；如今咱們就能夠經過訪問宿主機的32768端口來訪問容器內部的服務；一般咱們不建議把容器裏的服務隨機映射到宿主機上的一個端口；緣由是客戶端不知道隨機端口後面的服務是什麼，固然訪問也就受限；

　　測試：訪問宿主機的32768端口看看是否可以訪問到容器內部的web服務？

[root@docker_node1 ~]# ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:22:36:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.22/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe22:367f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN 
    link/ether 02:42:72:cb:66:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@docker_node1 ~]# curl 192.168.0.31:32768
this test file
[root@docker_node1 ~]#

　　示例：將容器端口映射到指定主機端口

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web02 -d --net bridge -p 80:80 linux1874/myimg:v0.1
351ed7833aa1908c43abc061f5acdc7bd5e083ea097b26c1f4d4a7422bfbfcfa
[root@node1 ~]# docker container port web02
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
351ed7833aa1        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   23 seconds ago      Up 21 seconds       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp      web02
7dd827a920f0        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp   web01
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tnl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                        Local Address:Port                                                       Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                                       *:22                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                               127.0.0.1:25                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::80                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::22                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                     ::1:25                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32768                                                                :::*                  
[root@node1 ~]# iptables -t nat -nvL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 466 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
   12   912 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 466 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 76 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0           !127.0.0.0/8          ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 76 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !br-e80b4e4cc6e9  10.0.0.0/24          0.0.0.0/0           
    6   379 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !docker0  172.17.0.0/16        0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.4           172.17.0.4           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.2           172.17.0.2           tcp dpt:80

Chain DOCKER (2 references)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  br-e80b4e4cc6e9 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32768 to:172.17.0.4:80
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:80 to:172.17.0.2:80
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：能夠看到咱們指定把容器的80端口映射到宿主機的80端口，宿主機上的80端口就處於監聽狀態了；同時iptables的nat表上又生成了一條新的DNT規則；

　　測試：經過其餘主機訪問宿主機上的80看看是否可以訪問到容器裏的80服務？

[root@docker_node1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:22:36:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.22/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe22:367f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN 
    link/ether 02:42:72:cb:66:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@docker_node1 ~]# curl 192.168.0.31
this test file
[root@docker_node1 ~]#

　　示例：將指定的容器端口映射到宿主機的指定ip上的動態端口

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web03 -d --net bridge -p 192.168.0.214::80 linux1874/myimg:v0.1
b4276ea0d0c0265a608b8111d64655a8667871f1b19cf971b42921a9a464c020
[root@node1 ~]# docker container port web03
80/tcp -> 192.168.0.214:32769
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                         NAMES
b4276ea0d0c0        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   15 seconds ago      Up 15 seconds       192.168.0.214:32769->80/tcp   web03
351ed7833aa1        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp            web02
7dd827a920f0        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   20 minutes ago      Up 20 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp         web01
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tnl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                        Local Address:Port                                                       Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                                       *:22                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                               127.0.0.1:25                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                           192.168.0.214:32769                                                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::80                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::22                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                     ::1:25                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32768                                                                :::*                  
[root@node1 ~]# iptables -t nat -nvL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
   15  1068 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 152 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0           !127.0.0.0/8          ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 2 packets, 152 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !br-e80b4e4cc6e9  10.0.0.0/24          0.0.0.0/0           
    6   379 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !docker0  172.17.0.0/16        0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.4           172.17.0.4           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.2           172.17.0.2           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.3           172.17.0.3           tcp dpt:80

Chain DOCKER (2 references)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  br-e80b4e4cc6e9 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32768 to:172.17.0.4:80
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:80 to:172.17.0.2:80
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            192.168.0.214        tcp dpt:32769 to:172.17.0.3:80
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：能夠看到宿主機上的192.168.0.214的32769處於監聽狀體；同時iptables的nat表示也新增了一條DNAT規則；

　　測試：經過其餘主機訪問宿主機的192.168.0.214的32769端口，看看是否可以訪問到容器內部的80服務？

[root@docker_node1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:22:36:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.22/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe22:367f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN 
    link/ether 02:42:72:cb:66:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@docker_node1 ~]# curl 192.168.0.214:32769
this test file
[root@docker_node1 ~]#

　　示例：將容器的端口映射至宿主機的指定ip的指定端口

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web04 -d --net bridge -p 192.168.0.214:81:80 linux1874/myimg:v0.1
1f58cd21b2c861b8761032a07d9e47d3bf1a2c072816d931918171ea38a9c090
[root@node1 ~]# docker container port web04
80/tcp -> 192.168.0.214:81
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                         NAMES
1f58cd21b2c8        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   19 seconds ago      Up 17 seconds       192.168.0.214:81->80/tcp      web04
b4276ea0d0c0        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes        192.168.0.214:32769->80/tcp   web03
351ed7833aa1        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   17 minutes ago      Up 17 minutes       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp            web02
7dd827a920f0        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   27 minutes ago      Up 27 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp         web01
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tnl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                        Local Address:Port                                                       Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                           192.168.0.214:81                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                       *:22                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                               127.0.0.1:25                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                           192.168.0.214:32769                                                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::80                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::22                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                     ::1:25                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32768                                                                :::*                  
[root@node1 ~]# iptables -t nat -nvL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
   16  1128 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 76 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0           !127.0.0.0/8          ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1 packets, 76 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !br-e80b4e4cc6e9  10.0.0.0/24          0.0.0.0/0           
    6   379 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !docker0  172.17.0.0/16        0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.4           172.17.0.4           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.2           172.17.0.2           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.3           172.17.0.3           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.5           172.17.0.5           tcp dpt:80

Chain DOCKER (2 references)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  br-e80b4e4cc6e9 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32768 to:172.17.0.4:80
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:80 to:172.17.0.2:80
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            192.168.0.214        tcp dpt:32769 to:172.17.0.3:80
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            192.168.0.214        tcp dpt:81 to:172.17.0.5:80
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：能夠看到宿主機上的81端口處於監聽狀態，同時iptables中的nat表也新加了一條DNAT規則；

　　測試：用其餘主機訪問192.168.0.214的81端口看看是否可以訪問到容器裏80服務？

[root@docker_node1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:22:36:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.22/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe22:367f/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN 
    link/ether 02:42:72:cb:66:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@docker_node1 ~]# curl 192.168.0.214:81
this test file
[root@docker_node1 ~]#

　　示例：將容器多個端口映射到宿主機

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web05 -d --net bridge -p 80 -p 443  linux1874/myimg:v0.1               
898e99cf0f37104954913488717969584d35677a0660874a52a502934599caf7
[root@node1 ~]# docker container port web05
443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32770
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32771
[root@node1 ~]# ss -ntl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                        Local Address:Port                                                       Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                           192.168.0.214:81                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                       *:22                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                               127.0.0.1:25                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                           192.168.0.214:32769                                                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::80                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::22                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                     ::1:25                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32768                                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32770                                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32771                                                                :::*                  
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                           NAMES
898e99cf0f37        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   31 seconds ago      Up 29 seconds       0.0.0.0:32771->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32770->443/tcp   web05
1f58cd21b2c8        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   19 minutes ago      Up 19 minutes       192.168.0.214:81->80/tcp                        web04
b4276ea0d0c0        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   26 minutes ago      Up 26 minutes       192.168.0.214:32769->80/tcp                     web03
351ed7833aa1        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   35 minutes ago      Up 35 minutes       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp                              web02
7dd827a920f0        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   46 minutes ago      Up 46 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp                           web01
[root@node1 ~]# iptables -t nat -nvL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
   17  1188 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 228 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0           !127.0.0.0/8          ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 228 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !br-e80b4e4cc6e9  10.0.0.0/24          0.0.0.0/0           
    6   379 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !docker0  172.17.0.0/16        0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.4           172.17.0.4           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.2           172.17.0.2           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.3           172.17.0.3           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.5           172.17.0.5           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.6           172.17.0.6           tcp dpt:443
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.6           172.17.0.6           tcp dpt:80

Chain DOCKER (2 references)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  br-e80b4e4cc6e9 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32768 to:172.17.0.4:80
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:80 to:172.17.0.2:80
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            192.168.0.214        tcp dpt:32769 to:172.17.0.3:80
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            192.168.0.214        tcp dpt:81 to:172.17.0.5:80
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32770 to:172.17.0.6:443
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32771 to:172.17.0.6:80
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：-p選項可使用屢次，來指定須要映射端口和宿主機的端口映射關係；除此還可使用-P（大寫）加--expose來指定要映射的端口

[root@node1 ~]# docker run --name web06 -d --net bridge -P --expose 80 --expose 443  linux1874/myimg:v0.1  
b377f6d380828ece81d69fd83cf7678800466f45689850a7e47dde1619602ffa
[root@node1 ~]# docker container port web06
443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32772
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32773
[root@node1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                           NAMES
b377f6d38082        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   19 seconds ago      Up 18 seconds       0.0.0.0:32773->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32772->443/tcp   web06
898e99cf0f37        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        0.0.0.0:32771->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32770->443/tcp   web05
1f58cd21b2c8        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   22 minutes ago      Up 22 minutes       192.168.0.214:81->80/tcp                        web04
b4276ea0d0c0        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   29 minutes ago      Up 29 minutes       192.168.0.214:32769->80/tcp                     web03
351ed7833aa1        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   39 minutes ago      Up 39 minutes       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp                              web02
7dd827a920f0        linux1874/myimg:v0.1   "/bin/sh -c '/bin/ht…"   49 minutes ago      Up 49 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp                           web01
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tnl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                        Local Address:Port                                                       Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                           192.168.0.214:81                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                       *:22                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                               127.0.0.1:25                                                                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                           192.168.0.214:32769                                                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::80                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::22                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                     ::1:25                                                                   :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32768                                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32770                                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32771                                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32772                                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                      :::32773                                                                :::*                  
[root@node1 ~]# iptables -t nat -nvL
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
   17  1188 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 228 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 DOCKER     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0           !127.0.0.0/8          ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 228 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !br-e80b4e4cc6e9  10.0.0.0/24          0.0.0.0/0           
    6   379 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      !docker0  172.17.0.0/16        0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.4           172.17.0.4           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.2           172.17.0.2           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.3           172.17.0.3           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.5           172.17.0.5           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.6           172.17.0.6           tcp dpt:443
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.6           172.17.0.6           tcp dpt:80
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.7           172.17.0.7           tcp dpt:443
    0     0 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       172.17.0.7           172.17.0.7           tcp dpt:80

Chain DOCKER (2 references)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  br-e80b4e4cc6e9 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    0     0 RETURN     all  --  docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32768 to:172.17.0.4:80
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:80 to:172.17.0.2:80
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            192.168.0.214        tcp dpt:32769 to:172.17.0.3:80
    1    60 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            192.168.0.214        tcp dpt:81 to:172.17.0.5:80
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32770 to:172.17.0.6:443
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32771 to:172.17.0.6:80
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32772 to:172.17.0.7:443
    0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  !docker0 *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:32773 to:172.17.0.7:80
[root@node1 ~]#

　　提示：使用-P（大寫） --expose 的方式暴露端口，不能夠選擇暴露給宿主機的某個ip的某個端口或隨機端口，只能暴露給宿主機的全部ip的隨機端口；簡單說就是不能指定固定宿主機的IP和端口；

　　示例：修改docker0橋的網絡屬性

　　提示：修改docker0橋的網絡信息，咱們須要在/etc/docker/daemon.json這個文件中添加一項bip來指定docker0橋的網絡地址；這裏須要注意一點的是若是這個文件沒有內容咱們直接用大括號加「bip」: "ip地址和子網掩碼"便可，若是有其餘項須要注意後面的逗號，如上所示；若是後續還有其餘配置，須要在最後的一項後面加逗號，而後在添加其餘配置；末尾能夠不寫逗號；其實這個文件中能夠添加不少配置，對於配置docker0橋的屬性也有不少，但核心配置選項就是bip，它主要是用來指定docker0橋的ip地址和子網掩碼信息；其餘的選項能夠不用指定，它們均可以經過bip這個選項自動計算生成；有關/etc/docker/daemon.json文件的相關說明能夠參考官方文檔https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/#run-multiple-daemons；