python3中，os.path模塊下經常使用的用法總結

 

 

abspath

返回一個目錄的絕對路徑
Return an absolute path.

>>> os.path.abspath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' >>> os.getcwd() '/root' >>> os.path.abspath("python_modu") '/root/python_modu'

basename

返回一個目錄的基名
Returns the final component of a pathname

>>> os.path.basename("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") 'selinux' >>> os.path.basename("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") 'python3'

dirname

返回一個目錄的目錄名
Returns the directory component of a pathname

>>> os.path.dirname("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") '/etc/sysconfig' >>> os.path.dirname("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") '/usr/local/python3/bin'

exists

測試指定文件是否存在
Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links

>>> os.path.exists("/home/egon") False >>> os.path.exists("/root") True >>> os.path.exists("/usr/bin/python") True

getatime

獲得指定文件最後一次的訪問時間
Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh") os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getatime("/root/test.sh") 1498117664.2808378

getctime

獲得指定文件最後一次的改變時間
Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh") os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getctime("/root/test.sh") 1498117696.039542

getmtime

獲得指定文件最後一次的修改時間
Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh") os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getmtime("/root/test.sh") 1496629059.9313989

getsize

獲得獲得文件的大小
Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh") os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getsize("/root/test.sh") 568

isabs

測試參數是不是絕對路徑
Test whether a path is absolute

>>> os.path.isabs("python_modu") False >>> os.path.isabs("/etc/sysconfig") True

isdir

測試指定參數是不是目錄名
Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory.

>>> os.path.isdir("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") False >>> os.path.isdir("/home") True

isfile

測試指定參數是不是一個文件
Test whether a path is a regular file

>>> os.path.isfile("/home") False >>> os.path.isfile("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") True

islink

測試指定參數是不是一個軟連接
Test whether a path is a symbolic link

>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") True >>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/nfs") False

ismount

測試指定參數是不是掛載點
Test whether a path is a mount point

>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom") False 以上是未掛載光盤，如今把光盤掛載到/mnt/cdrom下，再進行測試 >>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom") True

join

join(a, *p) 將目錄名和文件的基名拼接成一個完整的路徑 Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed. If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components will be discarded. An empty last part will result in a path that ends with a separator.

>>> for filename in os.listdir("/home"): ... print(os.path.join("/tmp",filename)) ... /tmp/a /tmp/f1.txt

realpath

返回指定文件的標準路徑，而非軟連接所在的路徑
Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any symbolic links encountered in the path.

>>> os.path.realpath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") '/etc/selinux/config' >>> os.path.realpath("/usr/bin/python") '/usr/bin/python2.7'

samefile

測試兩個路徑是否指向同一個文件
Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file

sameopenfile

測試兩個打開的文件是否指向同一個文件
Test whether two open file objects reference the same file

split

分割目錄名，返回由其目錄名和基名給成的元組
Split a pathname. Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" is everything after the final slash. Either part may be empty.

>>> os.path.split("/tmp/f1.txt") ('/tmp', 'f1.txt') >>> os.path.split("/home/test.sh") ('/home', 'test.sh')

splitext

分割文件名，返回由文件名和擴展名組成的元組
Split the extension from a pathname. Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoring leading dots. Returns "(root, ext)"; ext may be empty.

>>> os.path.splitext("/home/test.sh") ('/home/test', '.sh') >>> os.path.splitext("/tmp/f1.txt") ('/tmp/f1', '.txt')