Python自動化--語言基礎8--接口請求及封裝

基於http協議，最經常使用的是GET和POST兩種方法。

接口文檔須要包含哪些信息：

接口名稱
接口功能
接口地址
支持格式 json/xml
請求方式
請求示例
請求參數(是否必填、數據類型、傳遞參數格式)
返回參數說明
以典型的(一兩個)參數作爲判斷是否請求經過（重點是看響應的信息判斷）

1、GET

 1 import requests
 2 import json
 3 
 4 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
 5 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
 6 header ={}
 7 
 8 r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers= header)
 9 
10 print('get請求獲取的響應結果json類型',r.text)
11 print("get請求獲取響應狀態碼",r.status_code)
12 print("get請求獲取響應頭",r.headers['Content-Type'])
13 
14 #響應的json數據轉換爲可被python識別的數據類型
15 json_r = r.json()
16 print(json_r)

2、POST

post請求有兩種請求格式：
一、key-value的格式'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
二、標準json的格式：'Content-Type':'application/json'

#key-value

 1 import requests
 2 import json
 3 
 4 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
 5 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
 6 header ={}
 7 
 8 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header)
 9 
10 print('get請求獲取的響應結果json類型',r.text)
11 print("get請求獲取響應狀態碼",r.status_code)
12 print("get請求獲取響應頭",r.headers['Content-Type'])
13 
14 #響應的json數據轉換爲可被python識別的數據類型
15 json_r = r.json()
16 print(json_r)

#json

 1 import requests
 2 import json
 3 
 4 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
 5 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
 6 header ={}
 7 #python數據類型轉換爲json類型（json.dumps()）
 8 para = json.dumps(para)
 9 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header)
10 
11 print('get請求獲取的響應結果json類型',r.text)
12 print("get請求獲取響應狀態碼",r.status_code)
13 print("get請求獲取響應頭",r.headers['Content-Type'])
14 
15 #響應的json數據轉換爲可被python識別的數據類型
16 json_r = r.json()
17 print(json_r)

3、把全部的請求封裝在函數中

 1 def get(url,para,headers):
 2     try:
 3         r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers)
 4         print("獲取返回的狀態碼",r.status_code)
 5         json_r = r.json()
 6         print("json類型轉化成python數據類型",json_r)
 7     except BaseException as e:
 8         print("請求失敗！",str(e))
 9 def post(url,para,headers):
10     try:
11         r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers)
12         print("獲取返回的狀態碼",r.status_code)
13         json_r = r.json()
14         print("json類型轉化成python數據類型",json_r)
15     except BaseException as e:
16         print("請求失敗！",str(e))
17 def post_json(url,para,headers):
18     try:
19         data = para
20         data = json.dumps(data)   #python數據類型轉化爲json數據類型
21         r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers)
22         print("獲取返回的狀態碼",r.status_code)
23         json_r = r.json()
24         print("json轉換爲python數據類型：",json_r)
25     except BaseException as e:
26         print("請求失敗！",str(e))
27 
28 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
29 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
30 headers ={}
31 
32 get(url,para,headers)
33 post(url,para,headers)
34 post_json(url,para,headers)

4、把全部請求封裝在一個對象裏

 1 class Webrequests:
 2     def get(self,url,para,headers):
 3         try:
 4             r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers)
 5             print("獲取返回的狀態碼",r.status_code)
 6             json_r = r.json()
 7             print("json類型轉化成python數據類型",json_r)
 8         except BaseException as e:
 9             print("請求失敗！",str(e))
10     def post(self,url,para,headers):
11         try:
12             r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers)
13             print("獲取返回的狀態碼",r.status_code)
14             json_r = r.json()
15             print("json類型轉化成python數據類型",json_r)
16         except BaseException as e:
17             print("請求失敗！",str(e))
18     def post_json(self,url,para,headers):
19         try:
20             data = para
21             data = json.dumps(data)   #python數據類型轉化爲json數據類型
22             r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers)
23             print("獲取返回的狀態碼",r.status_code)
24             json_r = r.json()
25             print("json類型轉化成python數據類型",json_r)
26         except BaseException as e:
27             print("請求失敗！",str(e))
28 
29 url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
30 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
31 headers ={}
32 
33 q = Webrequests()
34 
35 q.get(url,para,headers)
36 q.post(url,para,headers)
37 q.post_json(url,para,headers)