Nginx基礎

時間 2021-01-19

標籤 php html nginx c++ vim centos 瀏覽器安全 bash 服務器欄目 Nginx 简体版

原文原文鏈接

Nginx網站服務

關於Nginx

一款高性能、輕量級Web服務軟件php
- 穩定性高html
- 系統資源消耗低nginx
- 對HTTP併發鏈接的處理能力高
單臺物理服務器可支持30000 ~ 50000個併發請求c++

Nginx編譯安裝

安裝支持軟件

[root@localhost opt] yum install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel zlib-devel -y

建立運行用戶、組

[root@localhost opt] useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

編譯安裝Nginx

Nginx源碼包下載

[root@localhost ~] mount.cifs //192.168.100.10/lnmp /mnt/    //將本地nginx源碼包掛載到mnt目錄下
[root@localhost ~] cd /mnt/
[root@localhost mnt] tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt/    //解壓源碼包到opt目錄  
[root@localhost mnt] cd /opt
[root@localhost opt] cd nginx-1.12.2/            //進入nginx安裝包目錄
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2] ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \          //指定安裝路徑
--user=nginx \                       //指定程序用戶
--group=nginx \                      //指定組
--with-http_stub_status_module       //關聯狀態統計模塊    
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2] make && make install       //配置、安裝
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2] cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin   //進入nginx安裝後的命令目錄
[root@localhost sbin] ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/   //創建軟連接到sbin目錄
[root@localhost sbin] nginx        //執行開啓服務
[root@localhost conf]# netstat -ntap | grep 80        //查看服務端口是否開啓      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      31755/nginx: master 
[root@localhost sbin] systemctl stop firewalld.service    //關閉防火牆
[root@localhost sbin] setenforce 0                         //關閉加強性安全功能
[root@localhost sbin] yum install elinks -y      //安裝檢測網站工具
[root@localhost sbin] elinks http://localhost    //檢測網站是否開啓

優化運行控制

[root@localhost sbin]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx      //編輯運行控制腳本
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 99 20
# description: Nginx Service Control Script
PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
  start)
   $PROG
   ;;
  stop)
   kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF)
   ;;
  restart)
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
  reload)
   kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)
   ;;
  *)
      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
      exit 1
esac
exit 0
:wq
[root@localhost sbin]# cd /etc/init.d
[root@localhost init.d]# chmod +x nginx           //給腳本添加執行權限
[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --add nginx    //將腳本添加到系統環境
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx start      //使用service控制服務開啓

配置文件

全局配置

#user nobody;
worker processes 1;
#error_ log logs/error.log;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;

I/0事件配置

events {
   use epoll;
   worker_connections 4096;
}

HTTP配置

http {
  ......
  access_log logs/access.log main;
  sendfile    on;
  ......
  keepalive_timeout 65;
  server {
     listen     80;
     server name www.bt.com;
     charset utf-8; 
     location / {
        root html;
        index index.html index.php; }
     error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
     location = /50x.html {
   root html;}}
}

Nginx的訪問狀態統計

啓用HTTP STUB STATUS狀態統計模塊

配置編譯參數時添加--with-http_ stub_ status_ module
nginx -V查看已安裝的Nginx是否包含HTTP_ STUB_ _STATUS模塊

[root@localhost init.d]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/     //進入配置文件目錄
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf            //編輯配置文件
...//省略部份內容...
server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.kgc.com;         //編輯域名

        charset utf-8;                    //編輯字符串格式爲utf-8

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log;  //註釋access日誌文件

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /status {
            stub_status on;       //開啓功能統計模塊
            access_log off;
        }
...//省略部份內容...
:wq                          //保存退出
[root@localhost conf]# yum install bind -y     //安裝DNS服務
[root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/named.conf     //常規配置DNS功能
...//省略部份內容...
options {
        listen-on port 53 { any; };
        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
        secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
        allow-query     { any; };
...//省略部份內容...
:wq
[root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
...//省略部份內容...
zone "kgc.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "kgc.com.zone";
        allow-update { none; };
}; 
...//省略部份內容...
:wq
[root@localhost conf]# cd /var/named/
[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost kgc.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# vim kgc.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  @ rname.invalid. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      @
        A       127.0.0.1
www IN  A       192.168.144.133
:wq
[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named
[root@localhost named]# service nginx stop
[root@localhost named]# service nginx start

在客戶機中打開瀏覽器輸入域名www.kgc.com/status訪問網站統計記錄

受權的訪問控制

配置步驟與Apache基本一致
- 生成用戶密碼認證文件
- 修改主配置文件對相應目錄，添加認證配置項
- 重啓服務，訪問測試

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.kgc.com;

        charset utf-8;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log;

        location / {
            auth_basic "secret";                          //插入設置密碼驗證
            auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db;   //添加條目設置密碼驗證文件存放目錄
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /status {
            stub_status on;
            access_log off;
        }
:wq
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd-tools -y       //安裝生成密碼設置文件
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
base                                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00   
extras                                                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00 
...//省略部份內容...
已安裝:
  httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos                                                                   
做爲依賴被安裝:
  apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7                             apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7                         
完畢！
[root@localhost ~]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db test01    //建立密碼驗證文件
New password:                           //輸入密碼
Re-type new password:                   //再次輸入       
Adding password for user test01          //建立用戶成功
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/passwd.db     //查看建立的密碼文件
test01:$apr1$T22NmXdU$yE8iwUxpaHcR95ZNosCUK0           //用戶密碼信息
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx stop           //中止nginx服務
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start          //啓動nginx服務
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep 80      //查看端口是否開啓
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8624/nginx: