從零構建netty--一步步構建NIO

自制nio

經過上篇socke基礎,咱們回顧了下socket的用法。上篇內容很簡單,服務端也只是接收了一個客戶端的鏈接,接下來咱們就升級下咱們的demo,使其像一個真正的服務器。java

首先咱們容許服務端接收多個客戶端的鏈接。修改OioServer以下服務器

代碼2-1併發

public class OioServer {

    private ServerSocket serverSocket;

    public void start() {
        Socket socket = null;
        try {
            openServer(8081);
            if (Objects.isNull(serverSocket)) {
                return;
            }
           while (true) {
                socket = listenAccept();
                handleSocket(socket);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            SocketUtils.closeServerSocketSafely(serverSocket);
            SocketUtils.closeSocketSafely(socket);
        }
    }

    private void handleSocket(Socket socket) {
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (!socket.isClosed()) {
                String msg = SocketUtils.read(socket);
                SocketUtils.write(socket, " I get you" + msg);
            }
        }).start();
    }

    public void openServer(int port) throws IOException {
        // 1 建立ServerSocket
        serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
        // 2 綁定端口
        SocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(port);
        serverSocket.bind(socketAddress);
        // 3 accept客戶端
    }

    public Socket listenAccept() throws IOException {
        return serverSocket.accept();
    }
}

當調用start()方法後,咱們服務器就開始監聽8081接口了。而後每次一個客戶端鏈接進來,咱們就會獲得一個socket,而後咱們建立一個線程去處理這個socket。app

爲何要建立新的線程?由於socket讀寫都是阻塞的,若是不啓動新線程,那主線程就會被阻塞。這個時候,有新的客戶端鏈接進來將不會被處理。可是,咱們爲每一個socket建立一個線程,這樣是有代價的,而且咱們服務器是不可能建立無數個線程的。固咱們使用爲每一個socket建立一個線程這種方法在高併發的狀況下顯然是不可行的。那麼有什麼方法改進嗎?答案是確定的。如今java有了nio,可是我如今不急於把這個王炸展現出來,讓咱們一步步靠近它,並揭開它的神祕面紗。socket

如今咱們知道了爲每一個socket建立一個線程是由於,socket的操做(讀或寫)是阻塞的,那咱們不讓它阻塞不就能夠了?有辦法嗎?有。對於讀,咱們可使用inputStream.available();來判斷一下,是否可讀,不可讀咱們就不調用阻塞方法 inputStream.read(bytes)。因而咱們再SocketUtils中天加一個方法高併發

代碼2-2學習

/**
  * 從socket中讀數據
*/
public static ReadResult readWithNoBlocking(Socket socket) {
    try {
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        if (inputStream.available() <= 0) {
            return ReadResult.unReadableResult();
        }
        while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            sb.append(new String(bytes, 0, len, "UTF-8"));
            if (inputStream.available() <= 0) {
                return ReadResult.readableResult(sb.toString());
            }
        }
        return ReadResult.readableResult(sb.toString());
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return ReadResult.unReadableResult();
    }
}

而後修改OioServer,ui

代碼2-4this

public class OioServer {

    private ServerSocket serverSocket;
    private volatile List<Socket> socketList = new ArrayList<>();
    ...
    public void start() {
        Socket socket = null;
        try {
            openServer(8081);
            // 開啓處理socket鏈接的線程
            startChildHandler();
            // 主線程監聽鏈接
            while (true) {
                Socket socket = listenAccept();
                handleSocket(socket);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            SocketUtils.closeServerSocketSafely(serverSocket);
            SocketUtils.closeSocketSafely(socket);
        }
    }
     // 添加socket到socketList中
    private void handleSocket(Socket socket) {
        socketList.add(socket);
    }
    // 處理全部socket
    private void startChildHandler() {
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                for (Socket socketToDeal : socketList) {
                    ReadResult readResult = SocketUtils.readWithNoBlocking(socketToDeal);
                    if (readResult.readable()) {
                        System.out.println("收到客戶端消息" + socketToDeal.getInetAddress().toString() + " " + readResult.result());
                        SocketUtils.write(socketToDeal, "Get u:" + readResult.result());
                    }
                }
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

首先咱們修改了handleSocket方法,是新建的socket添加到socketList中,由於咱們有了SocketUtils.readWithNoBlocking方法,讀操做不再會阻塞住線程了,這樣咱們就能夠在循環中不斷堅持全部的socket是否有消息發過來,並處理。線程

雖然上述代碼健壯性有待考證,可是咱們確實獲得了一個只要一個線程就能夠處理全部socket的服務器模型。也能夠說,這是簡易版的nio服務器。

更加通用化

如今咱們已經有一個nio 的server了,可是,徹底是沒有章法的編寫的,若是要增長功能,或者定製化一些東西,那必需要修改OioServer,這違反了開閉原則。所以咱們須要提取一些通用邏輯,將邏輯的處理交給使用方,下面是以可讀爲例。

代碼2-5

public class NioServer {

    private ServerSocket serverSocket;
    private volatile List<SocketContext> socketList = new ArrayList<>();
    private volatile List<SocketContext> statusChangedContext = new ArrayList<>();

    public void start(int port) {
        // 監聽端口線程
        new Thread(() ->{
            Socket socket = null;
            try {
                openServer(port);
                startChildHandler();
                while (true) {
                    socket = listenAccept();
                    handleSocket(socket);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                SocketUtils.closeServerSocketSafely(serverSocket);
                SocketUtils.closeSocketSafely(socket);
            }
        }).start();

    }

    // 監聽全部socket
    private void startChildHandler() {
        new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                for (SocketContext socketToDeal : socketList) {
                    ReadResult readResult = SocketUtils.readWithNoBlocking(socketToDeal.getSocket());
                    if (readResult.readable()) {
                        // 若是socket可讀,將其加入到statusChangedContext中,並喚醒調用線程
                        socketToDeal.setStatus(SocketContext.STATUS_READABLE);
                        socketToDeal.setMsg(readResult.result());
                        statusChangedContext.add(socketToDeal);
                        synchronized (statusChangedContext) {
                            statusChangedContext.notifyAll();
                        }
                    }
                }
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void handleSocket(Socket socket) {
        SocketContext socketContext = new SocketContext();
        socketContext.setSocket(socket);
        socketList.add(socketContext);
    }

    private void openServer(int port) throws IOException {
        // 1 建立ServerSocket
        serverSocket = new ServerSocket();
        // 2 綁定端口
        SocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(port);
        serverSocket.bind(socketAddress);
        // 3 accept客戶端
    }

    private Socket listenAccept() throws IOException {
        return serverSocket.accept();
    }

    public List<SocketContext> getStatusChangedContext() {
        if (statusChangedContext.size() == 0) {
            try {
                // 當statusChangedContext爲空,也就是沒有事件要處理的時候,咱們掛起調用方線程,這樣能夠節約資源
                synchronized (statusChangedContext) {
                    statusChangedContext.wait();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return statusChangedContext;
    }

    public static class SocketContext {

        public static final int STATUS_READABLE = 1;
        private Socket socket;
        private int status;
        private String msg;

        public Socket getSocket() {
            return socket;
        }

        public void setSocket(Socket socket) {
            this.socket = socket;
        }

        public int getStatus() {
            return status;
        }

        public void setStatus(int status) {
            this.status = status;
        }

        public String read() {
            return msg;
        }

        public void setMsg(String msg) {
            this.msg = msg;
        }

        public void write(String msg) {
            SocketUtils.write(this.socket, msg);
        }
    }
}

而後咱們就能夠這樣使用它了

代碼2-6

public class NioServerTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        NioSocket server = new NioSocket();
        server.start(8081);
        while (true) {
            Iterator<SocketContext> socketContexts = server.getStatusChangedContext().iterator();
            while (socketContexts.hasNext()) {
                SocketContext context = socketContexts.next();
                socketContexts.remove();
                if (context.getStatus() == SocketContext.STATUS_READABLE) {
                    // 處理讀
                    System.out.println(context.read());
                    context.write("Ok");
                }
            }
        }


    }
}

代碼2-4代碼2-5邏輯跨越應該不大,這裏解釋下2-5的一些細節.

爲了讓NioSocket在後臺持續監聽咱們設定的端口,咱們將 socket = listenAccept(); handleSocket(socket);這兩個步驟放入一個單獨的線程。每次有客戶端接入,便會獲得一個新的socket,將這個新的socket加入到socketList中,而後在startChildHandler啓動的線程中遍歷全部socket,並判斷其狀態改變(可讀)。

爲了把業務控制權交於調用方,在本例中也就是NioSocketTest.test。我定義看一個變量statusChangedContext,若是有socket可讀,則將其包裝成SocketContext加入到statusChangedContext中取。這樣,調用方直接拿到statusChangedContext去遍歷,就能夠處理全部的socket的讀事件。

當調用方調用getStatusChangedContext()方法時,若是此時statusChangedContext爲空,則調用線程會被掛起,知道有可讀事件出現,調用線程被喚醒(statusChangedContext.notifyAll())

java nio實現

若是看官老爺讀了上面兩部分,那麼至少對nio的使用已經有所領悟了。上面咱們自制了一個nio 的socket,雖然只能對read事件做出反應,可是其餘的事件,好比,可寫、socket斷開等事件也是能夠按照這個思路去作的。那麼咱們就能夠無縫切入java nio了。

代碼2-7

public class NioServer {

    private Selector selector;
    private Selector chiledSelector;

    public void start(int port) throws IOException {
        // 經過open()方法找到Selector
        selector = Selector.open();
        chiledSelector = Selector.open();
        // 打開服務器套接字通道
        ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        // 服務器配置爲非阻塞
        ssc.configureBlocking(false);
        // 進行服務的綁定
        ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", port));
        // 註冊到selector,等待鏈接
        SelectionKey selectionKey = ssc.register(selector, 0);
        selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
            selector.select();
            Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator();
            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();
                if (!key.isValid()) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                    SocketChannel clientChannel = ssc.accept();
                    handleSocket(clientChannel);
                }
                keyIterator.remove(); //該事件已經處理,能夠丟棄
            }
        }
    }


    public Set<SelectionKey> getStatusChangedContext() throws IOException {
        chiledSelector.select();
        return chiledSelector.selectedKeys();
    }

    private void handleSocket(SocketChannel clientChannel) throws IOException {
        clientChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        clientChannel.register(chiledSelector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        System.out.println("a new client connected " + clientChannel.getRemoteAddress());
    }

    public void write(SelectionKey key, String msg) throws IOException, ClosedChannelException {
        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        System.out.println("write:" + msg);
        ByteBuffer sendBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        sendBuffer.clear();
        sendBuffer.put(msg.getBytes());
        sendBuffer.flip();
        channel.write(sendBuffer);
        channel.register(chiledSelector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
    }

    public String read(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        readBuffer.clear();
        int numRead;
        try {
            numRead = socketChannel.read(readBuffer);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            key.cancel();
            socketChannel.close();

            return null;
        }
        return new String(readBuffer.array(), 0, numRead);
    }
}

代碼2-8

public class NioServerTest {

    @Test
    public void test() throws IOException {
        NioServer server = new NioServer();
        server.start(8081);
        while (true) {
            Iterator<SelectionKey> socketContexts = server.getStatusChangedContext().iterator();
            while (socketContexts.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = socketContexts.next();
                socketContexts.remove();
                if ((key.readyOps() & SelectionKey.OP_READ) != 0) {
                    System.out.println(server.read(key));
                    server.write(key, "Ok");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
}

上面利用java nio寫的server跟咱們本身實現的nio寫的server效果是同樣的。咱們本身建立監聽客戶端線程,還有處理socket線程的工做,交給了java nio內部(固然不是簡單的起了兩個線程而已,我只是簡化了這個模型)。

在java nio中,socket不在是socket,而是SocketChannel,這裏你們暫時理解他倆等價吧。而後一個Selector就至關於一個線程,而後咱們將channel與selector經過register方法關聯起來,並指定咱們感興趣的事。注意:這裏跟咱們本身實現的nio有區別,咱們沒有提供註冊興趣事件,而是默認對可讀事件感興趣。而後咱們調selector.select()方法,一樣,這個方法沒有事件發生會阻塞。而後獲得事件集合去遍歷處理。

小節

這篇文章,咱們經過bio的socket本身經過線程和循環實現了服務端,並有了事件的概念。而後咱們又用Nio的方式去實現了相同的功能。經過兩種方式,咱們很天然的理解了Nio的使用及基本原理,下一章咱們將會更加細緻的學習Java NIO.

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