Spring Cloud 純乾貨，從入門到實戰
導讀
以前寫過一篇SpringCloud從入門到精通的點我直達，微服務基礎知識點我直達，今天咱們使用Spring Cloud模擬一個電商項目。分別有如下2個服務，商品、訂單。下面咱們開始叭html
技術棧
- SpringBoot整合SpringCloud
- 通訊方式：http restful
- 註冊中心：eruka
- 斷路器：hystrix
- 網關：zuul
商品服務
功能點
- 商品列表
- 商品詳情
訂單服務
功能點
- 個人訂單
- 下單接口
搭建Eureka Server
建立項目
項目結構
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>eureka_server</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>eureka_server</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
啓動類上加註解
application.properties
# 服務端口號
server.port=8761
# eureka主機名
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
# 指定當前主機是否須要向註冊中心註冊(不用，由於當前主機是Server，不是Client)
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
# 指定當前主機是否須要獲取註冊信息(不用，由於當前主機是Server，不是Client)
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
# 註冊中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
啓動服務並查看監控臺
搭建Eureka Client商品服務
建立項目
項目結構
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>product_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>product_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
application.properties
# 服務端口號
server.port=8771
# 服務名稱
spring.application.name=product_service
# 將服務註冊到註冊中心，eureka_service的地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/
ProductController.java
package com.ybchen.product_service.controller;
import com.ybchen.product_service.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @ClassName：ProductController
* @Description：商品
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/1 8:42 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/product")
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private ProductService productService;
/**
* 商品列表
*
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("list")
public Object list() {
return productService.listProduct();
}
/**
* 根據id查詢商品
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("findById")
public Object findById(@RequestParam("id") int id) {
return productService.findById(id);
}
}
Product.java
package com.ybchen.product_service.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @ClassName：Product
* @Description：商品實體類
* @Author：chenyb
* @Date：2020/11/1 8:43 下午
* @Versiion：1.0
*/
public class Product implements Serializable {
/**
* 內碼
*/
private String id;
/**
* 商品名稱
*/
private String name;
/**
* 價格，分爲單位
*/
private int price;
/**
* 庫存
*/
private int store;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public int getStore() {
return store;
}
public void setStore(int store) {
this.store = store;
}
public Product() {
}
public Product(String id, String name, int price, int store) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
this.store = store;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "product{" +
"id='" + id + '\'' +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", store=" + store +
'}';
}
}
ProductService.java
package com.ybchen.product_service.service; import com.ybchen.product_service.domain.Product; import java.util.List; /** * @ClassName：ProductService * @Description：商品service * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/1 8:45 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */ public interface ProductService { /** * 商品列表 * @return */ List<Product> listProduct(); /** * 根據id查詢商品 * @param id * @return */ Product findById(int id); }
ProductServiceImpl.java
package com.ybchen.product_service.service.impl; import com.ybchen.product_service.domain.Product; import com.ybchen.product_service.service.ProductService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.*; /** * @ClassName：ProductServiceImpl * @Description：ProductService實現類 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/1 8:47 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */ @Service public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService { //初始化內存商品數據。模擬數據庫中存儲的商品 private static final Map<Integer, Product> daoMap = new HashMap<>(); @Value("${server.port}") private String port; static { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { daoMap.put(i, new Product(i + "", "iphone_" + i, 1000 * i, 10)); } } @Override public List<Product> listProduct() { Collection<Product> values = daoMap.values(); return new ArrayList<>(values); } @Override public Product findById(int id) { Product product = daoMap.get(id); product.setName(product.getName()+"_"+port); return product; } }
ProductServiceApplication.java
package com.ybchen.product_service;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProductServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}
啓動並查看監控臺
啓動2個服務，並查看監控臺前端
搭建Eureka Client訂單服務
建立項目
項目結構
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>order_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>order_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
application.properties
# 服務端口號
server.port=8781
# 服務名稱
spring.application.name=order-service
# 將服務註冊到註冊中心，eureka_service的地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/
OrderServiceApplication.java
啓動類添加Ribbon註解java
@Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); }
package com.ybchen.order_service; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication public class OrderServiceApplication { /** * 負載均衡Ribbon * @return */ @Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderServiceApplication.class, args); } }
OrderController.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.controller; import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("api/v1/order") public class OrderController { @Autowired private ProductOrderService productOrderService; @RequestMapping("save") public Object save(@RequestParam("user_id")int userId,@RequestParam("product_id")int productId){ return productOrderService.save(userId,productId); } }
ProductOrder.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.domain; import java.util.Date; /** * 商品訂單實體類 */ public class ProductOrder { /** * 主鍵 */ private int id; /** * 商品名稱 */ private String productName; /** * 訂單流水號 */ private String tradeNo; /** * 價格，以分位單位 */ private int price; /** * 建立時間 */ private Date createTime; /** * 用戶id */ private String userId; /** * 用戶名稱 */ private String userName; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getProductName() { return productName; } public void setProductName(String productName) { this.productName = productName; } public String getTradeNo() { return tradeNo; } public void setTradeNo(String tradeNo) { this.tradeNo = tradeNo; } public int getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(int price) { this.price = price; } public Date getCreateTime() { return createTime; } public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) { this.createTime = createTime; } public String getUserId() { return userId; } public void setUserId(String userId) { this.userId = userId; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } @Override public String toString() { return "ProductOrder{" + "id=" + id + ", productName='" + productName + '\'' + ", tradeNo='" + tradeNo + '\'' + ", price=" + price + ", createTime=" + createTime + ", userId='" + userId + '\'' + ", userName='" + userName + '\'' + '}'; } }
ProductOrderService.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service; import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder; public interface ProductOrderService { ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId); }
ProductOrderServiceImpl.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service.impl; import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder; import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.UUID; /** * @ClassName：ProductOrderServiceImpl * @Description：產品訂單實現類 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/2 11:34 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */ @Service public class ProductOrderServiceImpl implements ProductOrderService { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; /** * 下單接口 * @param userId 用戶id * @param productId 產品id * @return */ @Override public ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId) { Object obj=productId; //get方式 Object forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/findById?id=" + productId, Object.class); //post方式 // Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>(); // map.put("id","1"); // String s = restTemplate.postForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/test", map, String.class); // System.out.println(s); System.out.println(forObject); //獲取商品詳情 ProductOrder productOrder=new ProductOrder(); productOrder.setTradeNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); productOrder.setCreateTime(new Date()); productOrder.setUserId(userId+""); return productOrder; } }
測試負載均衡
feign實戰
簡介
改造訂單服務，調用商品服務獲取商品信息nginx
官網例子
點我直達web
改造訂單服務
添加feign依賴
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>order_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>order_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--openfeign依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
啓動類上添加註解
啓動類上添加：@EnableFeignClientsspring
添加一個接口
ProductClient.java數據庫
package com.ybchen.order_service.service; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; /** * 商品服務客戶端 */ // name=商品服務的服務名==========》spring.application.name=product-service @FeignClient(name = "product-service") @RequestMapping("/api/v1/product") public interface ProductClient { @GetMapping("findById") String findById(@RequestParam("id") int id); }
修改ProductOrderServiceImpl.java
原先apache
package com.ybchen.order_service.service.impl; import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder; import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.UUID; /** * @ClassName：ProductOrderServiceImpl * @Description：產品訂單實現類 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/2 11:34 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */ @Service public class ProductOrderServiceImpl implements ProductOrderService { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; /** * 下單接口 * @param userId 用戶id * @param productId 產品id * @return */ @Override public ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId) { Object obj=productId; //get方式 Object forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/findById?id=" + productId, Object.class); //post方式 // Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>(); // map.put("id","1"); // String s = restTemplate.postForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/test", map, String.class); // System.out.println(s); System.out.println(forObject); //獲取商品詳情 ProductOrder productOrder=new ProductOrder(); productOrder.setTradeNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); productOrder.setCreateTime(new Date()); productOrder.setUserId(userId+""); return productOrder; } }
修改成json
package com.ybchen.order_service.service.impl; import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder; import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductClient; import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.Date; import java.util.UUID; /** * @ClassName：ProductOrderServiceImpl * @Description：產品訂單實現類 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/2 11:34 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */ @Service public class ProductOrderServiceImpl implements ProductOrderService { @Autowired private ProductClient productClient; /** * 下單接口 * * @param userId 用戶id * @param productId 產品id * @return */ @Override public ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId) { //-----------調用商品服務開始------------ String byId = productClient.findById(productId); System.out.println(byId); //-----------調用商品服務結束------------ //獲取商品詳情 ProductOrder productOrder = new ProductOrder(); productOrder.setTradeNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); productOrder.setCreateTime(new Date()); productOrder.setUserId(userId + ""); return productOrder; } }
測試商品服務
補充(設置服務調用超時時間)
默認鏈接10秒，讀取60秒，可是因爲hystrix默認是1秒超時api
官網案例，點我直達
application.properties
# 設置鏈接和讀取超時時間
feign.client.config.default.connect-timeout=5000
feign.client.config.default.read-timeout=1100
服務降級熔斷(Hystrix)
爲何要用？
在一個分佈式系統裏，一個服務依賴多個服務，可能存在某個服務調用失敗，好比超時、異常等，如何能保證在一個依賴出問題的狀況下，不會致使總體服務故障，能夠經過Hystrix來解決。
官網例子
修改訂單服務
添加依賴
<!--hystrix依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>order_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>order_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--openfeign依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <!--hystrix依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
啓動類加註解
@EnableCircuitBreaker
修改控制層
添加註解，@HystrixCommand，並定義回調方法，返回值、入參必須一致！！！！
入參、返回值，不一致會報錯
feign結合Hystrix
修改訂單服務
開啓hystrix
# 開啓hystrix
feign.hystrix.enabled=true
ProductClient.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service; import com.ybchen.order_service.fallback.ProductClientFallBack; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; /** * 商品服務客戶端 */ // name=商品服務的服務名==========》spring.application.name=product-service @FeignClient(name = "product-service",fallback = ProductClientFallBack.class) //@RequestMapping("/api/v1/product") public interface ProductClient { @GetMapping("/api/v1/product/findById") String findById(@RequestParam("id") int id); }
ProductClientFallBack.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.fallback; import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductClient; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * 針對商品服務，作降級處理 */ @Component public class ProductClientFallBack implements ProductClient { @Override public String findById(int id) { System.out.println("商品服務被降級了~~~~~~~"); return null; } }
驗證商品服務熔斷
爲何對商品服務作了熔斷，還返回這個結果呢，那是由於service實現類，內部發生了錯誤
熔斷降級服務報警通知(重要)
下面寫一些僞代碼，好比：xxx微服務掛了，而後經過短信、郵件的方式，通知相應的開發人員，緊急處理事故等。
修改訂單服務
修改hystrix超時時間
禁用超時時間(不推薦)
hystrix.command.default.execution.timeout.enabled=false
設置超時時間(推薦)
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=4000
源碼位置講解
經過這種方法，還能夠設置更多的hystrix默認值
斷路器Dashboard監控儀表盤
修改訂單服務
添加依賴
<!--hystrix儀表盤--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>order_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>order_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--openfeign依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <!--hystrix依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <!--hystrix儀表盤--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
啓動類上加註解
添加：@EnableHystrixDashboard
修改配置文件
# 暴露所有的監控信息
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
訪問儀表盤
http://127.0.0.1:8781/hystrix
http://127.0.0.1:8781/actuator/hystrix.stream
儀表盤實際工做中用處不大(仁者見仁智者見智)，純屬學習用，具體參數，請自行百度，只要把微服務熔斷/降級報警通知處理好，比啥都好👍
微服務網關Zuul
建立項目
項目結構
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.11.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>api-gateway</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId> <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
application.properties
server.port=8800
# 服務名稱
spring.application.name=api-gateway
# 將服務註冊到註冊中心，eureka_service的地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone:http://localhost:8761/eureka/
默認訪問規則
http://gateway:port/service-id/**
好比，原先下單地址：127.0.0.1:8781/api/v1/order/save?user_id=1&product_id=1
如今下單地址：127.0.0.1:8800/order-service/api/v1/order/save?user_id=1&product_id=1
自定義路由規則
添加application.properties信息
# 自定義路由規則，語法：zuul.routes.服務名=自定義路由
zuul.routes.order-service=/apigate/**
# 不讓默認的服務對外暴露接口，語法：zuul.ignored-patterns=服務名
zuul.ignored-patterns=/order-service/**
# 忽略全部服務
# zuul.ignored-patterns=*
處理http請求頭爲空的問題
默認zuul過濾3個值("Cookie", "Set-Cookie", "Authorization")，解決版本，設置爲不過濾
源碼解讀
添加屬性
# 處理http請求頭爲空的問題
zuul.sensitive-headers=
自定義Zuul過濾器之登陸鑑權
改造api-gateway項目
新建LoginFilter類
新建該類，並繼承ZuulFilter，重寫裏面的方法
package com.ybchen.apigateway.filter; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.PrintWriter; import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE; /** * @ClassName：LoginFilter * @Description：登陸過濾器 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/8 11:16 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */ @Component //讓Spring掃描到 public class LoginFilter extends ZuulFilter { /** * 過濾類型，有如下類型 * 一、pre * 二、route * 三、post * 四、error * * @return */ @Override public String filterType() { return PRE_TYPE; } /** * 過濾器順序，越小越先執行 * * @return */ @Override public int filterOrder() { return 4; } /** * 過濾器是否生效 * * @return */ @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { //一、獲取上下文 RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); //二、獲取HttpServletRequest HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest(); //三、拿到請求路徑，判斷是否進行攔截 //System.out.println(request.getRequestURL()); //http://127.0.0.1:8800/apigate/order/api/v1/order/save //System.out.println(request.getRequestURI()); ///apigate/order/api/v1/order/save String url = request.getRequestURI(); System.out.println("請求路徑url=========>" + url); if ((url == null ? "" : url.toLowerCase()).startsWith("/apigate/order")) { return true; } return false; } /** * 過濾器邏輯，業務邏輯 * * @return * @throws ZuulException */ @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException { System.out.println("請求被攔截啦=============="); //JWT方式 //一、獲取上下文 RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); //二、獲取HttpServletRequest HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest(); //三、拿到token String token = request.getHeader("token"); //請求頭拿token if (token == null || "".equals(token)) { token = request.getParameter("token"); //get方式拿token } //登陸校驗邏輯，這裏推薦JWT方式，作登陸鑑權 if (token == null || "".equals(token)) { //四、不讓繼續往下走 currentContext.setSendZuulResponse(false); //五、設置狀態碼，401，Unauthorized currentContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value()); sendJsonMessage(currentContext.getResponse(),"用戶未登陸"); } return null; } /** * 響應json數據給前端 * * @param response * @param obj */ private void sendJsonMessage(HttpServletResponse response, Object obj) { try { ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(); response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter(); writer.print(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj)); writer.close(); writer.flush(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
用戶登陸鑑權測試
補充
登陸鑑權，推薦使用JWT方式，下面我提供我以前的一個項目，JWT的工具類，和攔截器的部分關鍵代碼
<dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.7.0</version> </dependency>
package net.ybclass.online_ybclass.utils; import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims; import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts; import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm; import net.ybclass.online_ybclass.model.entity.User; import java.util.Date; /** * JWT工具類 * 注意點： * 一、生成的token，是能夠經過base64進行解密出銘文信息 * 二、base64進行解密出明文信息，修改再進行編碼，則會解密失敗 * 三、沒法做廢已頒佈的token，除非改密鑰 */ public class JWTUtils { /** * 過時時間，一週 */ static final long EXPIRE = 60000 * 60 * 24 * 7; /** * 加密密鑰 */ private static final String SECRET = "ybclass.net168"; /** * 令牌前綴 */ private static final String TOKEN_PREFIX = "ybclass"; /** * 主題 */ private static final String SUBJECT = "ybclass"; /** * 根據用戶信息，生成令牌 * * @param user * @return */ public static String geneJsonWebToken(User user) { String token = Jwts.builder().setSubject(SUBJECT) .claim("head_img", user.getHeadImg()) .claim("id", user.getId()) .claim("name", user.getName()) .setIssuedAt(new Date()) //令牌頒佈時間 .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE)) //過時時間 .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, SECRET) //加密方式 .compact(); token = TOKEN_PREFIX + token; return token; } /** * 校驗token方法 * * @param token * @return */ public static Claims checkJWT(String token) { try { final Claims claims = Jwts.parser() .setSigningKey(SECRET) .parseClaimsJws(token.replace(TOKEN_PREFIX, "")) .getBody(); return claims; } catch (Exception e) { return null; } } }
try {
String accesToken = request.getHeader("token");
if (accesToken == null) {
accesToken = request.getParameter("token");
}
if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(accesToken)) {
Claims claims = JWTUtils.checkJWT(accesToken);
if (claims == null) {
sendJsonMessage(response, JsonData.buildError("登錄過時，請從新登錄"));
//告訴登錄過時，從新登錄
return false;
}
Integer id = (Integer) claims.get("id");
String name = (String) claims.get("name");
request.setAttribute("user_id", id);
request.setAttribute("name", name);
return true;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
//登錄失敗
sendJsonMessage(response, JsonData.buildError("登錄過時，請從新登錄"));
return false;
=================
User user = userMapper.findByPhoneAndPwd(phone, CommonUtils.MD5(pwd));
return user == null ? null : JWTUtils.geneJsonWebToken(user);
網關Zuul接口限流
採用谷歌guava框架，網關限流
改造api-gateway項目
建立OrderRatelimiterFilter
而後繼承ZuulFilter，並使用springcloud繼承的guava技術，只針對訂單接口限流！！！
package com.ybchen.apigateway.filter; import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter; import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE; /** * @ClassName：OrderRateLimiterFilter * @Description：訂單接口限流 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/9 11:32 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */ public class OrderRateLimiterFilter extends ZuulFilter { //限流令牌，每秒建立多少令牌，注意：springcloud 默認集成guava private static final RateLimiter RATE_LIMITER = RateLimiter.create(1000); @Override public String filterType() { return PRE_TYPE; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return -4; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { //一、獲取上下文 RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); //二、獲取HttpServletRequest HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest(); String url = request.getRequestURI(); System.out.println("限流請求路徑url=========>" + url); //只對訂單接口限流 if ((url == null ? "" : url.toLowerCase()).startsWith("/apigate/order")) { return true; } return false; } @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException { RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest(); if (!RATE_LIMITER.tryAcquire()) { currentContext.setSendZuulResponse(false); currentContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value()); } return null; } }
Zuul集羣
技術棧：nginx+lvs+keepalive
案例源碼下載
連接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bNIh-8nSCMcU7FjVVzlBnA 密碼: 4wf9
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