django 學習筆記 （二）

2、Writing your first Django app, part 2

激活管理站點

1. 取消 settings.py 中 INSTALLED_APPS 中 admin 註釋
   'django.contrib.admin',

2. 使用south管理數據庫

   python manage.py schemamigration polls --auto
   python manage.py migrate polls

3. 設置 mysite/urls.py

   from django.contrib import admin
   admin.autodiscover()
   
   urlpatterns = patterns('',
       ...
       url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

4. 啓動服務器
   python manage.py runserver 訪問地址 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

增長 poll

1. 增長 polls/admin.py

   from django.contrib import admin
       from polls.models import Poll
   
       admin.site.register(Poll)

2. 定製管理界面(更改順序)

   a. 定義一個ModelAdmin類對象  
    b. 把該對象做爲註冊的第２個參數
   
           class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
               fields = ['pub_date', 'question']
   
           admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin)

3. 定製管理界面(分組)

   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
       fieldsets = [
           (None,               {'fields': ['question']}),
           ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date']}),
       ]

4. 定製管理界面(摺疊)

   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
           ...
           ('日期信息', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),

增長Choice

1. 內聯方式

   from django.contrib import admin
   from polls.models import Choice, Poll
   
   class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
       model = Choice
       extra = 3
   
   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
       fieldsets = [
           (None,               {'fields': ['question']}),
           ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
       ]
       inlines = [ChoiceInline]
   
   admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin)

2. 表格方式

   class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):

定製列表的管理界面

1. 普通顯示多列

   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        # ...
        list_display = ('question', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')

2. 方法設置屬性

   was_published_recently.admin_order_field = 'pub_date'
    was_published_recently.boolean = True
    was_published_recently.short_description = '是否最近發佈'

3. 增長一個過濾器

   list_filter = ['pub_date']

4. 增長搜索欄

   search_fields = ['question']

5. 日期分層過濾

   date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'

6. 完整的 PollAdmin　類

   class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
   
        fieldsets = [
            (None,               {'fields': ['question']}),
            ('日期信息', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
        ]
        inlines = [ChoiceInline]
        list_display = ('question', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
        list_filter = ['pub_date']
        search_fields = ['question']
        date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'

定製我的的項目模版

1.創建模版路徑並增長到 settings.py 中

1.1 django 的源文件在哪裏？

python -c "
import sys
sys.path = sys.path[1:]
import django
print(django.__path__)"

好比個人　virtualenvs　環境的django 的輸出結果就是：

~/.virtualenvs/djtest/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django

1.2 創建一個項目模版目錄並拷貝模版

在項目目錄創建一個模版路徑 templates，如今路徑結果：

~/djtest/mysite
    |---mysite
    |---polls
    |    |---migrations
    |---templates
    |        |---admin

從~/.virtualenvs/djtest/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/templates/admin

cp base_site.html ~/djtest/mysite/templates/admin/

1.3 更改 settings.py，增長模版的搜索路徑

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    '/home/***/djtest/mysite/templates/'
)