STP協議測試

 測試編號：STP-1

測試目的：測試STP的選舉過程

測試環境：

 

測試過程：

1、搭建一個環形的網絡拓撲；

2、給VLAN1配置優先級

測試方法1、

SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 65535

SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 4096

SW3(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0

測試方法1的結果:

SW1#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        43 (FastEthernet1/2)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    65535

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 BLK    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.41

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 FWD     0     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.42

F1/1 爲阻塞端口  F1/2爲根端口

SW2#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    4096

             Address     c201.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/0      128.41   128    19 FWD    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.41

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

F1/0 爲指定端口  F1/1爲根端口

SW3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.42

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 FWD     0     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

F1/1爲指定端口  F1/2爲指定端口

測試預期效果：SW3爲根網橋，SW2爲備份根網橋，阻塞端口爲SW1的F1/2

測試結果：SW3爲根網橋，SW2爲備份根網橋，阻塞端口爲SW1的F1/2

測試方法2、

R1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0

R2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 4096

R3(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 65535

 

 

測試方法2的結果：

SW1#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             This bridge is the root

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.42

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

 

SW2#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        41 (FastEthernet1/0)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    4096

             Address     c201.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/0      128.41   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.42

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.42

 

SW3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    65535

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 BLK    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.42

 

測試預期效果：SW1爲根網橋，SW2爲備份根網橋，阻塞端口爲SW3的F1/2

測試結果：SW1爲根網橋，SW2爲備份根網橋，阻塞端口爲SW3的F1/2

測試結果分析：

在選舉根網橋，備份根網橋時，越小越優先

測試示例：

 

 

 

測試目的：STP的狀態轉換

測試環境：如上圖

測試過程：

1、搭建一個環形的網絡拓撲；

2、給VLAN1配置優先級

測試方法：

SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0

SW2(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 4096

SW3(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 0

3、查看結果;

SW3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    65535

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 BLK    19  4096 c201.0e48.0000 128.42

 

BLK 阻塞狀態：接收BPDU但不轉發BPDU，不接收數據也不轉發數據，不學習MAC地址

 

R3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 LIS    19     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

 

LIS 監聽狀態：接收BPDU也轉發BPDU，不接收數據也不轉發數據，不學習MAC地址

 

R3#show spanning-tree bri

 

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 LRN    19     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

 

LRN 學習狀態：接收BPDU也轉發BPDU，接收數據但不轉發數據，學習MAC地址

 

R3#show spanning-tree bri

VLAN1

  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

  Root ID    Priority    0

             Address     c200.0e48.0000

             Cost        19

             Port        42 (FastEthernet1/1)

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

 

  Bridge ID  Priority    0

             Address     c202.0e48.0000

             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

             Aging Time 300

 

Interface                                   Designated

Name                 Port ID Prio Cost  Sts Cost  Bridge ID            Port ID

-------------------- ------- ---- ----- --- ----- -------------------- -------

FastEthernet1/1      128.42   128    19 FWD     0     0 c200.0e48.0000 128.43

FastEthernet1/2      128.43   128    19 FWD    19     0 c202.0e48.0000 128.43

 

FWD 轉發狀態：接收BPDU也轉發BPDU，接收數據也轉發數據，學習MAC地址

 

測試預期效果：STP的狀態變化：BLK－>LIS－>LRN－>FWD

測試結果：STP的狀態變化：BLK－>LIS－>LRN－>FWD

          STP的狀態時間：    20S   15S    15S

測試結果分析：

STP有四個狀態：阻塞狀態、監聽狀態、學習狀態、轉發狀態

阻塞狀態：接收BPDU但不轉發BPDU，不接收數據也不轉發數據，不學習MAC地址

監聽狀態：接收BPDU也轉發BPDU，不接收數據也不轉發數據，不學習MAC地址

學習狀態：接收BPDU也轉發BPDU，接收數據但不轉發數據，學習MAC地址

轉發狀態：接收BPDU也轉發BPDU，接收數據也轉發數據，學習MAC地址