路由網關---zuul

Zuul:Zuul 是在雲平臺上提供動態路由,監控,彈性,安全等邊緣服務的框架。Zuul 至關因而設備和 Netflix 流應用的 Web 網站後端全部請求的前門。java

在微服務盛行的時代,客戶端與系統之間的交互基本上以下圖:git

客戶端想要請求到服務,首先請求到zuul網關,而後zuul網管將請求分發到對應的服務去。web

新建一個springcloud_zuul(8766),pom文件加入zuul依賴,pom文件完整代碼以下:spring

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.dalaoyang</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud_zuul</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud_zuul</name>
    <description>springcloud_zuul</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Edgware.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>
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而後在啓動類上添加@EnableZuulProxy啓動zuul,完整代碼以下:apache

package com.dalaoyang;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class SpringcloudZuulApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudZuulApplication.class, args);
	}

}

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在配置文件加入以下配置:json

##端口號
server.port=8766

##服務名稱
spring.application.name=service-zuul

##註冊中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://eureka.dalaoyang.cn/eureka/


##zuul路由轉發 service-a轉發到service_ribbon
zuul.routes.service-a.path=/service-a/**

zuul.routes.service-a.service-id=service_ribbon

##zuul路由轉發 service-b轉發到service
zuul.routes.service-b.path=/service-b/**

zuul.routes.service-b.service-id=service

複製代碼

而後分別啓動以前service(8762),service_ribbon(8764)和springcloud_zuul(8766)。後端

先看一下eureka.dalaoyang.cn,以下:瀏覽器

而後在瀏覽器上分別訪問http://localhost:8766/service-a,以下安全

http://localhost:8766/service-b,以下bash

zuul網關的簡單配置到這裏基本上完成了。

而後介紹一個zuul的過濾器,新建一個過濾器的類RequestLogFilter,這個類須要繼承ZuulFilter,須要實現幾個方法。

filterType:這個方法返回過濾器的類型,pre(路由前執行),route(路由中執行),post(路由後執行),error(發生錯誤後執行)

filterOrder:返回一個int來指定過濾器的執行順序

shouldFilter:返回boolean值來決定過濾器是否執行,true執行,false不執行。

run:過濾器要執行的操做。

本項目中過濾器代碼以下:

package com.dalaoyang.filter;

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;


/**
 * @author dalaoyang
 * @Description
 * @project springcloud_learn
 * @package com.dalaoyang.filter
 * @email yangyang@dalaoyang.cn
 * @date 2018/4/22
 */
public class RequestLogFilter extends ZuulFilter {

    Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestLogFilter.class);

    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return "pre";
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public Object run() {
        RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = requestContext.getRequest();
        logger.info("請求路徑:"+httpServletRequest.getRequestURL().toString());
        return null;
    }
}
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修改一下啓動類:

package com.dalaoyang;

import com.dalaoyang.filter.RequestLogFilter;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class SpringcloudZuulApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudZuulApplication.class, args);
	}

	@Bean
	public RequestLogFilter requestLogFilter(){
		return new RequestLogFilter();
	}
}

複製代碼

在重啓項目,訪問http://localhost:8766/service-a,而後看控制檯能夠看到以下圖:

有時會出現這樣的狀況,好比本文的service實例down了,以下圖這種狀況

那麼在訪問,就會沒法轉發,其實zuul也提供了失敗回調的方法。 新建一個ServiceFallback類實現ZuulFallbackProvider接口,須要重寫2個方法。

其中getRoute方法中能夠指定爲哪一個微服務回退,*爲全部服務。

代碼以下:

package com.dalaoyang.fallback;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**
 * @author dalaoyang
 * @Description
 * @project springcloud_learn
 * @package com.dalaoyang.fallback
 * @email yangyang@dalaoyang.cn
 * @date 2018/4/22
 */
@Component
public class ServiceFallback implements ZuulFallbackProvider {

    @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        return "*";
    }

    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
        return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            @Override
            public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK;
            }

            @Override
            public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return this.getStatusCode().value();
            }

            @Override
            public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
                return this.getStatusCode().getReasonPhrase();
            }

            @Override
            public void close() {

            }

            @Override
            public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
                return new ByteArrayInputStream("當前訪問服務不可用!".getBytes());
            }

            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
                MediaType mediaType = new MediaType("application", "json",
                        Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
                httpHeaders.setContentType(mediaType);
                return httpHeaders;
            }
        };
    }
}
複製代碼

重啓項目,訪問http://localhost:8766/service-a以下圖所示:

源碼下載 :大老楊碼雲

我的網站:www.dalaoyang.cn

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