PostgreSQL數據庫如今變得愈來愈流行,在DB-Engines網站(https://db-engines.com/en/ranking ),排名第四,本人所在的公司也是極力推廣PG數據庫,開源社區中,PG的活躍度也是很是高,本文簡單介紹一下pg數據庫的幾種安裝方法。linux
本文總結了PostgreSQL數據庫的三種安裝方法,都是基於CentOS7.6版原本進行,能夠經過/etc/redhat-release來查看具體的版本。sql
[root@pgDatabase ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
對於數據庫的目錄規劃,並無嚴格的規定,可是生產環境中,仍是建議將數據目錄放在掛載的盤中,防止因爲系統的問題致使數據庫沒法啓動,數據丟失。數據庫
目錄 | 存放位置 |
---|---|
home目錄 | /home/postgres |
安裝目錄 | /usr/local/ |
數據目錄 | /data/pgdata |
安裝文件介紹和下載連接,默認版本爲pg9.6。bootstrap
安裝方式 | 安裝包名稱 | 下載地址 |
---|---|---|
tar.gz文件解壓直接安裝 | postgresql-9.6.13-4-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz | https://www.enterprisedb.com/download-postgresql-binaries |
源碼編譯安裝 | postgresql-9.6.10.tar.gz | http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/ |
Rpm包安裝 | postgresql-server、postgresql-contrib、postgresql-libs、postgresql | https://yum.postgresql.org/9.6/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/ |
useradd postgres passwd postgres
登錄一下,讓系統建立家目錄bash
su - postgres
mkdir -p /data/pgdata chown -R postgres:postgres /data/pgdata/ chmod -R 775 /data/pgdata/
tar -xzvf postgresql-9.6.13-4-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz -C /data/ chown -R postgres /data/pgsql
解壓後的文件夾名字是pgsql服務器
建立軟鏈接ide
cd /usr/local ln -s /data/pgsql pgsql
配置環境變量post
cd /home/postgres vi .bash_profile # 在path後面添加數據庫的bin目錄方便啓動數據庫 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
su - postgres initdb -D /data/pgdata/
修改配置文件網站
cd /data/pgdata/ vi postgresql.conf # 將該條配置反註釋,將localhost改爲* listen_addresses = '*'
修改訪問控制文件this
vi pg_hba.conf # IPv4 local connections: host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
說明:
# METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi", # "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" or "cert". Note that # "password" sends passwords in clear text; "md5" is preferred since # it sends encrypted passwords.
關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld
[postgres@pgDatabase ~]$ pg_ctl -D /data/pgdata/ -l logfile start server starting
進入數據庫修改postgres密碼
psql postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres'; ALTER ROLE
這樣就算所有完成了,遠程也能夠鏈接數據庫了。
若是服務器能夠聯網,可使用wget命令來下載。或者從網站上下載而後傳到服務器也能夠。
wget http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.6.13/postgresql-9.6.13.tar.gz
安裝前必需要保證gcc編譯器已經安裝好。可使用rpm -qa gcc檢查。
yum install gcc make openssl zlib-devel -y
tar -xzvf postgresql-9.6.13.tar.gz -C /usr/local
cd /usr/local/postgresql-9.6.13/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql
問題
... configure: error: readline library not found If you have readline already installed, see config.log for details on the failure. It is possible the compiler isn't looking in the proper directory. Use --without-readline to disable readline support. ...
按照提示後面加上便可--without-readline
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql --without-readline
安裝,該過程比較長,通常在5~10分鐘左右,安裝完後,會在/usr/local目錄下看到pgsql文件夾,也就是安裝完後的數據庫的位置。
make && make install
useradd postgres passwd postgres
登錄一下,讓系統建立家目錄
su - postgres
配置環境變量
cd /home/postgres vi .bash_profile # 在path後面添加數據庫的bin目錄方便啓動數據庫 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
mkdir -p /data/pgdata chown -R postgres:postgres /data/pgdata/ chmod -R 700 /data/pgdata/
su - postgres initdb -D /data/pgdata/
輸出如下內容則代表成功。
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /data/pgdata ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb. Success. You can now start the database server using: pg_ctl -D /data/pgdata/ -l logfile start
修改配置文件
cd /data/pgdata/ vi postgresql.conf # 將該條配置反註釋,將localhost改爲* listen_addresses = '*'
修改訪問控制文件
vi pg_hba.conf # IPv4 local connections: host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
說明:
# METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi", # "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" or "cert". Note that # "password" sends passwords in clear text; "md5" is preferred since # it sends encrypted passwords.
關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld
[postgres@pgDatabase ~]$ pg_ctl -D /data/pgdata/ -l logfile start server starting
進入數據庫修改postgres密碼
psql postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres'; ALTER ROLE
這樣就算所有完成了,遠程也能夠鏈接數據庫了。
使用rpm安裝須要下載上面所列出的4個rpm包,下載的時候須要注意版本的一致。
wget https://yum.postgresql.org/9.6/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/postgresql96-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm wget https://yum.postgresql.org/9.6/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/postgresql96-libs-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm wget https://yum.postgresql.org/9.6/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/postgresql96-contrib-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm wget https://yum.postgresql.org/9.6/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/postgresql96-server-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
yum install gcc make openssl zlib-devel libxslt -y
注意,須要依次安裝,包之間有依賴關係。
[root@mydb ~]# rpm -ivh postgresql96-libs-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm warning: postgresql96-libs-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:postgresql96-libs-9.6.13-1PGDG.rh################################# [100%] [root@mydb ~]# rpm -ivh postgresql96-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm warning: postgresql96-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:postgresql96-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7 ################################# [100%] [root@mydb ~]# rpm -ivh postgresql96-server-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm warning: postgresql96-server-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:postgresql96-server-9.6.13-1PGDG.################################# [100%] [root@mydb ~]# rpm -ivh postgresql96-contrib-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm warning: postgresql96-contrib-9.6.13-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:postgresql96-contrib-9.6.13-1PGDG################################# [100%]
mkdir -p /data/pgdata chown -R postgres:postgres /data/pgdata/ chmod -R 775 /data/pgdata/
配置環境變量
cd /home/postgres vi .bash_profile # 在path後面添加數據庫的bin目錄方便啓動數據庫 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/
su - postgres cd /usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/ initdb -D /data/pgdata/
修改配置文件
cd /data/pgdata/ vi postgresql.conf # 將該條配置反註釋,將localhost改爲* listen_addresses = '*'
修改訪問控制文件
vi pg_hba.conf # IPv4 local connections: host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
說明:
# METHOD can be "trust", "reject", "md5", "password", "gss", "sspi", # "ident", "peer", "pam", "ldap", "radius" or "cert". Note that # "password" sends passwords in clear text; "md5" is preferred since # it sends encrypted passwords.
關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld
[postgres@pgDatabase ~]$ pg_ctl -D /data/pgdata/ -l logfile start server starting
進入數據庫修改postgres密碼
psql postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres'; ALTER ROLE
這樣就算所有完成了,遠程也能夠鏈接數據庫了。
以上三種方法就是最經常使用的安裝數據庫的方式,固然也有更爲簡單的是直接yum install postgresql,可是這種方法只適合臨時進行部署一個,不推薦做爲生產環境,通常生產環境還會根據實際狀況配置高可用的主從方式,採用流複製的方式來提升數據庫可用性。