java基礎系列--Date類

原創做品,能夠轉載,可是請標註出處地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/V1haoge/p/7126930.htmlhtml

一、Date類概述java

  Date類是從JDK1.1就開始存在的老類,其提供了針對日期進行操做的諸多方法,但其卻一直飽受詬病,不一樣的起始編號,國際化的低支持,JDK官方也認識到這個問題,後臺提出使用Calendar類進行日期操做,日期的格式化交給DateFormat,雖然咱們已經再也不使用Date類中的大多數方法,可是還有一部分保留的內容指的咱們一談。post

二、構造器this

  Date類以前有6大構造器,其中四個已經標註棄用,咱們我再也不看他,咱們重點看另外兩個:url

 1     /**
 2      * Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it so that
 3      * it represents the time at which it was allocated, measured to the
 4      * nearest millisecond.
 5      *
 6      * @see     java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis()
 7      */
 8     public Date() {
 9         this(System.currentTimeMillis());
10     }
11 
12     /**
13      * Allocates a <code>Date</code> object and initializes it to
14      * represent the specified number of milliseconds since the
15      * standard base time known as "the epoch", namely January 1,
16      * 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.
17      *
18      * @param   date   the milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.
19      * @see     java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis()
20      */
21     public Date(long date) {
22         fastTime = date;
23     }

  第一個構造器是無參構造器,經過調用System的currentTimeMillis()方法來獲取當前時間戳,這個時間戳是從1970年到當前時間的毫秒級數據,第二個構造器,能夠將一個毫秒級的數據定義爲Date格式的日期。spa

三、經常使用方法rest

  Date中定義了諸多的日期操做方法,可是大多數都已棄用,只剩餘爲數很少的幾個方法:code

  /**
     * Returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT
     * represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object.
     *
     * @return  the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT
     *          represented by this date.
     */
    public long getTime() {
        return getTimeImpl();
    }

    /**
     * Sets this <code>Date</code> object to represent a point in time that is
     * <code>time</code> milliseconds after January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT.
     *
     * @param   time   the number of milliseconds.
     */    
    public void setTime(long time) {
        fastTime = time;
        cdate = null;
    }
    /**
     * Tests if this date is before the specified date.
     *
     * @param   when   a date.
     * @return  <code>true</code> if and only if the instant of time
     *            represented by this <tt>Date</tt> object is strictly
     *            earlier than the instant represented by <tt>when</tt>;
     *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>when</code> is null.
     */
    public boolean before(Date when) {
        return getMillisOf(this) < getMillisOf(when);
    }
    /**
     * Tests if this date is after the specified date.
     *
     * @param   when   a date.
     * @return  <code>true</code> if and only if the instant represented
     *          by this <tt>Date</tt> object is strictly later than the
     *          instant represented by <tt>when</tt>;
     *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>when</code> is null.
     */
    public boolean after(Date when) {
        return getMillisOf(this) > getMillisOf(when);
    }

  上面顯示的四個方法是Date類中如今還在使用的幾個經常使用方法:orm

    long getTime()方法:返回從1970年00:00:00到Date對象所表明時間的毫秒級數據htm

    void setTime(long time)方法:設置一個Date對象用來表明從1970年00:00:00開始的一段毫秒級數據後所表明的時間點

    boolean before(Date when)方法:判斷Date對象所表明的時間點是否在when所表明的時間點以前

    boolean after(Date when)方法:判斷Date對象所表明的時間點是否在when所表明的時間點以後

四、其餘

  Date類實現了java.io.Serializable接口,能夠執行序列化與反序列化操做,在Date類中定義了writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s)方法和readObject(ObjectInputStream s)方法,分別用於在Date對象進行序列化和反序列化操做時將對象所表明的時間戳(long型數據)進行保存與獲取,由於fastTime字段採用transient修飾,其內容會被序列化機制過濾掉,而這個字段內保存的是Date對象所表明時間的時間戳(long型)

有關內容詳情見《Java經常使用API解析——序列化API(一)

 1     private transient long fastTime;
 2 
 3     /**
 4      * Save the state of this object to a stream (i.e., serialize it).
 5      *
 6      * @serialData The value returned by <code>getTime()</code>
 7      *             is emitted (long).  This represents the offset from
 8      *             January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT in milliseconds.
 9      */
10     private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s)
11          throws IOException
12     {
13         s.writeLong(getTimeImpl());
14     }
15 
16     /**
17      * Reconstitute this object from a stream (i.e., deserialize it).
18      */
19     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)
20          throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
21     {
22         fastTime = s.readLong();
23     }

五、實例解析:

 1     public static void main(String[] args) {
 2         Date now = new Date();//獲取當前時間
 3         Date when = new Date(10201020097865L);//根據時間戳定義指定時間點
 4         boolean b1 = now.after(when);
 5         boolean b2 = now.before(when);
 6         Long d1 = now.getTime();
 7         Long d2 = when.getTime();
 8         
 9         System.out.println("now值爲:"+now);
10         System.out.println("when值爲:"+when);
11         System.out.println("b1值爲:"+b1);
12         System.out.println("b2值爲:"+b2);
13         System.out.println("d1值爲:"+d1);
14         System.out.println("d2值爲:"+d2);
15         
16     }

結果爲:

now值爲:Thu Jul 06 13:39:12 CST 2017
when值爲:Tue Apr 04 16:41:37 CST 2293
b1值爲:false
b2值爲:true
d1值爲:1499319552116
d2值爲:10201020097865

 六、總結

  Date類如今並不推薦使用,Java推薦了Calendar和DateFormat,甚至SimpleDateFormat來替代它,Date中僅剩的幾個方法仍然還很實用,尤爲是before與after方法,能夠很方便的判斷兩個時間點的前後,固然判斷的條件是將你的時間轉換成Date格式,使用Date剩餘的兩個構造器實現便可,固然也可使用推薦的SimpleDateFormat方法進行簡單的格式化日期格式字符串的方式獲得Date格式的時間點,這些會在稍後瞭解到!

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