Android4.0 WiFi 源碼解讀

網上對android WiFi源碼解讀的帖子也有很多,但大部分是android 2.3左右。最近研究了下android4.0 的WiFi源碼,發現跟2.3的仍是相差蠻大的,因此在此記錄下,以便跟你們一塊兒分享,探討。 html

本文主要討論的類及相關位置以下: java

01 Wifi Application代碼:
02     packages/apps/Settings/src/com/android/settings/wifi
03     (WifiEnabler.java、WifiSetting.java)
04  
05 Android系統啓動過程
06     frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server
07     (SystemServer.java、WifiService.java)
08  
09 Wifi Framework:
10     frameworks/base/wifi/java/android/net/wifi 
11     (IWifiManager.aidl、WifiManager.java、WifiStateMachine.java、WifiNative.java)
12     frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server
13  
14 Wifi JNI:
15     frameworks/base/core/jni/android_net_wifi_Wifi.cpp
16  
17 Wifi Hardware:
18     hardware/libhardware_legacy/wifi/wifi.c

一、從SystemServer.java提及,系統剛啓動時,怎麼啓動wifi服務的 android

01 classServerThreadextendsThread {
02     privatestaticfinalString TAG ="SystemServer";
03  
04     @Override
05     publicvoidrun() {
06  
07         wifi =newWifiService(context);
08         ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifi);
09  
10         connectivity =newConnectivityService(
11                 context, networkManagement, networkStats, networkPolicy);
12         ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, connectivity);
13         wifi.checkAndStartWifi();
14  
15         location =newLocationManagerService(context);
16         ServiceManager.addService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE, location);
17  
18         }
19 }
20 publicclassSystemServer {
21     privatestaticfinalString TAG ="SystemServer";
22     nativepublicstaticvoidinit1(String[] args);
23  
24     publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {
25         System.loadLibrary("android_servers");
26         init1(args);
27     }
28     publicstaticfinalvoidinit2() {
29         Slog.i(TAG,"Entered the Android system server!");
30         Thread thr =newServerThread();
31         thr.setName("android.server.ServerThread");
32         thr.start();
33     }
34 }

在SystemThread中經過ServiceManager.addService()會添加註冊各類服務(wifi、location、connectivity、bluetooth、、)
其 中ConnectivityService鏈接服務,它跟全部手機的無線通訊都有聯繫,包括wifi,藍牙,2g網絡,3g網絡等。而後 SystemServer會加載"android servers"的本地庫(位於/frameworks/base/cmds/system server/library),其中會調用init2方法啓動SystemThread。 網絡

系統啓動時就完成以上動做,當全部服務正常啓動後,系統就開始作好運行新的應用程序的準備。 app

二、再到手機設置界面開啓Wifi ide

進入wifi設置界面,相關文件WifiSettings.java 函數

開啓Wifi的組件是一個CompoundButton,跟它關聯起來的是一個WifiEnabler.java類,它是在WifiSettings裏面初始化的 ui

1 publicvoidonActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
2             mWifiEnabler =newWifiEnabler(activity, actionBarSwitch);
3  
4 }

當用戶點擊wifi的開啓按鈕時候,會觸發WifiEnabler裏面的onCheckedChanged函數 spa

1 publicvoidonCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,booleanisChecked) {
2  
3     if(mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(isChecked)) {
4         mSwitch.setEnabled(false);
5      }else{
6             Toast.makeText(mContext, R.string.wifi_error, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
7 }

在onCheckedChanged函數裏面,調用了WifiManager的setWifiEnabled方法 .net

1 publicbooleansetWifiEnabled(booleanenabled) {
2     try{
3         returnmService.setWifiEnabled(enabled);
4     }catch(RemoteException e) {
5         returnfalse;
6     }
7 }

它返回的是mService.setWifiEnabled(enabled),這裏的mService是WifiService的代理,因此它實際調用的是wifiService裏面的setWifiEnabled函數

1 publicclassWifiServiceextendsIWifiManager.Stub

咱們能夠看到WifiService繼承一個接口IWifiManager.Stub,凡是繼承了像這種形式寫法的接口服務,均可以進行遠程調用,這就是Android內部的aidl通訊。接下來進入wifiservice

1 publicsynchronizedbooleansetWifiEnabled(booleanenable) {
2  
3     mWifiStateMachine.setWifiEnabled(enable);
4  
5 }

能夠看到,又進入WifiStateMachine的setWifiEnabled方法,mWifiStateMachine是在Wifiservice的構造函數完成初始化 的

1 WifiService(Context context) {
2  
3     mWifiStateMachine =newWifiStateMachine(mContext, mInterfaceName);
4  
5 }

在android4.0中的Wifi啓動過程當中,WifiStateMachine是一個很是重要的類,下面咱們介紹一個這個類。
WifiStateMachine繼承了StateMachine這個類,它是一個wifi狀態機,其中包含了好多狀態:DefaultState、InitialState、DriverLoadingState、DriverLoadedState、DriverUnloadingState、DriverUnloadedState、DriverFailedState。每種狀態都有enter()、exit()、processMessage()3個函數,分別處理進入該狀態,退出該狀態的動做,以及消息處理。
關於WifiStateMachine詳細的解讀參考:WifiStateMachine詳細解讀

01 publicclassWifiStateMachineextendsStateMachine {
02  
03     publicWifiStateMachine(Context context, String wlanInterface) {
04         addState(mDefaultState);
05             addState(mInitialState, mDefaultState);
06             addState(mDriverUnloadingState, mDefaultState);
07             addState(mDriverUnloadedState, mDefaultState);
08                 addState(mDriverFailedState, mDriverUnloadedState);
09             addState(mDriverLoadingState, mDefaultState);
10             addState(mDriverLoadedState, mDefaultState);
11             addState(mSupplicantStartingState, mDefaultState);
12             addState(mSupplicantStartedState, mDefaultState);
13                 addState(mDriverStartingState, mSupplicantStartedState);
14                 addState(mDriverStartedState, mSupplicantStartedState);
15                     addState(mScanModeState, mDriverStartedState);
16                     addState(mConnectModeState, mDriverStartedState);
17                         addState(mConnectingState, mConnectModeState);
18                         addState(mConnectedState, mConnectModeState);
19                         addState(mDisconnectingState, mConnectModeState);
20                         addState(mDisconnectedState, mConnectModeState);
21                         addState(mWaitForWpsCompletionState, mConnectModeState);
22                 addState(mDriverStoppingState, mSupplicantStartedState);
23                 addState(mDriverStoppedState, mSupplicantStartedState);
24             addState(mSupplicantStoppingState, mDefaultState);
25             addState(mSoftApStartingState, mDefaultState);
26             addState(mSoftApStartedState, mDefaultState);
27                 addState(mTetheredState, mSoftApStartedState);
28             addState(mWaitForP2pDisableState, mDefaultState);
29  
30         setInitialState(mInitialState);
31  
32         if(DBG) setDbg(true);
33  
34         //start the state machine
35         start();
36     }
37

在進入WifiStateMachine的初始狀態爲:setInitialState(mInitialState),下面是InitialState類:

01 classInitialStateextendsState {
02     @Override
03     publicvoidenter() {
04         if(WifiNative.isDriverLoaded()) {
05             transitionTo(mDriverLoadedState);
06         }
07         else{
08             transitionTo(mDriverUnloadedState);
09         }
10     }
11 }

這裏經過WifiNative.isDriverLoaded()判斷wifi的驅動是已經加載,若是加載就將狀態轉到mDriverLoadedState,否則將狀態轉到mDriverUnloadedState。WifiNative這個類稍微講解。

下面回到:mWifiStateMachine.setWifiEnabled(enable);

1 publicvoidsetWifiEnabled(booleanenable) {
2     if(enable) {
3         sendMessage(obtainMessage(CMD_LOAD_DRIVER, WIFI_STATE_ENABLING,0));
4         sendMessage(CMD_START_SUPPLICANT);
5     }else{
6         sendMessage(CMD_STOP_SUPPLICANT);
7         sendMessage(obtainMessage(CMD_UNLOAD_DRIVER, WIFI_STATE_DISABLED,0));
8     }
9 }

無論enble爲什麼值,都會向狀態機發送兩個消息,一個是load/unload wifi驅動,一個是start/stop配置文件。因爲從WifiService進入WifiStateMachine時,構造函數先進入了 InitialState狀態,因爲最開始wifi驅動是沒有加載的,因此mDriverUnloadedState,

01 classDriverUnloadedStateextendsState {
02     @Override
03     publicbooleanprocessMessage(Message message) { 
04         switch(message.what) {
05             caseCMD_LOAD_DRIVER:
06                 mWifiP2pChannel.sendMessage(WIFI_ENABLE_PENDING);
07                 transitionTo(mWaitForP2pDisableState);
08                 break;
09             caseWifiP2pService.P2P_ENABLE_PENDING:
10                 mReplyChannel.replyToMessage(message, P2P_ENABLE_PROCEED);
11                 break;
12             default:
13                 returnNOT_HANDLED;
14         }
15     }
16 }

這裏處理了剛纔setWifiEnabled發送的消息CMD_LOAD_DRIVER;而後轉向mWaitForP2pDisableState;

01 classWaitForP2pDisableStateextendsState {
02     @Override
03     publicbooleanprocessMessage(Message message) {
04         if(DBG) log(getName() + message.toString() +"\n");
05         switch(message.what) {
06             caseWifiP2pService.WIFI_ENABLE_PROCEED:
07                //restore argument from original message (CMD_LOAD_DRIVER)
08                 message.arg1 = mSavedArg;
09                 transitionTo(mDriverLoadingState);
10                 break;
11             caseCMD_LOAD_DRIVER:
12             caseCMD_UNLOAD_DRIVER:
13             caseCMD_START_SUPPLICANT:
14             caseCMD_STOP_SUPPLICANT:
15             caseCMD_START_AP:
16             caseCMD_STOP_AP:
17                 deferMessage(message);
18                 break;
19             default:
20                 returnNOT_HANDLED;
21         }
22     }
23 }

而後繼續轉到狀態mDriverLoadingState;

01 classDriverLoadingStateextendsState {
02     @Override
03     publicvoidenter() {
04         newThread(newRunnable() {
05             publicvoidrun() {
06                 mWakeLock.acquire();
07                 //enabling state
08                 switch(message.arg1) {
09                     caseWIFI_STATE_ENABLING:
10                         setWifiState(WIFI_STATE_ENABLING);
11                         break;
12                     caseWIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLING:
13                         setWifiApState(WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLING);
14                         break;
15                 }
16  
17                 if(WifiNative.loadDriver()) {
18                     if(DBG) log("Driver load successful");
19                     sendMessage(CMD_LOAD_DRIVER_SUCCESS);
20                 }else{
21                     loge("Failed to load driver!");
22  
23                 mWakeLock.release();
24             }
25         }).start();
26     }
27

完成兩個動做一、 setWifiState(WIFI_STATE_ENABLING);二、WifiNative.loadDriver();

下面講解WifiNative。

01 publicclassWifiNative {
02  
03 publicnativestaticbooleanloadDriver();
04  
05 publicnativestaticbooleanisDriverLoaded();
06  
07 publicnativestaticbooleanunloadDriver();
08  
09 publicnativestaticbooleanstartSupplicant();
10  
11 、、、、、、、、、、、、
12

在WifiNative中的函數有好大一部分都是native函數,熟悉android JNI的同窗都知道,這些函數的實現都在本地實現。
這些函數的實現都在/frameworks/base/core/jni目錄下的 android_net_wifi_Wifi.cpp中。

01 staticjboolean android_net_wifi_isDriverLoaded(JNIEnv* env, jobject)
02     {
03         return(jboolean)(::is_wifi_driver_loaded() == 1);
04     }
05  
06     staticjboolean android_net_wifi_loadDriver(JNIEnv* env, jobject)
07     {
08         return(jboolean)(::wifi_load_driver() == 0);
09     }
10  
11     staticjboolean android_net_wifi_unloadDriver(JNIEnv* env, jobject)
12     {
13         return(jboolean)(::wifi_unload_driver() == 0);
14     }
15  
16     staticjboolean android_net_wifi_startSupplicant(JNIEnv* env, jobject)
17     {
18         return(jboolean)(::wifi_start_supplicant() == 0);
19     }

其中這些函數都調用的是系統範圍內的相應的函數,這些函數都位於:/hardware/libhardware_legacy/wifi下的wifi.c文件中

01 intwifi_load_driver()
02 {
03 #ifdef WIFI_DRIVER_MODULE_PATH
04     chardriver_status[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
05     intcount = 100;/* wait at most 20 seconds for completion */
06  
07     if(is_wifi_driver_loaded()) {
08         return0;
09     }
10  
11     if(insmod(DRIVER_MODULE_PATH, DRIVER_MODULE_ARG) < 0)
12         return-1;
13  
14     if(strcmp(FIRMWARE_LOADER,"") == 0) {
15         /* usleep(WIFI_DRIVER_LOADER_DELAY); */
16         property_set(DRIVER_PROP_NAME,"ok");
17     }
18     else{
19         property_set("ctl.start", FIRMWARE_LOADER);
20     }
21     sched_yield();
22     while(count-- > 0) {
23         if(property_get(DRIVER_PROP_NAME, driver_status, NULL)) {
24             if(strcmp(driver_status,"ok") == 0)
25                 return0;
26             elseif(strcmp(DRIVER_PROP_NAME,"failed") == 0) {
27                 wifi_unload_driver();
28                 return-1;
29             }
30         }
31         usleep(200000);
32     }
33     property_set(DRIVER_PROP_NAME,"timeout");
34     wifi_unload_driver();
35     return-1;
36 #else
37     property_set(DRIVER_PROP_NAME,"ok");
38     return0;
39 #endif
40 }

這個函數中會加載WIFI_DRIVER_MODULE_PATH路徑中的驅動模塊。這個模塊位於:/system/lib/modules/wlan.ko(進入android系統的終端能夠查看到,其中我本身的驅動模塊名爲:wl12xx_sdio.ko)
另外在函數int wifi_start_supplicant_common(const char *config_file)中會加載wifi的配置文件,位於:/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf
在android系統的終端截圖以下:
wl12xx_sdio.ko
wpa_supplicant.conf

最後你能夠在終端上使用命令:lsmod 能夠查看當前的系統加載的模塊。
當關閉wifi的時候,你發現會少一個模塊名爲:wlan.ko(我手機上爲:wl12xx_sdio.ko),當你在設置界面啓動wifi後,你經過命令能夠查看發現系統中多加載了一個模塊:wlan.ko(我手機上爲:wl12xx_sdio.ko),截圖以下:
關閉wifi後,即沒加載wlan.ko(我手機上爲:wl12xx_sdio.ko)時:
在此輸入圖片描述

啓動wifi後,即加載wlan.ko(我手機上爲:wl12xx_sdio.ko)後:

在此輸入圖片描述

最後你能夠進入目錄:/proc/modules查看你係統全部可用的模塊(系統可能加載了,也可能沒加載)

在此輸入圖片描述

寫了兩天終於寫完了,請各位大牛不吝賜教,以避免誤導像我這樣的菜鳥。

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