Linux磁盤管理之LVM
1、LVM介紹node
在咱們管理Linux磁盤的時候，一般會遇到這麼一種狀況。在最初規劃Linux的磁盤的時候，咱們給某個分區劃分了必定量的磁盤空間，使用一段時間後，發現咱們規劃的磁盤空間不足了，這個時候怎麼辦？咱們確定要想辦法給擴容呀，找一塊磁盤分區，格式化，而後掛載，而後把數據拷貝到新加的磁盤上，而後把原有的磁盤卸載掉，一般咱們是這樣作的。這樣一來雖然達到了擴容的目的，可是費時費力；若是第二次擴容，空間仍是不夠，咱們又要重複上面的步驟；若是分配的磁盤空間過大，使用了好久才發現它根本用不到那麼多空間，這個時候是否是又要調整呀，聽着就感受很繁瑣。這時候你確定要想有沒有那種可掛載上一塊盤，咱們利用某種管理手段，能夠在線的調整磁盤的空間，這樣有節約了時間，也可實現彈性管理磁盤。對，lvm就有這樣的功能。linux
LVM（logical volume manager）邏輯卷管理，它能夠彈性的管理文件系統的容量，LVM的工做原理是將一個或多個底層塊設備組織成一個邏輯設備，這個邏輯設備能夠在將來新增或移除其餘的分區到這個邏輯設備中，從而實現了彈性管理磁盤。centos
PV：物理卷（physical volume）；物理卷就是指硬盤分區或從邏輯上與磁盤分區具備一樣功能的設備（如raid），是LVM的基本儲存邏輯塊，但和基本的物理存儲介質（如分區，磁盤等）比較，卻包含有與LVM相關的管理參數bash
VG：卷組（volume group）LVM卷組相似於非LVM系統中的物理硬盤，尤爲物理卷組成，能夠在卷組上建立一個或多個LVM分區（邏輯卷），LVM卷組由一個或多個物理卷組成app
LV：邏輯卷（logical volume）LVM的邏輯卷相似非LVM系統中的硬盤分區，在邏輯卷之上能夠建立文件系統。socket
LVM就是將一些零碎的磁盤分區（PV）合併成一個較大的磁盤（VG），而後在根據須要對這個較大的磁盤（VG）進行劃分紅不一樣的大小分區（LV），這些小的分區（LV）是能夠動態的擴展和縮小的，這就是LVM的邏輯卷管理過程。所謂LVM的大磁盤就是將許多PV整合成的VG，那麼這個大磁盤最大可達到多少容量呢？咱們知道在文件系統裏面數據存儲的最小單位是塊（block），不過在LVM當中數據儲存的最小單位是PE，PE的的做用同block的做用同樣，須要注意到是LVM默認使用的PE大小是4M，而LVM的VG最多能包含65534個PE，也就是說默認LVM的VG會有4×65534M/1024M=256G，因此PE的大小決定了VG的最大容量，固然咱們在建立VG的時候可指定PE大小，從而來決定VG的大小。ide
2、LVM實現oop
1）前期準備幾塊硬盤或者分區來模擬PVui
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 46G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 792M 0 rom
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6180123f.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6180123f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): +10G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6180123f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568):
Using default value 20973568
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-104857599, default 104857599): +10G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (41945088-104857599, default 41945088):
Using default value 41945088
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41945088-104857599, default 104857599): +10G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6180123f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 20973568 41945087 10485760 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3 41945088 62916607 10485760 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 46G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
├─sdb2 8:18 0 10G 0 part
└─sdb3 8:19 0 10G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 792M 0 rom
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：這裏是用的分區來模擬硬盤看成PV，這裏須要注意一點，就是咱們分區完保存後，可能存在不一樣不到問題，就是咱們分區完用lsblk看不到分區，可用 partprobe來同步分區信息。centos6 使用partx -a /dev/sdb來增長分區同步到內存，若是是刪除某個分區，就須要執行partx -d -nr # /dev/sdb 此命令表示從/dev/sdb的分區信息中刪除sdb#分區信息，並同步到內存中。這裏還須要注意一點的是咱們分區的類型要選8e 表示Linux LVMcentos7
2）裝lvm2這個包
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs
-bash: lvs: command not found
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# yum info lvm2
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Packages
Name : lvm2
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 7
Version : 2.02.185
Release : 2.el7_7.2
Size : 1.3 M
Repo : updates/7/x86_64
Summary : Userland logical volume management tools
URL : http://sources.redhat.com/lvm2
License : GPLv2
Description : LVM2 includes all of the support for handling read/write operations on
: physical volumes (hard disks, RAID-Systems, magneto optical, etc.,
: multiple devices (MD), see mdadm(8) or even loop devices, see
: losetup(8)), creating volume groups (kind of virtual disks) from one
: or more physical volumes and creating one or more logical volumes
: (kind of logical partitions) in volume groups.
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# yum install lvm2 -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: lvm2-libs = 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-persistent-data >= 0.7.0-0.1.rc6 for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: liblvm2app.so.2.2(Base)(64bit) for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper.so.1.02(DM_1_02_141)(64bit) for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper-event.so.1.02(Base)(64bit) for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: liblvm2app.so.2.2()(64bit) for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdevmapper-event.so.1.02()(64bit) for package: 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 will be installed
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.140-8.el7 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-libs = 7:1.02.140-8.el7 for package: 7:device-mapper-1.02.140-8.el7.x86_64
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 will be an update
---> Package device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0:0.8.5-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-event = 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 for package: 7:lvm2-libs-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.140-8.el7 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 will be an update
---> Package device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================
Installing:
lvm2 x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 updates 1.3 M
Installing for dependencies:
device-mapper-event x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 updates 190 k
device-mapper-event-libs x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 updates 189 k
device-mapper-persistent-data x86_64 0.8.5-1.el7 base 423 k
lvm2-libs x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2 updates 1.1 M
Updating for dependencies:
device-mapper x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 updates 294 k
device-mapper-libs x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 updates 322 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
Upgrade ( 2 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 3.8 M
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/7): device-mapper-event-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm | 190 kB 00:00:00
(2/7): device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm | 189 kB 00:00:00
(3/7): device-mapper-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm | 322 kB 00:00:00
(4/7): lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm | 1.3 MB 00:00:00
(5/7): device-mapper-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm | 294 kB 00:00:00
(6/7): lvm2-libs-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00:00
(7/7): device-mapper-persistent-data-0.8.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 423 kB 00:00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 4.3 MB/s | 3.8 MB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : 7:device-mapper-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 1/9
Updating : 7:device-mapper-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 2/9
Installing : 7:device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 3/9
Installing : 7:device-mapper-event-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 4/9
Installing : 7:lvm2-libs-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 5/9
Installing : device-mapper-persistent-data-0.8.5-1.el7.x86_64 6/9
Installing : 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 7/9
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/lvm2-lvmpolld.socket to /usr/lib/systemd/system/lvm2-lvmpolld.socket.
Cleanup : 7:device-mapper-1.02.140-8.el7.x86_64 8/9
Cleanup : 7:device-mapper-libs-1.02.140-8.el7.x86_64 9/9
Verifying : 7:device-mapper-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 1/9
Verifying : 7:device-mapper-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 2/9
Verifying : device-mapper-persistent-data-0.8.5-1.el7.x86_64 3/9
Verifying : 7:lvm2-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 4/9
Verifying : 7:lvm2-libs-2.02.185-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 5/9
Verifying : 7:device-mapper-event-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 6/9
Verifying : 7:device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.158-2.el7_7.2.x86_64 7/9
Verifying : 7:device-mapper-1.02.140-8.el7.x86_64 8/9
Verifying : 7:device-mapper-libs-1.02.140-8.el7.x86_64 9/9
Installed:
lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2
Dependency Installed:
device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2
device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0:0.8.5-1.el7 lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.185-2.el7_7.2
Dependency Updated:
device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2 device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.158-2.el7_7.2
Complete!
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：最小化安裝系統默認系統上沒有安裝這個包的，因此咱們須要把這個包裝上纔可建立LVM
3）建立PV
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [10.00 GiB]
PV /dev/sdb3 lvm2 [10.00 GiB]
PV /dev/sdb2 lvm2 [10.00 GiB]
Total: 3 [30.00 GiB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in no VG: 3 [30.00 GiB]
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdb2 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID MsszES-YPdm-YGQl-7rgg-B6gX-Q4xu-T8m1gz
"/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb3
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID BMMx8p-zu9O-ns61-G9DU-iKMR-NmZO-crCjlR
"/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb2
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID LPynpW-twlu-fxwg-OlCT-jA2A-R5UI-fvqWLj
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：pvcreate 命令表示建立PV 後面跟硬盤或分區對應的設備文件，pvscan 命令做用是搜索系統裏面任何具備PV屬性的磁碟，PV屬性就是經過pvcreate建立過的磁碟，pvs是查看pv簡要狀況，pvdisplay 查看pv的詳細信息。固然咱們要移除某塊盤，讓其不具有PV屬性，能夠用pvremove + 磁盤的設備文件路徑
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb3 Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully wiped. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g /dev/sdb2 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：移除pv的前提是它沒有在任何VG裏面纔可作移除，不然移除不了
4）建立VG
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdb2 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdb2 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgcreate test -s 8M /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
Volume group "test" successfully created
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
test 3 0 0 wz--n- <29.98g <29.98g
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgscan
Reading volume groups from cache.
Found volume group "test" using metadata type lvm2
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name test
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size <29.98 GiB
PE Size 8.00 MiB
Total PE 3837
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 3837 / <29.98 GiB
VG UUID 31vxAP-L5jb-8Yxm-25m2-LdD0-ee8R-sdTjum
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgreduce test /dev/sdb3
Removed "/dev/sdb3" from volume group "test"
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
test 2 0 0 wz--n- 19.98g 19.98g
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgcreate test2 /dev/sdb3
Volume group "test2" successfully created
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
test 2 0 0 wz--n- 19.98g 19.98g
test2 1 0 0 wz--n- <10.00g <10.00g
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgdisplay test2
--- Volume group ---
VG Name test2
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <10.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 2559 / <10.00 GiB
VG UUID rc94SP-JAlk-63Rw-n5xz-qB0d-grnT-ItrMvT
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgremove test2
Volume group "test2" successfully removed
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
test 2 0 0 wz--n- 19.98g 19.98g
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：一樣的vgcreate 表示建立VG 其用法格式是vgcreate VGNAME [option] 儲存設備路徑 其中-s表示指定PE的大小，VGNAME表示VG的名稱，須要說明的是，指定名稱不能和系統現有的VG名稱相同；vgs查看系統上全部VG的簡要信息，vgscan搜尋系統上面是否有VG，vgdisplay查看全部VG的詳細信息，固然此例中只有一個，咱們也可在後面指定查看某個VG的詳細信息，只須要指定其VG名稱便可；有關vg的命令有不少其中vgreduce的做用是在VG內移除PV，vgremove的做用是刪除一個VG，這兩個命令都須要在其後指定要操做的VG名稱
5）建立LV
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n aaa test Logical volume "aaa" created. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 3G -n bbb test Logical volume "bbb" created. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert aaa test -wi-a----- 2.00g bbb test -wi-a----- 3.00g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/test/aaa' [2.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/test/bbb' [3.00 GiB] inherit [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/test/aaa LV Name aaa VG Name test LV UUID R9weh0-D85B-rMcW-oYSM-dAQb-gIQh-RXxITP LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time test-centos7-node1, 2020-01-06 09:05:23 -0500 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 2.00 GiB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/test/bbb LV Name bbb VG Name test LV UUID LYwvZj-ogpf-nwtF-mja6-xwwl-A24W-BslJOu LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time test-centos7-node1, 2020-01-06 09:05:34 -0500 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 3.00 GiB Current LE 384 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvresize -L +4G /dev/test/aaa Size of logical volume test/aaa changed from 2.00 GiB (256 extents) to 6.00 GiB (768 extents). Logical volume test/aaa successfully resized. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert aaa test -wi-a----- 6.00g bbb test -wi-a----- 3.00g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvresize -L -1G /dev/test/bbb WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 2.00 GiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce test/bbb? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume test/bbb changed from 3.00 GiB (384 extents) to 2.00 GiB (256 extents). Logical volume test/bbb successfully resized. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert aaa test -wi-a----- 6.00g bbb test -wi-a----- 2.00g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvreduce -L 3G /dev/test/aaa WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 3.00 GiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce test/aaa? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume test/aaa changed from 6.00 GiB (768 extents) to 3.00 GiB (384 extents). Logical volume test/aaa successfully resized. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert aaa test -wi-a----- 3.00g bbb test -wi-a----- 2.00g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvreduce -L -1G /dev/test/aaa WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 2.00 GiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce test/aaa? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume test/aaa changed from 3.00 GiB (384 extents) to 2.00 GiB (256 extents). Logical volume test/aaa successfully resized. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert aaa test -wi-a----- 2.00g bbb test -wi-a----- 2.00g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvremove /dev/test/bbb Do you really want to remove active logical volume test/bbb? [y/n]: y Logical volume "bbb" successfully removed [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert aaa test -wi-a----- 2.00g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：lvcreate 命令做用是建立LV 其中-L表示指定LV的大小，-n表示lv的名稱 最後跟VG的名稱，表示從那個VG上建立LV；lvs 命令做用是查看系統全部的lv簡要信息 ；lvdisplay 查看LV的詳細信息，後面能夠跟VG的名稱表示查看指定VG上的全部LV的詳細信息；lvreduce 命令做用是縮減指定LV裏的空間，若是指定的大小是負數如-3M 表示縮減3M 若是指定的是 3M 則表示縮減至3M ，這個須要注意，還有這個命令指定大小不能以相似+4M來指定；lvresize此命令的做用是調整LV的容量大小，這個命令指定調整大小+表示增長多少，-表示減小多少，若沒有+/-表示調整到指定大小，lvresize和lvreduce這兩個命令後面都是跟的lv對應設備的路徑（其實不是真的設備路徑，是設備的軟鏈接路徑），不能指定其名稱；lvremove命令做用是刪除指定的LV,若指定的是vg名，表示刪除該VG上的全部LV，若須要刪除某個LV 須要指定其對應設備路徑。
到此lvm就已經實現，後續就能夠直接格式化，而後掛載使用了
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
test 2 0 0 wz--n- 19.98g 19.98g
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n xxx test
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/test/xxx at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/test/xxx.
Logical volume "xxx" created.
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
xxx test -wi-a----- 19.98g
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/test/xxx
meta-data=/dev/test/xxx isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1309696 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5238784, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 46G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
│ └─test-xxx 253:0 0 20G 0 lvm
├─sdb2 8:18 0 10G 0 part
│ └─test-xxx 253:0 0 20G 0 lvm
└─sdb3 8:19 0 10G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 792M 0 rom
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# mount /dev/test/xxx /mnt
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 46G 1.6G 45G 4% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/test-xxx 20G 33M 20G 1% /mnt
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
3、擴容LV
1）建立PV，並將其加入到VG中
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 test lvm2 a-- 9.99g 0 /dev/sdb2 test lvm2 a-- 9.99g 0 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name test System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 28 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 19.98 GiB PE Size 8.00 MiB Total PE 2558 Alloc PE / Size 2558 / 19.98 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID 31vxAP-L5jb-8Yxm-25m2-LdD0-ee8R-sdTjum [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：從上面的信息能夠看到VG的大小是19.98G 也就是兩塊PV的大小。如今咱們新建立一個pv，而後加到vg裏
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 test lvm2 a-- 9.99g 0 /dev/sdb2 test lvm2 a-- 9.99g 0 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3 Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 test lvm2 a-- 9.99g 0 /dev/sdb2 test lvm2 a-- 9.99g 0 /dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree test 2 1 0 wz--n- 19.98g 0 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgextend test /dev/sdb3 Volume group "test" successfully extended [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree test 3 1 0 wz--n- <29.98g 9.99g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name test System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 3 Metadata Sequence No 31 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 3 Act PV 3 VG Size <29.98 GiB PE Size 8.00 MiB Total PE 3837 Alloc PE / Size 2558 / 19.98 GiB Free PE / Size 1279 / 9.99 GiB VG UUID 31vxAP-L5jb-8Yxm-25m2-LdD0-ee8R-sdTjum [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：vgextend命令做用是將指定pv加入到指定VG中，VG指定其名稱便可，pv需指定其設備路徑
2）將新加的VG的PE加入到xxx LV裏
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree test 3 1 0 wz--n- <29.98g 9.99g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert xxx test -wi-ao---- 19.98g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/test/xxx LV Name xxx VG Name test LV UUID ihOo41-gh1L-eSHK-iLXY-UGfF-J6uI-UmVWhF LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time test-centos7-node1, 2020-01-06 10:00:08 -0500 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 19.98 GiB Current LE 2558 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/test/xxx Size of logical volume test/xxx changed from 19.98 GiB (2558 extents) to <29.98 GiB (3837 extents). Logical volume test/xxx successfully resized. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert xxx test -wi-ao---- <29.98g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/test/xxx LV Name xxx VG Name test LV UUID ihOo41-gh1L-eSHK-iLXY-UGfF-J6uI-UmVWhF LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time test-centos7-node1, 2020-01-06 10:00:08 -0500 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size <29.98 GiB Current LE 3837 Segments 3 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree test 3 1 0 wz--n- <29.98g 0 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part [SWAP] └─sda3 8:3 0 46G 0 part / sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part │ └─test-xxx 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /mnt ├─sdb2 8:18 0 10G 0 part │ └─test-xxx 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /mnt └─sdb3 8:19 0 10G 0 part └─test-xxx 253:0 0 30G 0 lvm /mnt sr0 11:0 1 792M 0 rom [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 46G 1.6G 45G 4% / devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/test-xxx 20G 33M 20G 1% /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：可看到lvs裏的空間已經加上去，lvextend命令做用是將指定VG裏的空間添加到指定的lv中，上面的例子是把VG裏的全部空閒空間添加到/dev/test/xxx裏，固然還有一種狀況在VG還有空餘的空間，咱們能夠用lvresize 來調整lv的大小；從上面的信息能夠看到咱們把新的空間加入到VG和Lv中後，df 看掛載點空間卻沒有增長，接下來咱們經過resize2fs將文件系統同步到增大的空間。
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/test/xxx resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/test/xxx Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 46G 1.6G 45G 4% / devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/test-xxx 20G 33M 20G 1% /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：看來用此命令不行，由於resize2fs這個命令針對ext系列的文件系統，xfs須要用 xfs_growfs來調整
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/test/xxx
meta-data=/dev/mapper/test-xxx isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1309696 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5238784, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 5238784 to 7858176
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 46G 1.6G 45G 4% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/test-xxx 30G 33M 30G 1% /mnt
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
4、縮減LV（xfs文件系統）
1）卸載已經掛好的LV
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 46G 1.6G 45G 4% / devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/test-xxx 30G 33M 30G 1% /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# umount /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 46G 1.6G 45G 4% / devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
2）強制進行磁盤檢測
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# xfs_repair -n /dev/test/xxx
Phase 1 - find and verify superblock...
Phase 2 - using internal log
- zero log...
- scan filesystem freespace and inode maps...
- found root inode chunk
Phase 3 - for each AG...
- scan (but don't clear) agi unlinked lists...
- process known inodes and perform inode discovery...
- agno = 0
- agno = 1
- agno = 2
- agno = 3
- process newly discovered inodes...
Phase 4 - check for duplicate blocks...
- setting up duplicate extent list...
- check for inodes claiming duplicate blocks...
- agno = 0
- agno = 1
- agno = 2
- agno = 3
No modify flag set, skipping phase 5
Phase 6 - check inode connectivity...
- traversing filesystem ...
- traversal finished ...
- moving disconnected inodes to lost+found ...
Phase 7 - verify link counts...
No modify flag set, skipping filesystem flush and exiting.
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：ext系列文件系統可e2fsck命令檢查
3）調整lv大小
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvreduce -L -10G /dev/test/xxx WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to <19.98 GiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce test/xxx? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume test/xxx changed from <29.98 GiB (3837 extents) to <19.98 GiB (2557 extents). Logical volume test/xxx successfully resized. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert xxx test -wi-a----- <19.98g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/test/xxx LV Name xxx VG Name test LV UUID uhZZaz-Odd9-ibwY-2Z1Z-ZmNY-eZF7-0lXERT LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time test-centos7-node1, 2020-01-06 10:32:42 -0500 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size <19.98 GiB Current LE 2557 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
4）掛載
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# mount /dev/test/xxx /mnt mount: /dev/mapper/test-xxx: can't read superblock [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：作到這裏發現一個問題，xfs文件系統是不支持邏輯捲縮減的，爲何呢？xfs的文件系統調整命令是xfs_growfs 這個命令只支持增大的操做。咱們在調整lv大小的時候其實是把文件系統給破壞了，要想縮減空間，就必須從新格式化後在掛載，這樣一來若是原有的盤裏有數據就丟了。因此xfs上作LV的縮減沒有意義
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/test/xxx -f
meta-data=/dev/test/xxx isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1309184 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5236736, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# mount /dev/test/xxx /mnt
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 46G 1.6G 45G 4% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/test-xxx 20G 33M 20G 1% /mnt
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]
5、縮減LV（ext系列文件系統）
1）卸載已掛載的LV
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 xfs 46G 1.6G 45G 4% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 xfs 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/test-xxx ext4 20G 45M 19G 1% /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# umount /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 xfs 46G 1.6G 45G 4% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 xfs 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0 [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
2）強制執行磁盤檢測
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/test/xxx e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/test/xxx: 11/1310720 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 126322/5236736 blocks [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：這一步咱們在不執行的話，直接下一步它也會提示咱們先作磁盤檢測
3）調整文件系統大小
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/test/xxx 12G resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/test/xxx to 3145728 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/test/xxx is now 3145728 blocks long. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
4）調整LV的大小
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvreduce -L 12G /dev/test/xxx WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 12.00 GiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce test/xxx? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume test/xxx changed from <19.98 GiB (2557 extents) to 12.00 GiB (1536 extents). Logical volume test/xxx successfully resized. [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert xxx test -wi-a----- 12.00g [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
說明：這裏縮減到的空間需同文件系統的大小一致或者縮減後的空間比文件系統調整的空間要大才行，這樣纔不能損壞文件系統，切記不能比文件系統調整的空間還小，小了，在縮減空間的時候就破壞了文件系統，會致使後續的掛載沒法進行。
5）掛載
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# mount /dev/test/xxx /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 46G 1.6G 45G 4% / devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 2.0G 135M 1.9G 7% /boot tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/test-xxx 12G 41M 12G 1% /mnt [root@test-centos7-node1 ~]#
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