Rust 與 LLVM簡單介紹

時間 2019-11-16

標籤 rust llvm 簡單介紹简体版

原文原文鏈接

LLVM 簡介

LLVM 全稱是 Low Level Virtual Machine，它是源自 the University of Illinois 的一個研究項目，該項目旨在提供一個現代化的編譯機制，使得對任何編程語言既能夠作到靜態編譯也能夠動態編譯，並且很是高效。後來 LLVM 項目逐漸發展，並孵化了許多子項目，好比 Clang，LLDB， OpenMP 等。html

通常來講，編譯器會將源語言翻譯爲一種「中間語言(IR)」，以後再由 中間語言 利用後端程序和設備翻譯爲目標平臺的彙編語言。不一樣編譯器的中間語言IR是不同的，IR集中體現了編譯器的主要特徵——算法，優化方式，彙編流程等等。git

LLVM 是很是棒的平臺, 不少語言都支持將源碼編譯爲 LLVM中間語言，好比說Rust、Julia。兩個語言靠着LLVM的強大而實現了不少強大的語言功能。github

Rust on LLVM

Rust是一門靜態編譯型語言，Rust官方的編譯器叫rustc，rustc使用LLVM做爲編譯器後端。rustc對Rust源碼進行詞法分析、靜態類型檢查，最終將代碼編譯爲 LLVM IR。通常 LLVM IR 的文件後綴是 .ll, Bytecode 文件後綴是 .bc，其中 IR 是可讀的。算法

使用 LLVM 的話, 編譯的流程就清晰不少：macos

源碼 -> AST -> LLVM IR -> LLVM Bytecode -> ASM -> Native編程

將Rust 代碼編譯爲 LLVM IR

fn main() {
    let str = "rust";

    println!("{}", str);
}
複製代碼

llvm-ir 參數將rust編譯爲 ir 中間語言，asm 是編譯爲彙編。segmentfault

rustc --emit=asm,llvm-ir file.rs後端

LLVM 的 lli 命令能夠直接運行 .ll 文件, llc 命令能夠編譯彙編。bash

lli file.ll


Stack dump:
0.	Program arguments: /usr/local/llvm/bin/lli file.ll
0  lli                      0x000000010e0027d1 llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&) + 37
1  lli                      0x000000010e00200b llvm::sys::RunSignalHandlers() + 52
2  lli                      0x000000010e002b98 SignalHandler(int) + 144
3  libsystem_platform.dylib 0x00007fffe93ebb3a _sigtramp + 26
4  libsystem_platform.dylib 0x0000000000000009 _sigtramp + 381764841
5  libsystem_platform.dylib 0x000000010f137270 _sigtramp + 634697552
6  lli                      0x000000010dd38578 llvm::MCJIT::runFunction(llvm::Function*, llvm::ArrayRef<llvm::GenericValue>) + 508
7  lli                      0x000000010dcc57cf llvm::ExecutionEngine::runFunctionAsMain(llvm::Function*, std::__1::vector<std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >, std::__1::allocator<std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > > > const&, char const* const*) + 1159
8  lli                      0x000000010d9e3363 main + 7675
9  libdyld.dylib            0x00007fffe91dc235 start + 1
10 libdyld.dylib            0x0000000000000002 start + 383925710
[1]    89982 segmentation fault  /usr/local/llvm/bin/lli file.ll
複製代碼

file.rs 的 LLVM IR 內容

簡單解釋下 LLVM IR的含義：app

@表明全局變量，%表明局部變量
%a = alloca i32, align 4 棧上分配內存
load讀出內容 store寫入內容
i32 i表示32位integer32，即四字節
aligin 4 4字節對齊
%add = add nsw i32 %0, %1 加法操做

以上只是簡單的一個示例，只是介紹學習的途徑。想要深刻的瞭解IR，能夠參考 LLVM Language Reference Manual。

; ModuleID = 'file.7rcbfp3g-cgu.0'
source_filename = "file.7rcbfp3g-cgu.0"
target datalayout = "e-m:o-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-apple-macosx10.7.0"

%"core::fmt::Formatter" = type { [0 x i64], { i64, i64 }, [0 x i64], { i64, i64 }, [0 x i64], { {}*, [3 x i64]* }, [0 x i64], { i64*, i64* }, [0 x i64], { [0 x { i8*, i8* }]*, i64 }, [0 x i32], i32, [0 x i32], i32, [0 x i8], i8, [7 x i8] }
%"core::fmt::Void" = type { [0 x i8], {}, [0 x i8], %"core::marker::PhantomData<*mut core::ops::function::Fn<(), Output=()>>", [0 x i8] }
%"core::marker::PhantomData<*mut core::ops::function::Fn<(), Output=()>>" = type {}
%"core::fmt::Arguments" = type { [0 x i64], { [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]*, i64 }, [0 x i64], { i64*, i64 }, [0 x i64], { [0 x { i8*, i8* }]*, i64 }, [0 x i64] }
%"unwind::libunwind::_Unwind_Exception" = type { [0 x i64], i64, [0 x i64], void (i32, %"unwind::libunwind::_Unwind_Exception"*)*, [0 x i64], [6 x i64], [0 x i64] }
%"unwind::libunwind::_Unwind_Context" = type { [0 x i8] }

@vtable.0 = private unnamed_addr constant { void (i8**)*, i64, i64, i32 (i8**)*, i32 (i8**)*, i32 (i8**)* } { void (i8**)* @_ZN4core3ptr18real_drop_in_place17h7f6d35a144fd7fecE, i64 8, i64 8, i32 (i8**)* @"_ZN3std2rt10lang_start28_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$17h63f922eebf54c4d5E", i32 (i8**)* @"_ZN3std2rt10lang_start28_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$17h63f922eebf54c4d5E", i32 (i8**)* @"_ZN4core3ops8function6FnOnce40call_once$u7b$$u7b$vtable.shim$u7d$$u7d$17hf307176a8af38675E" }, align 8
@0 = private unnamed_addr constant <{ [4 x i8] }> <{ [4 x i8] c"rust" }>, align 1
@1 = private unnamed_addr constant <{ [0 x i8] }> zeroinitializer, align 1
@2 = private unnamed_addr constant <{ [1 x i8] }> <{ [1 x i8] c"\0A" }>, align 1
@3 = private unnamed_addr constant <{ i8*, [8 x i8], i8*, [8 x i8] }> <{ i8* getelementptr inbounds (<{ [0 x i8] }>, <{ [0 x i8] }>* @1, i32 0, i32 0, i32 0), [8 x i8] zeroinitializer, i8* getelementptr inbounds (<{ [1 x i8] }>, <{ [1 x i8] }>* @2, i32 0, i32 0, i32 0), [8 x i8] c"\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00" }>, align 8

; std::rt::lang_start
; Function Attrs: uwtable
define hidden i64 @_ZN3std2rt10lang_start17h545e8eadaec5e3ffE(void ()* nonnull %main, i64 %argc, i8** %argv) unnamed_addr #0 {
start:
  %_7 = alloca i8*, align 8
  %0 = bitcast i8** %_7 to void ()**
  store void ()* %main, void ()** %0, align 8
  %1 = bitcast i8** %_7 to {}*
; call std::rt::lang_start_internal
  %2 = call i64 @_ZN3std2rt19lang_start_internal17hc1ac2c20e9f8edf2E({}* nonnull align 1 %1, [3 x i64]* noalias readonly align 8 dereferenceable(24) bitcast ({ void (i8**)*, i64, i64, i32 (i8**)*, i32 (i8**)*, i32 (i8**)* }* @vtable.0 to [3 x i64]*), i64 %argc, i8** %argv)
  br label %bb1

bb1:                                              ; preds = %start
  ret i64 %2
}

; std::rt::lang_start::{{closure}}
; Function Attrs: uwtable
define internal i32 @"_ZN3std2rt10lang_start28_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$17h63f922eebf54c4d5E"(i8** noalias readonly align 8 dereferenceable(8) %arg0) unnamed_addr #0 {
start:
  %0 = bitcast i8** %arg0 to void ()**
  %1 = load void ()*, void ()** %0, align 8, !nonnull !1
  call void %1()
  br label %bb1

bb1:                                              ; preds = %start
; call <() as std::process::Termination>::report
  %2 = call i32 @"_ZN54_$LT$$LP$$RP$$u20$as$u20$std..process..Termination$GT$6report17hc9096258341f5e78E"()
  br label %bb2

bb2:                                              ; preds = %bb1
  ret i32 %2
}

; std::sys::unix::process::process_common::ExitCode::as_i32
; Function Attrs: inlinehint uwtable
define internal i32 @_ZN3std3sys4unix7process14process_common8ExitCode6as_i3217h07f1ac4bfdd8cfccE(i8* noalias readonly align 1 dereferenceable(1) %self) unnamed_addr #1 {
start:
  %0 = load i8, i8* %self, align 1
  %1 = zext i8 %0 to i32
  ret i32 %1
}

; <&T as core::fmt::Display>::fmt
; Function Attrs: uwtable
define internal zeroext i1 @"_ZN44_$LT$$RF$T$u20$as$u20$core..fmt..Display$GT$3fmt17h5f4bd8ab2c6676ecE"({ [0 x i8]*, i64 }* noalias readonly align 8 dereferenceable(16) %self, %"core::fmt::Formatter"* align 8 dereferenceable(96) %f) unnamed_addr #0 {
start:
  %0 = getelementptr inbounds { [0 x i8]*, i64 }, { [0 x i8]*, i64 }* %self, i32 0, i32 0
  %1 = load [0 x i8]*, [0 x i8]** %0, align 8, !nonnull !1
  %2 = getelementptr inbounds { [0 x i8]*, i64 }, { [0 x i8]*, i64 }* %self, i32 0, i32 1
  %3 = load i64, i64* %2, align 8
; call <str as core::fmt::Display>::fmt
  %4 = call zeroext i1 @"_ZN42_$LT$str$u20$as$u20$core..fmt..Display$GT$3fmt17h91c2539c48905fe1E"([0 x i8]* noalias nonnull readonly align 1 %1, i64 %3, %"core::fmt::Formatter"* align 8 dereferenceable(96) %f)
  br label %bb1

bb1:                                              ; preds = %start
  ret i1 %4
}

; core::fmt::ArgumentV1::new
; Function Attrs: uwtable
define internal { i8*, i8* } @_ZN4core3fmt10ArgumentV13new17hdfa3ca615e4b084aE({ [0 x i8]*, i64 }* noalias readonly align 8 dereferenceable(16) %x, i1 ({ [0 x i8]*, i64 }*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)* nonnull %f) unnamed_addr #0 {
start:
  %transmute_temp1 = alloca %"core::fmt::Void"*, align 8
  %transmute_temp = alloca i1 (%"core::fmt::Void"*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)*, align 8
  %_0 = alloca { i8*, i8* }, align 8
  %0 = bitcast i1 (%"core::fmt::Void"*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)** %transmute_temp to i1 ({ [0 x i8]*, i64 }*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)**
  store i1 ({ [0 x i8]*, i64 }*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)* %f, i1 ({ [0 x i8]*, i64 }*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)** %0, align 8
  %1 = load i1 (%"core::fmt::Void"*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)*, i1 (%"core::fmt::Void"*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)** %transmute_temp, align 8, !nonnull !1
  br label %bb1

bb1:                                              ; preds = %start
  %2 = bitcast %"core::fmt::Void"** %transmute_temp1 to { [0 x i8]*, i64 }**
  store { [0 x i8]*, i64 }* %x, { [0 x i8]*, i64 }** %2, align 8
  %3 = load %"core::fmt::Void"*, %"core::fmt::Void"** %transmute_temp1, align 8, !nonnull !1
  br label %bb2

bb2:                                              ; preds = %bb1
  %4 = bitcast { i8*, i8* }* %_0 to %"core::fmt::Void"**
  store %"core::fmt::Void"* %3, %"core::fmt::Void"** %4, align 8
  %5 = getelementptr inbounds { i8*, i8* }, { i8*, i8* }* %_0, i32 0, i32 1
  %6 = bitcast i8** %5 to i1 (%"core::fmt::Void"*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)**
  store i1 (%"core::fmt::Void"*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)* %1, i1 (%"core::fmt::Void"*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)** %6, align 8
  %7 = getelementptr inbounds { i8*, i8* }, { i8*, i8* }* %_0, i32 0, i32 0
  %8 = load i8*, i8** %7, align 8, !nonnull !1
  %9 = getelementptr inbounds { i8*, i8* }, { i8*, i8* }* %_0, i32 0, i32 1
  %10 = load i8*, i8** %9, align 8, !nonnull !1
  %11 = insertvalue { i8*, i8* } undef, i8* %8, 0
  %12 = insertvalue { i8*, i8* } %11, i8* %10, 1
  ret { i8*, i8* } %12
}

; core::fmt::Arguments::new_v1
; Function Attrs: inlinehint uwtable
define internal void @_ZN4core3fmt9Arguments6new_v117h853b1a3cb02ecdf5E(%"core::fmt::Arguments"* noalias nocapture sret dereferenceable(48), [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]* noalias nonnull readonly align 8 %pieces.0, i64 %pieces.1, [0 x { i8*, i8* }]* noalias nonnull readonly align 8 %args.0, i64 %args.1) unnamed_addr #1 {
start:
  %_4 = alloca { i64*, i64 }, align 8
  %1 = bitcast { i64*, i64 }* %_4 to {}**
  store {}* null, {}** %1, align 8
  %2 = bitcast %"core::fmt::Arguments"* %0 to { [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]*, i64 }*
  %3 = getelementptr inbounds { [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]*, i64 }, { [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]*, i64 }* %2, i32 0, i32 0
  store [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]* %pieces.0, [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]** %3, align 8
  %4 = getelementptr inbounds { [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]*, i64 }, { [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]*, i64 }* %2, i32 0, i32 1
  store i64 %pieces.1, i64* %4, align 8
  %5 = getelementptr inbounds %"core::fmt::Arguments", %"core::fmt::Arguments"* %0, i32 0, i32 3
  %6 = getelementptr inbounds { i64*, i64 }, { i64*, i64 }* %_4, i32 0, i32 0
  %7 = load i64*, i64** %6, align 8
  %8 = getelementptr inbounds { i64*, i64 }, { i64*, i64 }* %_4, i32 0, i32 1
  %9 = load i64, i64* %8, align 8
  %10 = getelementptr inbounds { i64*, i64 }, { i64*, i64 }* %5, i32 0, i32 0
  store i64* %7, i64** %10, align 8
  %11 = getelementptr inbounds { i64*, i64 }, { i64*, i64 }* %5, i32 0, i32 1
  store i64 %9, i64* %11, align 8
  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"core::fmt::Arguments", %"core::fmt::Arguments"* %0, i32 0, i32 5
  %13 = getelementptr inbounds { [0 x { i8*, i8* }]*, i64 }, { [0 x { i8*, i8* }]*, i64 }* %12, i32 0, i32 0
  store [0 x { i8*, i8* }]* %args.0, [0 x { i8*, i8* }]** %13, align 8
  %14 = getelementptr inbounds { [0 x { i8*, i8* }]*, i64 }, { [0 x { i8*, i8* }]*, i64 }* %12, i32 0, i32 1
  store i64 %args.1, i64* %14, align 8
  ret void
}

; core::ops::function::FnOnce::call_once{{vtable.shim}}
; Function Attrs: uwtable
define internal i32 @"_ZN4core3ops8function6FnOnce40call_once$u7b$$u7b$vtable.shim$u7d$$u7d$17hf307176a8af38675E"(i8** %arg0) unnamed_addr #0 {
start:
  %arg1 = alloca {}, align 1
  %0 = load i8*, i8** %arg0, align 8, !nonnull !1
; call core::ops::function::FnOnce::call_once
  %1 = call i32 @_ZN4core3ops8function6FnOnce9call_once17h5714eef014de52c8E(i8* nonnull %0)
  br label %bb1

bb1:                                              ; preds = %start
  ret i32 %1
}

; core::ops::function::FnOnce::call_once
; Function Attrs: uwtable
define internal i32 @_ZN4core3ops8function6FnOnce9call_once17h5714eef014de52c8E(i8* nonnull) unnamed_addr #0 personality i32 (i32, i32, i64, %"unwind::libunwind::_Unwind_Exception"*, %"unwind::libunwind::_Unwind_Context"*)* @rust_eh_personality {
start:
  %personalityslot = alloca { i8*, i32 }, align 8
  %arg1 = alloca {}, align 1
  %arg0 = alloca i8*, align 8
  store i8* %0, i8** %arg0, align 8
; invoke std::rt::lang_start::{{closure}}
  %1 = invoke i32 @"_ZN3std2rt10lang_start28_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$17h63f922eebf54c4d5E"(i8** align 8 dereferenceable(8) %arg0)
          to label %bb1 unwind label %cleanup

bb1:                                              ; preds = %start
  br label %bb2

bb2:                                              ; preds = %bb1
  ret i32 %1

bb3:                                              ; preds = %cleanup
  br label %bb4

bb4:                                              ; preds = %bb3
  %2 = bitcast { i8*, i32 }* %personalityslot to i8**
  %3 = load i8*, i8** %2, align 8
  %4 = getelementptr inbounds { i8*, i32 }, { i8*, i32 }* %personalityslot, i32 0, i32 1
  %5 = load i32, i32* %4, align 8
  %6 = insertvalue { i8*, i32 } undef, i8* %3, 0
  %7 = insertvalue { i8*, i32 } %6, i32 %5, 1
  resume { i8*, i32 } %7

cleanup:                                          ; preds = %start
  %8 = landingpad { i8*, i32 }
          cleanup
  %9 = extractvalue { i8*, i32 } %8, 0
  %10 = extractvalue { i8*, i32 } %8, 1
  %11 = getelementptr inbounds { i8*, i32 }, { i8*, i32 }* %personalityslot, i32 0, i32 0
  store i8* %9, i8** %11, align 8
  %12 = getelementptr inbounds { i8*, i32 }, { i8*, i32 }* %personalityslot, i32 0, i32 1
  store i32 %10, i32* %12, align 8
  br label %bb3
}

; core::ptr::real_drop_in_place
; Function Attrs: uwtable
define internal void @_ZN4core3ptr18real_drop_in_place17h7f6d35a144fd7fecE(i8** align 8 dereferenceable(8) %arg0) unnamed_addr #0 {
start:
  ret void
}

; <() as std::process::Termination>::report
; Function Attrs: inlinehint uwtable
define internal i32 @"_ZN54_$LT$$LP$$RP$$u20$as$u20$std..process..Termination$GT$6report17hc9096258341f5e78E"() unnamed_addr #1 {
start:
; call <std::process::ExitCode as std::process::Termination>::report
  %0 = call i32 @"_ZN68_$LT$std..process..ExitCode$u20$as$u20$std..process..Termination$GT$6report17h67475b03fcc05555E"(i8 0)
  br label %bb1

bb1:                                              ; preds = %start
  ret i32 %0
}

; <std::process::ExitCode as std::process::Termination>::report
; Function Attrs: inlinehint uwtable
define internal i32 @"_ZN68_$LT$std..process..ExitCode$u20$as$u20$std..process..Termination$GT$6report17h67475b03fcc05555E"(i8) unnamed_addr #1 {
start:
  %self = alloca i8, align 1
  store i8 %0, i8* %self, align 1
; call std::sys::unix::process::process_common::ExitCode::as_i32
  %1 = call i32 @_ZN3std3sys4unix7process14process_common8ExitCode6as_i3217h07f1ac4bfdd8cfccE(i8* noalias readonly align 1 dereferenceable(1) %self)
  br label %bb1

bb1:                                              ; preds = %start
  ret i32 %1
}

; file::main
; Function Attrs: uwtable
define internal void @_ZN4file4main17hfa5dc64818afec14E() unnamed_addr #0 {
start:
  %_11 = alloca i64*, align 8
  %_10 = alloca [1 x { i8*, i8* }], align 8
  %_3 = alloca %"core::fmt::Arguments", align 8
  %str = alloca { [0 x i8]*, i64 }, align 8
  %0 = getelementptr inbounds { [0 x i8]*, i64 }, { [0 x i8]*, i64 }* %str, i32 0, i32 0
  store [0 x i8]* bitcast (<{ [4 x i8] }>* @0 to [0 x i8]*), [0 x i8]** %0, align 8
  %1 = getelementptr inbounds { [0 x i8]*, i64 }, { [0 x i8]*, i64 }* %str, i32 0, i32 1
  store i64 4, i64* %1, align 8
  %2 = bitcast i64** %_11 to { [0 x i8]*, i64 }**
  store { [0 x i8]*, i64 }* %str, { [0 x i8]*, i64 }** %2, align 8
  %3 = bitcast i64** %_11 to { [0 x i8]*, i64 }**
  %4 = load { [0 x i8]*, i64 }*, { [0 x i8]*, i64 }** %3, align 8, !nonnull !1
; call core::fmt::ArgumentV1::new
  %5 = call { i8*, i8* } @_ZN4core3fmt10ArgumentV13new17hdfa3ca615e4b084aE({ [0 x i8]*, i64 }* noalias readonly align 8 dereferenceable(16) %4, i1 ({ [0 x i8]*, i64 }*, %"core::fmt::Formatter"*)* nonnull @"_ZN44_$LT$$RF$T$u20$as$u20$core..fmt..Display$GT$3fmt17h5f4bd8ab2c6676ecE")
  %6 = extractvalue { i8*, i8* } %5, 0
  %7 = extractvalue { i8*, i8* } %5, 1
  br label %bb1

bb1:                                              ; preds = %start
  %8 = bitcast [1 x { i8*, i8* }]* %_10 to { i8*, i8* }*
  %9 = getelementptr inbounds { i8*, i8* }, { i8*, i8* }* %8, i32 0, i32 0
  store i8* %6, i8** %9, align 8
  %10 = getelementptr inbounds { i8*, i8* }, { i8*, i8* }* %8, i32 0, i32 1
  store i8* %7, i8** %10, align 8
  %11 = bitcast [1 x { i8*, i8* }]* %_10 to [0 x { i8*, i8* }]*
; call core::fmt::Arguments::new_v1
  call void @_ZN4core3fmt9Arguments6new_v117h853b1a3cb02ecdf5E(%"core::fmt::Arguments"* noalias nocapture sret dereferenceable(48) %_3, [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]* noalias nonnull readonly align 8 bitcast (<{ i8*, [8 x i8], i8*, [8 x i8] }>* @3 to [0 x { [0 x i8]*, i64 }]*), i64 2, [0 x { i8*, i8* }]* noalias nonnull readonly align 8 %11, i64 1)
  br label %bb2

bb2:                                              ; preds = %bb1
; call std::io::stdio::_print
  call void @_ZN3std2io5stdio6_print17h8760c403d70231e9E(%"core::fmt::Arguments"* noalias nocapture dereferenceable(48) %_3)
  br label %bb3

bb3:                                              ; preds = %bb2
  ret void
}

; std::rt::lang_start_internal
; Function Attrs: uwtable
declare i64 @_ZN3std2rt19lang_start_internal17hc1ac2c20e9f8edf2E({}* nonnull align 1, [3 x i64]* noalias readonly align 8 dereferenceable(24), i64, i8**) unnamed_addr #0

; <str as core::fmt::Display>::fmt
; Function Attrs: uwtable
declare zeroext i1 @"_ZN42_$LT$str$u20$as$u20$core..fmt..Display$GT$3fmt17h91c2539c48905fe1E"([0 x i8]* noalias nonnull readonly align 1, i64, %"core::fmt::Formatter"* align 8 dereferenceable(96)) unnamed_addr #0

; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
declare i32 @rust_eh_personality(i32, i32, i64, %"unwind::libunwind::_Unwind_Exception"*, %"unwind::libunwind::_Unwind_Context"*) unnamed_addr #2

; std::io::stdio::_print
; Function Attrs: uwtable
declare void @_ZN3std2io5stdio6_print17h8760c403d70231e9E(%"core::fmt::Arguments"* noalias nocapture dereferenceable(48)) unnamed_addr #0

define i32 @main(i32, i8**) unnamed_addr #3 {
top:
  %2 = sext i32 %0 to i64
; call std::rt::lang_start
  %3 = call i64 @_ZN3std2rt10lang_start17h545e8eadaec5e3ffE(void ()* @_ZN4file4main17hfa5dc64818afec14E, i64 %2, i8** %1)
  %4 = trunc i64 %3 to i32
  ret i32 %4
}

attributes #0 = { uwtable "no-frame-pointer-elim"="true" "probe-stack"="__rust_probestack" "target-cpu"="core2" }
attributes #1 = { inlinehint uwtable "no-frame-pointer-elim"="true" "probe-stack"="__rust_probestack" "target-cpu"="core2" }
attributes #2 = { nounwind uwtable "no-frame-pointer-elim"="true" "probe-stack"="__rust_probestack" "target-cpu"="core2" }
attributes #3 = { "no-frame-pointer-elim"="true" "target-cpu"="core2" }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0}

!0 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!1 = !{}
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