第八章監控 Zabbix

時間 2019-11-16

標籤第八監控 zabbix 欄目 Zabbix 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1.1 YUM部署 Zabbix 2.4

1. 前期準備（省略）

l Yum源的配置 php

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/; mkdir old;mv ./* old/ node

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm mysql

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo linux

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo web

yum clean all sql

yun list 數據庫

l MySQL部署 apache

rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64 --nodeps json

yum install mysql55w-server.x86_64 windows

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/webtatic* /etc/yum.repos.d/old

yum clean all

l OS 優化

2. 下載並安裝Zabbix官方源（http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/）

rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/2.4/rhel/6/x86_64/zabbix-release-2.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm

3. YUM安裝Zabbix

yum -y install iksemel libssh2 zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-agent net-snmp-devel net-snmp-libs net-snmp-perl net-snmp-utils net-snmp

4. 建立Zabbix數據庫及遠程鏈接用戶（服務端）

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock-e "create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;"

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock -e "grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@'10.1.1.%' identified by 'zabbix'; flush privileges;"

5. 導入Zabbix基礎數據並啓動Zabbix

cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.*/create/

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock zabbix < schema.sql

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock zabbix < images.sql

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock zabbix < data.sql

6. Zabbix_Server配置文件

DBHost/DBSocket參數根據須要進行修改

sed -i 's/^.*DBPassword=.*$/DBPassword=zabbix/' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

缺一鍵修改

egrep -v '(^$|\#)' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log

LogFileSize=0

PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid

DBHost=192.168.1.222

DBName=zabbix

DBUser=zabbix

DBPassword=zabbix

DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock

SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptt/snmptt.log

AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts

ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts

啓動zabbix服務

service zabbix-server start

service zabbix-agent start

7. 調整PHP配置（php.ini）

sed -i 's/^.*date.timezone =.*$/date.timezone = Asia\/Shanghai/g' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's/^.*post_max_size =.*$/post_max_size = 16M/g' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's/^.*max_execution_time =.*$/max_execution_time = 300/g' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's/^.*max_input_time =.*$/max_input_time = 300/g' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's/^.* memory_limit =.*$/memory_limit = 128M/g' /etc/php.ini

service httpd restart

8. 配置服務開機啓動

chkconfig zabbix-server on

chkconfig zabbix-agent on

chkconfig httpd on

9. 打開瀏覽器，訪問http://server_ip/zabbix/

登錄Zabbix 用戶名密碼：Admin/zabbix注意Admin的「A」大寫

10. 配置Zabbix顯示中文

profile-->Language-->chinese

11. 解決圖形中中文顯示問題

從Windows中C:\Windows\Fonts拷貝想要的字體到/opt下

cat /opt/msyhbd.ttf > /usr/share/zabbix/fonts/graphfont.ttf

不替換 graphfont.ttf的方法

vi /usr/share/zabbix/include/defines.inc.php

('ZBX_GRAPH_FONT_NAME', 'graphfont');

#將graphfont替換爲下載的文件名便可

('ZBX_FONT_NAME', 'graphfont');

#將graphfont替換爲下載的文件名便可

12. 關注Zabbix_Server日誌

tail -f /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log

1922:20141126:144903.783 cannot send list of active checks to [127.0.0.1]: host [Zabbix server] not monitored

其中有一個'cannot send list of active checks to ' 這種類型不算錯誤，後續更新Zabbix Agent(active)會描述這個狀況.

1.2 YUM部署Zabbix2.4客戶端（Centos）

rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/2.4/rhel/6/x86_64/zabbix-release-2.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm

yum install zabbix-agent zabbix-sender zabbix-get -y

1. 修改Zabbix_Agent配置文件（服務器端自監控用也須要配置）

grep -vE '(^$|^\#)' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid

LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log

LogFileSize=0

Server=192.168.1.222

#修改成Server的IP，支持多個IP，逗號分隔，使用域名的話，須要支持反向解析

#ServerActive=192.168.1.222

#修改成Server的IP，不支持寫多個IP

HostnameItem=system.hostname

#默認是用Hostname須要手動指定主機名，改成HostnameItem 使用內部key的自動獲取方式

Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/

標準配置文件

[root@Server-B opt]# grep -vE '(^$|^\#)' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid

LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log

LogFileSize=0

Server=192.168.1.200

ServerActive=192.168.1.200

HostnameItem=system.hostname

Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/

2. 啓動zabbix-agent並配置開機啓動

/etc/init.d/zabbix-agent start

chkconfig zabbix-agent on

1.3 Zabbix客戶端部署（Windows）

在windows控制檯下執行如下命令：

E:\zabbix\bin\win32\zabbix_agentd.exe -c E:\zabbix\conf\zabbix_agentd.win.conf –i

啓動命令以下：

E:\zabbix\bin\win32\zabbix_agentd.exe -c E:\zabbix\conf\zabbix_agentd.win.conf –s

1.4 Fpmmm模板部署（原MPM）

手冊地址：http://www.fromdual.com/fpmmm-installation-guide

下載地址：https://support.fromdual.com/admin/download/fpmmm-0.10.5.tar.gz

1. 安裝及基礎設置

yum install php-cli php-process php-mysqli

cat << _EOF >/etc/php.d/fpmmm.ini

variables_order = "EGPCS"

date.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'

_EOF

rpm -Uvh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/2.2/rhel/6/x86_64/zabbix-release-2.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm

yum update

yum install zabbix-sender zabbix-agent zabbix

2. 下載並上傳fpmmm文件到/opt目錄下

cd /opt

tar xf /tmp/fpmmm-0.10.5.tar.gz

ln -s fpmmm-0.10.5 fpmmm

3. 配置fpmmm

mkdir /etc/fpmmm

cp /opt/fpmmm/tpl/fpmmm.conf.template /etc/fpmmm/fpmmm.conf

chown -R zabbix: /etc/fpmmm

模板

[default]

Type= mysqld

LogLevel= 2

LogFile= /tmp/fpmmm/fpmmm.log

CacheFileBase = /tmp/fpmmm/fpmmmCache

AgentLockFile = /tmp/fpmmm/fpmmm.lock

# Zabbix Server IP address

ZabbixServer= 192.168.1.233

[G1-MySQL-M1] # This MUST match Hostname in Zabbix!

Type= mysqld

Username= fpmmmonit

Password= fpmmmonit

MysqlPort= 3306

MysqlHost= 192.168.1.210

Modules= process mysql myisam innodb master server fpmmm security

PidFile= /data/mysql3306/G1-MySQL-M1.pid

[G1-MySQL-M1]要和zabbix中的Host name中的定義要一致

4. 增長本地受權（收集數據）

GRANT SELECT, PROCESS, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'fpmmmonit'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'fpmmmonit';

flush privileges;

5. 測試

/opt/fpmmm/bin/fpmmm --config=/etc/fpmmm/fpmmm.conf

cat /tmp/fpmmm/fpmmm.log

6799:2016-03-03 20:56:50.016 - INFO: FromDual Performance Monitor for MySQL and MariaDB (fpmmm) (0.10.5) run started.

6799:2016-03-03 20:56:51.666 - INFO: FromDual Performance Monitor for MySQL and MariaDB (fpmmm) run finished (rc=0).

6. ADDING THE FPMMM TEMLATES TO ZABBIX

Go to Configuration > Templates > Import and import all the fpmmm templates.

7. CREATE HOSTS ON YOUR ZABBIX SERVER

A host in Zabbix terminology is a device you want to monitor. This can be either a machine or a MySQL database or something else.

First we have to create 2 hosts, one for the machine and one for the database: Configuration > Hosts > Create host.

Make sure that Host name matches exactly the hostname specified in fpmmm.conf (my_machine and my_mysqld).

Then add the templates fpmmm and server to the machine host (my_machine) and the other templates to the database host (my_mysqld).

Then test again if your fpmmm data reaches your Zabbix server: Monitoring > Latest data > fpmmm and check the time stamp of Last check for example.

8. REGULARLY RUNNING THE FPMMM AGENT

There are 2 different possibilities to run fpmmm regularly. First by the Zabbix agent:

Put the following line either into its own file (/etc/zabbix/conf.d/fpmmm.conf) or add it to the Zabbix agent configuartion file (/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf).

UserParameter=FromDual.MySQL.check,/opt/fpmmm/bin/fpmmm --config=/etc/fpmmm/fpmmm.conf

or second by the crontab:

* * * * * /opt/fpmmm/bin/fpmmm --config=/etc/fpmmm/fpmmm.conf >/dev/null

1.5 集成OneAlter短信、郵箱、微信告警

OneAlter屬於OneAPM下的子模塊，可免費試用

網站首頁：http://www.onealert.com/

下載頁面：http://www.onealert.com/open/alert/download.jsp

1. 下載agent軟件包

2. OneAlter中配置

設置分派、設置應用，得到應用key

3. 安裝Agent

將agent更新到zabbix的外部告警腳本目錄alertscripts，若是是源碼安裝的請自行更改目錄。

tar xzf alert-agent-4.1.3.1-linux-x64.tar.gz

cp -R alert-agent /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts

cd /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts

chown -R zabbix:zabbix alert-agent

cp alert-agent/plugin/zabbix-plugin/110monitor /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/

chmod +x /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/110monitor

源碼安裝的盆友須要注意看配置文件/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

# AlertScriptsPath=/zabbix/alertscripts

AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts

請將agent更新至AlertScriptsPath目錄中

alert-agent目錄和110monitor須要放在同一級目錄裏面

4. 建立110monitor通知方式

建立媒體類型Media types,，「Administrator」->「Media types」->「Create media type」

採用腳本模式script,腳本名爲110monitor. 系統會在/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/下查找上面的110monitor指令

5. 建立110monitor用戶

建立用戶110monitor並設置通知媒介，登陸zabbix，「Administrator」->「Users」->「create user」.

l 將110monitor用戶加入到"Zabbix Administrator組"或者是新建組.

l 媒體類型，添加110monitor，而且設置appkey爲發送目標.

l 設置全部權限"Zabbix Super Admin"

新建110monitor用戶.

設置媒介類型.

設置權限.

6. 建立觸發動做發送通知

建立告警通知策略，"Configurationg"->"Actions"->"Create action"

l 名稱110monitor

l 主題爲trigger和resolve，意味着告警觸發和恢復都會同步到110monitor

l 設置告警內容，注意冒號":"前的內容不可變動，冒號":"後的內容能夠自行編輯

alarmName:{TRIGGER.NAME}

entityName:{HOSTNAME}

entityId:{IPADDRESS}

value:{TRIGGER.VALUE}

eventId:{EVENT.ID}

priority:{TRIGGER.SEVERITY}

alarmContent:{IPADDRESS} {ITEM.NAME}:{ITEM.VALUE}

注意！自行配製的通知模板是不行的，須要嚴格按照以上配置。

7. 測試驗證

查看agent日誌，出現sucess字樣表明成功，若是發送的告警通知，則會同步發送微信、移動app、短信、郵件

tail -f /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/alert-agent/log/agent.log

1.6 Zabbix API測試

1.6.1 基礎環境

l Python（2.6.6 laster）

1.6.2 製做腳本

1. 獲取驗證密鑰

加粗地方須要求改

import urllib2

import json

zabbix_url="http://192.168.1.222/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

api_pass='zabbix'

auth_data={ 'jsonrpc':'2.0','method':'user.login','params':{'user':'Admin','password':api_pass},'id':1}

#auth function

def get_auth():

request=urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,json.dumps(auth_data))

request.add_header('Content-Type','application/json')

response=urllib2.urlopen(request)

var1=json.loads(response.read())

return var1

#get auth session

session=get_auth()

print(session)

2. 修改請求腳本

l 將密鑰寫到粗體位置

[root@G1-WEB-1 tmp]# cat zbx_get.py

import urllib2

import json

zabbix_url="http://192.168.1.222/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

api_pass='zabbix'

auth_data={

"jsonrpc": "2.0",

"method": "trigger.get",

"params": {

"output": [

"triggerid",

"description",

"priority"]

"id": 2,

"auth": "9ef715599db2c9f7600c2d2ab08eb122"

}

#auth function

def get_auth():

request=urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,json.dumps(auth_data))

request.add_header('Content-Type','application/json')

response=urllib2.urlopen(request)

var1=json.loads(response.read())

return var1

#get auth session

session=get_auth()

print(session)

1.6.3 腳本註釋

[root@G1-WEB-1 tmp]# cat zbx_get.py

import urllib2

import json

zabbix_url="http://192.168.1.222/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

api_pass='zabbix'

auth_data={

"jsonrpc": "2.0",

"method": "trigger.get",

"params": {

"output": [

"triggerid",

"description",

"priority"

"filter": {

"value": 1

"sortfield": "priority",

"sortorder": "DESC"

"id": 2,

"auth": "9ef715599db2c9f7600c2d2ab08eb122"

}

#auth function

def get_auth():

request=urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,json.dumps(auth_data))

request.add_header('Content-Type','application/json')

response=urllib2.urlopen(request)

var1=json.loads(response.read())

return var1

#get auth session

session=get_auth()

print(session)

以上粗體部分須要根據Zabbix的API手冊進行修改；

解釋：使用「trigger.get」方法，調用 "triggerid", "description", "priority"對象，經過"filter"，"sortfield"，"sortorder"

進行過濾。

返回結果以下

{

'jsonrpc': '2.0',

'result': [

{

'priority': '3',

'triggerid': '13773',

'description': '{

HOST.NAME

} is not reachable'

{

'priority': '3',

'triggerid': '13775',

'description': '{

HOST.NAME

} is unavailable by ICMP'

{

'priority': '3',

'triggerid': '13779',

'description': 'Zabbix agent on {

HOST.NAME

} is unreachable for 5 minutes'

{

'priority': '2',

'triggerid': '13776',

'description': 'Ping loss is too high on {

HOST.NAME

{

'priority': '1',

'triggerid': '13744',

'description': 'gzip compression is off for connector http-8080 on {

HOST.NAME

}

'id': 2

}

注意：實際只看到4個觸發器，是由於有一個觸發器有依賴，也一塊兒報警

1.6.4 根據API手冊修改

1. 查看當前主機狀況

{

"jsonrpc": "2.0",

"method": "host.get",

"params": {

"output": [

"hostid",

"host"

"selectInterfaces": [

"interfaceid",

"ip"

]

"id": 2,

"auth": "0424bd59b807674191e7d77572075f33"

}

2. 返回結果以下

{

'jsonrpc': '2.0',

'result': [

{

'interfaces': [

{

'interfaceid': '1',

'ip': '192.168.1.222'

}

'host': 'Zabbix server',

'hostid': '10084',

'name': 'Zabbix server'

{

'interfaces': [

{

'interfaceid': '6',

'ip': '192.168.1.200'

{

'interfaceid': '7',

'ip': '192.168.1.200'

}

'host': 'G1-WEB-1',

'hostid': '10120',

'name': 'apache-tomcat-mysql'

{

'interfaces': [

{

'interfaceid': '8',

'ip': '192.168.1.110'

}

'host': 'a-506ef4ce25484.',

'hostid': '10122',

'name': 'Windos測試'

}

'id': 2

}

1.7 Zabbix自定義監控項

1.7.1 步驟概述

l 開發自定義監控腳本（經過傳參獲取對應狀態值）

l 增長Zabbix模板及觸發器

l 測試&導出項目

1.7.2 實際案例（MySQL監控）

1. 開發自定義監控腳本

l 主文件

#!/bin/sh

#Version:V1.0

# Load system function library.

. /etc/init.d/functions

#Define the current position

Script_Base_Home=`pwd`

#Load getValue function

. ./Get_Function/MySQL/MySQL_Public_Fun.sh

if [ $# -ne 1];then

echo "Only allow you enter a parameter."

#Receive Values

Input_Value=$1

Get_Value $Input_Value;

l 函數文件

#!/bin/sh

#Version:V1.0

#Public function

function Get_Value()

{

#Based on the input value ,get the value.

echo `grep "^$Input_Value\s" $Script_Base_Home/Tmp/MySQL_GetValue_Tmp | awk -F " " '{print $2}'`

}

l 定時獲取參數腳本

#!/bin/sh

#Version:V1.0

#Load conf function

. ./Conf/MySQL_Get_Configure.sh

#Define the current position

Script_Base_Home=`pwd`

$MySQL_App_Base/bin/mysql -u$MySQL_User -p$MySQL_Password -P$MySQL_Port -h$MySQL_Host -e "SELECT * FROM information_schema.global_variables;">$Script_Base_Home/Tmp/MySQL_GetValue_Tmp

l 參數文件

#!/bin/sh

#Version:V1.0

#MySQL Base Home

MySQL_App_Base=/app/mysql56/

#Remote Connection MySQL User

MySQL_User=GetV

MySQL_Password=GetV

MySQL_Port=3306

MySQL_Host=10.1.1.3

#Other Configure

Log_File=$Script_Base_Home/Log/