Loader的特色和使用場所
- Loader 能夠在Activity 和Fragments 的界面下運行(本篇將結合上篇文章的Fragments的DEMO進行講述如何在Fragments 下使用Loaders)。
- 它能夠提供相似於AysncTask同樣的異步請求數據加載的功能,實際上它就是來源於AysncTask 的擴展並增長了不少人性化的功能,例如加載進度框、更好的控制API等。
- 它擁有一個相似於Windows Phone 開發的MVVM同樣的數據改變通知機制,當數據源作出改變時會及時通知。
- 當Cursor 發生變化時,會自動加載數據,所以並不須要再從新進行數據查詢。
Loader API 使用參考
- LoaderManager
每個Activity 和 Fragments 只能存在一個LoaderManager,負責管理界面中的Loader。
- LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks
位於LoaderManager的子接口,提供衆多的回調接口操做Loader ,如初始化、建立、從新啓動、銷燬、結束等一系列實用接口。
- Loader
與Fragments類似,是一個基礎類,能夠由用戶自行擴展適合本身的類
- AsyncTaskLoader
提供了一個基於AsyncTask 工做機制的Loader,查看源碼能夠看到其繼承於Loader,而且子類LoadTask 繼承於AsyncTask<Void, Void, D>,而且實現了Runable 接口,功能十分強大。本DEMO就是基於AsyncTaskLoader篇寫。
- CursorLoader
提供了一個基於AsyncTaskLoader工做機制的Loader,查看源碼能夠看到其繼承於AsyncTaskLoader,通常繼承OnQueryTextListener,可用於查詢、更改數據源做用。
Loader 詳細使用DEMO
基於上篇的Fragments 代碼,添加Loaders功能,實現加載應用程序數據到界面上,DEMO的運行效果以下:android

核心代碼爲app
應用程序的數據對象類:異步
public
static
class AppEntry {
private
final AppListLoader mLoader;
private
final ApplicationInfo mInfo;
private
final File mApkFile;
private String mLable;
private Drawable mIcon;
private
boolean mMounted;
public AppEntry(AppListLoader loader, ApplicationInfo info) {
mLoader = loader;
mInfo = info;
mApkFile =
new File(info.sourceDir);
}
public ApplicationInfo getApplicationInfo() {
return mInfo;
}
public String getLable() {
return mLable;
}
public Drawable getIcon() {
if (mIcon ==
null) {
if (mApkFile.exists()) {
mIcon = mInfo.loadIcon(mLoader.mPm);
return mIcon;
}
else {
mMounted =
false;
}
}
else
if (!mMounted) {
if (mApkFile.exists()) {
mMounted =
true;
mIcon = mInfo.loadIcon(mLoader.mPm);
return mIcon;
}
}
else {
return mIcon;
}
return mLoader.getContext().getResources().getDrawable(
android.R.drawable.sym_def_app_icon);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
return mLable.toString();
}
void loadLable(Context mContext) {
if (mLable ==
null || !mMounted) {
if (!mApkFile.exists()) {
mMounted =
false;
mLable = mInfo.packageName;
}
else {
mMounted =
true;
CharSequence lable = mInfo.loadLabel(mContext
.getPackageManager());
mLable = lable !=
null ? lable.toString()
: mInfo.packageName;
}
}
}
}ide
實現AsyncTaskLoader 加載數據函數
public
static
class AppListLoader
extends AsyncTaskLoader<List<AppEntry>> {
final InterestingConfigChanges mLastConfig =
new InterestingConfigChanges();
final PackageManager mPm;
List<AppEntry> mApps;
packageIntentReceiver mPackageObserver;
public AppListLoader(Context context) {
super(context);
//
TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
mPm = getContext().getPackageManager();
}
@Override
public List<AppEntry> loadInBackground() {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
List<ApplicationInfo> apps = mPm
.getInstalledApplications(PackageManager.GET_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES
| PackageManager.GET_DISABLED_COMPONENTS);
if (apps ==
null)
apps =
new ArrayList<ApplicationInfo>();
final Context mContext = getContext();
List<AppEntry> entries =
new ArrayList<AppEntry>(apps.size());
for (ApplicationInfo info : apps) {
AppEntry entry =
new AppEntry(
this, info);
entry.loadLable(mContext);
entries.add(entry);
}
Collections.sort(entries, ALPHA_COMPARATOR);
return entries;
}
@Override
public
void deliverResult(
List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry> data) {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (isReset()) {
if (data !=
null) {
//
釋放資源處理
}
}
List<AppEntry> oladApps=data;
mApps=data;
if(isStarted()){
super.deliverResult(data);
}
if(oladApps!=
null){
//
釋放資源
}
}
protected
void onStartLoading() {
if(mApps!=
null)
deliverResult(mApps);
if(mPackageObserver==
null)
mPackageObserver=
new packageIntentReceiver(
this);
boolean configChange=mLastConfig.applyNewConfig(getContext().getResources());
if(takeContentChanged()|| mApps==
null || configChange){
forceLoad();
}
};
@Override
public
void onCanceled(
List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry> data) {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCanceled(data);
cancelLoad();
}
@Override
protected
void onReset() {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onReset();
onStopLoading();
if(mApps!=
null){
//
釋放資源
mApps=
null;
}
if(mPackageObserver!=
null){
getContext().unregisterReceiver(mPackageObserver);
mPackageObserver=
null;
}
}
}this
實現數據源:spa
public
static
class AppListAdapter
extends ArrayAdapter<AppEntry>{
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
public AppListAdapter(Context context) {
//
TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
super(context, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2);
mInflater=(LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public
void setData(List<AppEntry> data){
clear();
if(data!=
null){
addAll(data);
}
}
@Override
public View getView(
int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
View view;
if(convertView==
null){
view=mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item_icon_text, parent,
false);
}
else{
view=convertView;
}
AppEntry item=getItem(position);
((ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.icon)).setImageDrawable(item.getIcon());
((TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text)).setText(item.getLable());
return view;
}
}rest
在Activity 或者Fragments 裏面實現接口:
public static class DetailsFragment extends ListFragment implements OnQueryTextListener,LoaderCallbacks<List<AppEntry>>code
實現接口裏面的函數:server
public
boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
return
false;
}
public
boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
return
false;
}
public Loader<List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry>> onCreateLoader(
int id, Bundle args) {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
return
new AppListLoader(getActivity());
}
/**
* Load 完成後
*/
public
void onLoadFinished(
Loader<List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry>> arg0,
List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry> arg1) {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
mAdapter.setData(arg1);
if (isResumed()) {
setListShown(
true);
}
else {
setListShownNoAnimation(
true);
}
}
/**
* Loader 重置時
*/
public
void onLoaderReset(
Loader<List<com.xuzhi.fragment.FragmentDemoActivity.AppEntry>> arg0) {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
mAdapter.setData(
null);
}
獲得LoaderManager初始化Loader,啓動加載在Fragment 的onActivityCreated回調方法上添加,本DEMO的DetailsFragment類添加:
@Override
public
void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
//
TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter =
new AppListAdapter(getActivity());
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
//
Start out with a progress indicator.
setListShown(
false);
//
Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
//
or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0,
null,
this);
}
總結
Loader的使用分爲如下幾個步驟:
- 實現本身的異步Loader ,如本篇的AsyncTaskLoader或者CursorLoader或者本身繼承Loader,第二步須要用到這個Loader
- 建立數據源->public static class AppListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<AppEntry>
- 在Activity 或者Fragments 上實現OnQueryTextListener,LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks接口
- 在onCreateLoader裏面返回Loader,在onLoadfinished裏面作清除動做,在 onQueryTextChange或者onQueryTextSubmit改變數據源,在onCreate裏面讓Loader去執行請求數據 getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
×××:/Files/TerryBlog/FragmentLoader.zip