linux系統定製-LFS-( 一 )

此博客PDF格式文檔下載地址 http://down.51cto.com/data/596015

概述

         LFS ( Linux From Scratch  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org )此篇博客是一個LFS的製做手冊, 內容涵蓋使用宿主系統或liveCD來製做LFS的詳細過程.從開始到結束手把手教你製做屬於你本身的linux系統.也能幫助你更清楚的知道linux系統是如何組成的, 這裏就簡單的說下LFS ,什麼linux開機流程,linux系統原理等等網上都有說明,這裏就不說了,至於linux系統的組成,將文檔從頭作到尾你就知道linux系統是怎麼組成的啦,嘿嘿！

        這是一個比較漫長的旅途,須要作的是細心,耐心,再細心, 這裏提醒下使用VMware虛擬機制做的朋友,快照纔是王道,在此旅途中肯定在此以前的操做是無誤並製做正確的, 能夠作下快照備份下當前虛擬機狀態,以避免後面不當心的操做而致使不可恢復性的錯誤,因此請務必階段性的作快照。固然若是使用物理機制做的朋友就是細心,當心啦........

       製做的過程須要編譯大量的源碼,而編譯源代碼須要佔用大量的CPU時鐘週期,建議你們使用配置相對比較好的計算機,若是有PC Server的話建議在PC Server上面製做.個人環境是在一臺8核CPU,4G內存的PC Server上裝了一個虛擬機,(虛擬機分配的資源是8核CPU,2G內存)，在這樣的配置下我編譯一個GCC跟glibc花了1個小時,因此建議你們有好的資源不要浪費啊.嘿嘿

好了,閒話很少說, Are you ready

準備工做  

       若是使用liveCD做爲宿主系統的朋友須要去LFS官方下載liveCD鏡像包,裏面包含製做過程當中所需的軟件包,等,固然若是使用原有的操做系統來做爲宿主系統的朋友也須要去LFS官方下載liveCD鏡像,爲何呢？由於liveCD裏面包含有製做過程當中所須要的軟件包,這樣咱們就不用一個一個去互聯網上下載了,呵呵,

       這裏介紹下個人環境,在一臺8核CPU 4G內存的PCserver上裝了一個VMware虛擬機工具,而後在虛擬機上裝了個rhel5.4 32位系統(8核CPU/2G內存),我是經過現有的系統來製做的,那有些朋友說了,使用liveCD跟現有的宿主系統製做的步驟都是一眼的嗎?  沒錯,步驟是同樣的, 不管使用liveCD或者現有的宿主系統在製做過程上沒有什麼差異,

liveCD的下載地址  

http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/lfs-livecd/lfslivecd-x86_64-6.3-r2145.iso

1,添加硬盤

       關閉虛擬機添加一塊10G大小的IDE接口的虛擬硬盤,並將虛擬硬盤存爲一個文件,步驟見下圖.

建立一塊新硬盤

選擇虛擬硬盤的類型爲IDE

設置虛擬硬盤的大小並設置將虛擬硬盤存儲爲1個文件

選擇虛擬硬盤的存儲位置,根據本身須要定義

磁盤添加完成後啓動計算機待開機完成後安裝基本開發庫及GCC編譯器

#使用liveCD製做的不須要執行此藍色字體的命令
#yum –y groupinstall "Development Libraries" "Development Tools"
#yum –y install gcc*
#而後將下載好的liveCD的鏡像文件放入虛擬光驅中,並掛載使用
#mount /dev/cdrom /media
#cp –avf /media/lfs-sources  / 

 

2,分區並格式化

fdisk /dev/hda
n
p
1

+300
n
p
2

+7G
w

mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1    #/boot分區
mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda2    #/分區

3,創建制做車間

mkdir /mnt/lfs
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/lfs
mkdir -pv /mnt/lfs/{sources,tools}
chmod -v a+wt /mnt/lfs/sources
ln -s /mnt/lfs/tools /

4,製做的用戶

groupadd lfs
useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs
passwd lfs
chown lfs /mnt/lfs/*
su - lfs
cat > ~/.bash_profile <<EOF內容以下
exec env -i HOME=${HOME} TERM=${TERM} PS1='\u:\w\$' /bin/bash
EOF


cat > ~/.bashrc  <<EOF
set +h
umask 022
LC_ALL=POSIX
PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
export PATH LC_ALL
EOF

source ~/.bash_profile

5,安裝彙編鏈接器（binutils）

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/binutils-2.17.tar.bz2
mkdir /mnt/lfs/sources/binutils-build
cd /mnt/lfs/sources/binutils-build
CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/" ../binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=/tools \
--disable-nls --disable-werror
make
make install
make -C ld clean
make -C ld LIB_PATH=/tools/lib
cp ld/ld-new /tools/bin/
cd ..
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/binutils-build
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/binutils-2.17

6,安裝編譯器(GCC)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar -xvf /lfs-sources/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2
mkdir /mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-build
cd /mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-build
CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/" ../gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=/tools \
--with-local-prefix=/tools --disable-nls \
--enable-shared --enable-languages=c

make bootstrap
make install
ln -vs gcc /tools/bin/cc
cd ..
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-build
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-4.1.2

7,安裝內核頭文件

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/linux-2.6.22.5.tar.bz2
cd linux-2.6.22.5
make mrproper
make headers_check
make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=dest headers_install
cp -rv dest/include/* /tools/include
cd ..
rm -rf linux-2.6.22.5

8,安裝基本C庫(glibc)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/glibc-2.5.1.tar.bz2
mkdir /mnt/lfs/sources/glibc-build
cd /mnt/lfs/sources/glibc-build
./glibc-2.5.1/configure --prefix=/tools \
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
--enable-kernel=2.6.0 --with-binutils=/tools/bin \
--without-gd --with-headers=/tools/include \
--without-selinux
make
mkdir /tools/etc
touch /tools/etc/ld.so.conf
make install
cd ..
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/glibc-2.5.1
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/glibc-build

9,調整工具鏈

mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld
gcc -dumpspecs | sed 's@^/lib/ld-linux.so.2@/tools&@g' > `dirname $(gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
GCC_INCLUDEDIR=`dirname $(gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/include &&
find ${GCC_INCLUDEDIR}/* -maxdepth 0 -xtype d -exec rm -rvf '{}' \; &&
rm -vf `grep -l "DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE" ${GCC_INCLUDEDIR}/*` &&
unset GCC_INCLUDEDIR

10,測試工具鏈

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
echo 'main() {}' > dummy.c 
   
   
   
   
cc dummy.c 
   
   
   
   
readelf -l a.out | grep 'tools' 
   
   
   
   
若是有Requesting program interpreter: /tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2則說明成功 
   
   
   
   
rm -rf aa.out dummy.c 
  
  
  
  

11,安裝測試工具(tcl expect dejagnu)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/tcl8.4.15-src.tar.gz
cd tcl8.4.15/unix
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
make install-private-headers
ln -sv tclsh8.4 /tools/bin/tchsh

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/expect-5.43.0.tar.gz
cd expect-5.43
patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/expect-5.43.0-spawn-1.patch
cp configure{,.bak}
sed 's:/usr/local/bin:/bin:' configure.bak > configure
/configure --prefix=/tools --with-tcl=/tools/lib --with-tclinclude=/tools/include \
--with-x=no
make
make SCRIPTS="" install

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/dejagnu-1.4.4.tar.gz
cd dejagnu-1.4.4
/configure --prefix=/tools
make install
cd ..

rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/tcl8.4.15
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/expect-5.43
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/dejagnu-1.4.4

 12,安裝彙編工具(binutils)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/binutils-2.17.tar.bz2
mkdir /mnt/lfs/sources/binutils-build
cd /mnt/lfs/sources/binutils-build
./binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=/tools --disable-nls \
 --with-lib-path=/tools/lib
make
make install
make -C ld clean
make -C ld LIB_PATH=/usr/lib:/lib
cp ld/ld-new /tools/bin
cd ..
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/binutils-build
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/binutils-2.17

 13,安裝GCC

cd /mnt/lfs/sources/
tar xvf /lfs-sources/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2
cd gcc-4.1.2
cp gcc/Makefile.in{,.orig}
sed 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in.orig > gcc/Makefile.in
cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.tmp}
sed 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in.tmp > gcc/Makefile.in
patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/gcc-4.1.2-specs-1.patch
mkdir  /mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-build
cd /mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-build
./gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=/tools \
--with-local-prefix=/tools \
--enable-clocale=gnu --enable-shared \
--enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
--enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-libstdcxx-pch
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-build
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-4.1.2

14,測試工具鏈

echo 'main() {}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c
readelf -l a.out | grep 'tools'
若是有Requesting program interpreter: /tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2則說明成功
rm -rf a.out dummy.c

15,安裝文本交互函數庫(ncurses)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
cd ncurses-5.6
/configure --prefix=/tools --with-shared --without-debug --without-ada --enable-overwrite
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf /mnt/lfs/sources/ncurses-5.6

16,安裝命令解釋器(bash)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/bash-3.2.tar.gz
cd bash-3.2
patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/bash-3.2-fixes-5.patch
/configure --prefix=/tools --without-bash-malloc
make
make install
ln -sv bash /tools/bin/sh
cd ..
rm -rf bash-3.2

17,安裝壓縮工具(bzip2)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources/
tar xvf /lfs-sources/bzip2-1.0.4.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.4
make
make PREFIX=/tools install
cd ..
rm -rf bzip2-1.0.4

18,安裝經常使用命令集(Coreutils)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/coreutils-6.9.tar.bz2
cd coreutils-6.9
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cp src/su /tools/bin/su-tools
cd ..
rm -rf coreutils-6.9

19,安裝文件比較工具(diffutils) 

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/diffutils-2.8.1.tar.gz
cd diffutils-2.8.1
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf diffutils-2.8.1

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/findutils-4.2.31.tar.gz
cd findutils-4.2.31
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf findutils-4.2.31

20,安裝查找工具(findutils)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/findutils-4.2.31.tar.gz
cd findutils-4.2.31
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf findutils-4.2.31

21,安裝文本處理工具(gawk)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/gawk-3.1.5.tar.bz2
cd gawk-3.1.5
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf gawk-3.1.5

22,安裝國際語言支持工具(gettext) 

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/gettext-0.16.1.tar.gz
cd gettext-0.16.1/gettext-tools
/configure --prefix=/tools --disable-shared
make -C gnulib-lib
make -C src msgfmt
cp src/msgfmt /tools/bin
cd ../../
rm -rf gettext-0.16.1

23,安裝文件過濾工具(grep)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/grep-2.5.1a.tar.bz2
cd grep-2.5.1a
/configure --prefix=/tools --disable-perl-regexp
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf grep-2.5.1a

24,安裝壓縮工具(gzip) 

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/gzip-1.3.12.tar.gz
cd gzip-1.3.12
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf gzip-1.3.12

25,安裝宏處理工具(M4)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/m4-1.4.10.tar.bz2
cd m4-1.4.10
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf m4-1.4.10

26,安裝語法分析工具(bison)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/bison-2.3.tar.bz2
cd bison-2.3
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf bison-2.3

27,安裝編譯過程控制工具(make)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/make-3.81.tar.bz2
cd make-3.81
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf make-3.81

28,安裝補丁工具(patch)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/patch-2.5.4.tar.gz
cd patch-2.5.4
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf patch-2.5.4

29,安裝腳本語言(perl)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/perl-5.8.8.tar.bz2
cd perl-5.8.8
patch -Np1 -i /lfs-sources/perl-5.8.8-libc-2.patch
/configure.gnu --prefix=/tools -Destatic_ext='Data/Dumper Fcntl IO POSIX'
make perl utilities
cp perl pod/pod2man /tools/bin
mkdir -pv /tools/lib/perl5/5.8.8
cp -Rv lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/5.8.8
cd ..
rm -rf perl-5.8.8

30,文件處理工具(sed)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/sed-4.1.5.tar.gz
cd sed-4.1.5
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf sed-4.1.5

31,安裝打包工具(tar)

cd /mnt/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/tar-1.18.tar.bz2
cd tar-1.18
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf tar-1.18

32,安裝信息閱讀工具(Texinfo)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/texinfo-4.9.tar.bz2
/configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf texinfo-4.9

33,安裝工具集(util-linux)

cd /mnt/lfs/sources
tar xvf /lfs-sources/util-linux-2.12r.tar.bz2
cd util-linux-2.12r
sed -i 's@/usr/include@/tools/include@g' configure
/configure
make -C lib
make -C mount mount umount
make -C text-utils more
cp mount/{,u}mount text-utils/more /tools/bin
cd ..
rm -rf util-linux-2.12r

34,退出lfs用戶

exit

目標系統 

35,設置環境變量等

chown -R root:root /mnt/lfs/tools
mkdir -pv /mnt/lfs/{dev,proc,sys}
mknod -m 600 /mnt/lfs/dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 666 /mnt/lfs/dev/null c 1 3

mount --bind /dev /mnt/lfs/dev
mount -t devpts devpts /mnt/lfs/dev/pts
mount -t tmpfs shm /mnt/lfs/dev/shm
mount -t proc proc /mnt/lfs/proc
mount -t sysfs sysfs /mnt/lfs/sys

cp -a /lfs-sources/* /mnt/lfs/sources/

chroot "/mnt/lfs/" /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u [\w]\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
/tools/bin/bash --login +h

36,創建目標系統的目錄結構

mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,opt}
mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
for dir in /usr /usr/local; do
ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir
done
mkdir -pv /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}

ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,grep,pwd,stty} /bin
ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin
ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{,.6} /usr/lib
ln -sv bash /bin/sh
touch /etc/mtab

mount /dev/hda1 /boot

37,建立目標系統的用戶及組

cat > /etc/passwd << EOF
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false
EOF
cat > /etc/group << EOF
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tty:x:4:
tape:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
mail:x:34:
nogroup:x:99:
EOF

從新加載bash
exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h

38,創建臨時文件和日誌文件

touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog

目標系統工具鏈製做

39,安裝linux內核頭文件(linux-header)

cd /sources
tar xvf linux-2.6.22.5.tar.bz2
cd linux-2.6.22.5
make mrproper
make headers_check
make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=dest headers_install
cp -rv dest/include/* /usr/include
cd ..
rm -rf linux-2.6.22.5

40,安裝基本C庫(glibc)

cd /sources
tar xvf glibc-2.5.1.tar.bz2
cd glibc-2.5.1
tar xvf /sources/glibc-libidn-2.5.1.tar.gz
mv glibc-libidn-2.5.1 libidn
sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED
sed -i \
's|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-linux.so.2 -o|' \
   scripts/test-installation.pl
sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in
mkdir ../glibc-build
cd ../glibc-build
./glibc-2.5.1/configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
--enable-kernel=2.6.0 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc
make
make -k check 2>&1 | tee glibc-check-log
grep Error glibc-check-log
touch /etc/ld.so.conf
make install
make localedata/install-locales

cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf <<EOF
passwd: files
group: files
shadow: files
hosts: files dns
networks: files
protocols: files
services: files
ethers: files
rpc: files
EOF

cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

cat > /etc/ld.so.conf <<EOF
/usr/local/lib
/opt/lib
EOF

rm -rf /sources/glibc-build
rm -rf /sources/glibc-2.5.1

41,調整工具鏈 

mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld
gcc -dumpspecs | sed \
-e 's@/tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2@/lib/ld-linux.so.2@g' \
-e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \
-e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' > \
`dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs

42,正確性檢查

echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep '/lib'
若是顯示[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]表示調整成功，動態庫已經鏈接到了目標系統的/lib下
grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log  打印信息以下
　　/usr/lib/crt1.o succeeded
　　/usr/lib/crti.o succeeded
　　/usr/lib/crtn.o succeeded
grep -B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log  打印信息以下
　　#include <...> search starts here:
　　 /usr/include
grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'  打印信息以下
　　SEARCH_DIR("/tools/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
　　SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib")
　　SEARCH_DIR("/lib");
grep "/lib/libc.so.6 " dummy.log  打印信息以下
　　attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded
grep found dummy.log  打印信息以下
　　found ld-linux.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux.so.2

上面的信息均顯示正常,則OK!
rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log

43,安裝彙編器(binutils)

cd /sources
tar xvf binutils-2.17.tar.bz2
mkdir binutils-build
cd binutils-build
./binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-shared
make tooldir=/usr
make check
make tooldir=/usr install
cp -v ../binutils-2.17/include/libiberty.h /usr/include
cd ..
rm -rf binutils-build
rm -rf binutils-2.17

44,安裝GCC

cd /sources
tar xvf gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2
cd gcc-4.1.2
sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in
sed -i 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in
sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in
sed -i 's/@have_mktemp_command@/yes/' gcc/gccbug.in
mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build
./gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=/usr \
--libexecdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared \
--enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
--enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++
make
make -k check
make install
ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib
ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc
cd ..
rm -rf gcc-build
rm -rf gcc-4.1.2

45,檢測gcc是否安裝正確

echo 'main(){}' >dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log

readelf -l a.out | grep 'lib'  打印信息爲如下內容則表示連接位置正確,
Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]

grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log 打印信息爲如下
　   /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/../../../crt1.o succeeded
　　/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/../../../crti.o succeeded
　　/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/../../../crtn.o succeeded

grep -B3 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log  打印信息爲
　　#include <...> search starts here:
　　 /usr/local/include
　　 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.1.2/include
　　 /usr/include

grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g' 打印信息爲
　　SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
　　SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
　　SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
　　SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");

grep "/lib/libc.so.6 " dummy.log  打印信息爲
attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded


grep found dummy.log 打印信息爲
found ld-linux.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux.so.2

上面信息顯示正常則表示工具鏈ok
rm -rf dummy.c a.out dummy.log

46,安裝高性能數據庫(berkeley DB)

cd /sources
tar xvf db-4.5.20.tar.gz
cd db-4.5.20
patch -Np1 -i /sources/db-4.5.20-fixes-1.patch
cd build_unix
./dist/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-compat185 --enable-cxx
make
make docdir=/usr/share/doc/db-4.5.20 install
chown -R root:root /usr/share/doc/db-4.5.20
cd /sources
rm -rf db-4.5.20

47,階段性檢查, 

type -p gcc cc g++ c++ ld ar ranlib  打印信息以下表示正常
/usr/bin/gcc
/usr/bin/cc
/usr/bin/g++
/usr/bin/c++
/usr/bin/ld
/usr/bin/ar
/usr/bin/ranlib
find /{,usr/}{bin,sbin,lib}/* -type f -exec ldd '{}' ';' 2>/dev/null | grep tools 沒有任何打印信息表示正常

48,安裝文本處理工具(sed)

cd /sources
tar xvf sed-4.1.5.tar.gz
cd sed-4.1.5
/configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf sed-4.1.5

49,安裝ext文件系統管理工具(e2fsprogs)

cd /sources
tar xvf e2fsprogs-1.40.2.tar.gz
cd e2fsprogs-1.40.2
sed -i -e 's@/bin/rm@/tools&@' lib/blkid/test_probe.in
mkdir build
cd build
./configure --prefix=/usr --with-root-prefic="" \
--enable-elf-shlibs --sysconfdir=/etc
make
make install
make install-libs
cd ../../
rm -rf e2fsprogs-1.40.2
# 49步在make的時候可能會出現找不到makeinfo命令,
# 個人解決辦法是從宿主機上找到makeinfo命令而後cp到/mnt/lfs/tools/bin/目錄下而後再運行make

50,安裝經常使用命令集(coreutils) 

cd /sources
tar xvf coreutils-6.9.tar.bz2
cd coreutils-6.9
/configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin
cd ..
rm -rf coreutils-6.9

51,安裝端口及協議文件(nana-etc)

cd /sources
tar xvf iana-etc-2.20.tar.bz2
cd iana-etc-2.20
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf iana-etc-2.20

52,安裝宏處理工具(m4)

cd /sources
tar xvf m4-1.4.10.tar.bz2
cd m4-1.4.10
/configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf m4-1.4.10

53,安裝語法分析工具(bison)

cd /sources
tar xvf bison-2.3.tar.bz2
cd bison-2.3
/configure --prefix=/usr
echo '#define YYENABLE_NLS 1' >> config.h
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf bison-2.3

54,安裝交互式函數庫(ncurses)

cd /sources
tar xvf ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
cd ncurses-5.6
patch -Np1 -i /sources/ncurses-5.6-coverity_fixes-1.patch
/configure --prefix=/usr --with-shared --without-debug --enable-widec
make
make install
chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++w.a
mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/libncursesw.so.5 /usr/lib/libncursesw.so
for lib in curses ncurses form panel menu ; do \
rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \
echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" >/usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \
ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a ; \
done
ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib/libncurses++.a
rm -vf /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" >/usr/lib/libcursesw.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so
ln -sfv libncursesw.a /usr/lib/libcursesw.a
ln -sfv libncurses.a /usr/lib/libcurses.a
cd ..
rm -rf ncurses-5.6

55,安裝進程管理工具(procps)

cd /sources
tar xvf procps-3.2.7.tar.gz
cd procps-3.2.7
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf procps-3.2.7

56,安裝通用支持庫工具(libtools)

cd /sources
tar xvf libtool-1.5.24.tar.gz
cd libtool-1.5.24
/configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf libtool-1.5.24

57,安裝腳本語言(perl) 

cd /sources
tar xvf perl-5.8.8.tar.bz2
cd perl-5.8.8
echo "127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)" >/etc/hosts
/configure.gnu --prefix=/usr \
-Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 \
-Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3 \
-Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR"
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf perl-5.8.8

58,安裝行編輯支持工具(readline)

cd /sources
tar xvf readline-5.2.tar.gz
cd readline-5.2
sed -i '/MV.*old/d' Makefile.in
sed -i '/{OLDSUFF}/c:' support/shlib-install
patch -Np1 -i /sources/readline-5.2-fixes-3.patch
/configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/lib
make SHLIB_XLDFLAGS=-lncurses
make install
mv -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib
rm -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libreadline.so.5 /usr/lib/libreadline.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libhistory.so.5 /usr/lib/libhistory.so
cd ..
rm -rf readline-5.2

59,安裝zip格式支持庫(zlib)

cd /sources
tar xvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3
/configure --prefix=/usr --shared --libdir=/lib
make
make install
rm -v /lib/libz.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libz.so.1.2.3 /usr/lib/libz.so
make clean
/configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
chmod 644 /usr/lib/libz.a
cd ..
rm -rf zlib-1.2.3

60,安裝自動化腳本生成工具(autoconf)

cd /sources
tar xvf autoconf-2.61.tar.bz2
cd autoconf-2.61
/configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf autoconf-2.61

61,安裝自動編譯腳本生成工具(automake)

cd /sources
tar xvf automake-1.10.tar.bz2
cd automake-1.10
/configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf automake-1.10

62,安裝命令解釋器(bash)

cd /sources
tar xvf bash-3.2.tar.gz
cd bash-3.2
sed -i "s|htmldir = @htmldir@|htmldir = /usr/share/doc/bash-3.2|" Makefile.in
patch -Np1 -i /sources/bash-3.2-fixes-5.patch
/configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --without-bash-malloc --with-installed-readline
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf bash-3.2

63,使用剛剛編譯好的bash

exec /bin/bash --login +h

64,安裝壓縮工具(bzip2)

cd /sources
tar xvf bzip2-1.0.4.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.4
patch -Np1 -i /sources/bzip2-1.0.4-install_docs-1.patch
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
make
make PREFIX=/usr install
cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2
cp -av libbz2.so* /lib
ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2}
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat
cd ..
rm -rf bzip2-1.0.4

65,安裝文件比較工具(diffutils)

cd /sources
tar xvf diffutils-2.8.1.tar.gz
cd diffutils-2.8.1
patch -Np1 -i /sources/diffutils-2.8.1-i18n-1.patch
touch man/diff.1
/configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf diffutils-2.8.1

因爲博客限制一篇博客不能超過8W字符,餘下內容見下面的連接

 http://ant595.blog.51cto.com/5074217/1054407