MySQL——全量，增量備份與恢復（實戰篇！）
一，全量備份與恢復
1，進入數據庫，建立表，插入表數據
[root@master2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p ##進入數據庫
Enter password:
mysql> create database school; ##建立數據庫
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫
Database changed
mysql> create table info( ##建立表
-> id int(3) not null primary key auto_increment,
-> name varchar(10) not null,
-> score decimal(4,1) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> desc info; ##查看錶結構
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(3) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| score | decimal(4,1) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('stu01',88),('stu02',77); ##插入表數據
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from info; ##查看錶內容
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | stu02 | 77.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from info limit 1; ##只顯示錶中的前1行
+----+-------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | stu01 | 88.0 |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2，對數據庫進行物理的徹底備份
[root@master2 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ ##切換到數據庫的數據目錄下 [root@master2 data]# ls auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql school test ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema sys [root@master2 data]# cd school/ [root@master2 school]# ls ##數據中的文件 db.opt info.frm info.ibd [root@master2 school]# cd .. [root@master2 data]# tar Jcvf /opt/mysql-$(date +%F).tar.xz /usr/local/mysql/data/ ##用xz格式壓縮 [root@master2 data]# cd /opt/ [root@master2 opt]# ls mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh
3，對單個數據庫進行邏輯上的備份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school > /opt/school.sql ##邏輯備份單個數據庫
Enter password:
[root@master2 opt]# ls
mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim school.sql ##查看備份數據庫腳本
...
CREATE TABLE `info` (
`id` int(3) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`score` decimal(4,1) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
...
LOCK TABLES `info` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `info` VALUES (1,'stu01',88.0),(2,'stu02',77.0);
...
4，對多個數據庫進行備份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases school mysql > /opt/db_school_mysql.sql ##備份多個數據庫 Enter password: [root@master2 opt]# ls db_school_mysql.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
5，對數據庫進行徹底備份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p --opt --all-databases > /opt/all.sql ##徹底備份 Enter password: [root@master2 opt]# ls all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school.sql
6，對數據庫中的表進行備份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p school info > /opt/school_info.sql ##對數據庫中的表進行備份 Enter password: [root@master2 opt]# ls all.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz rh school.sql db_school_mysql.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql
7，對數據庫中的表結構進行備份
[root@master2 opt]# mysqldump -uroot -p -d school info > /opt/school_info_desc.sql ##對錶結構進行備份 Enter password: [root@master2 opt]# ls all.sql mysql-5.7.20 school_info.sql db_school_mysql.sql rh school.sql mysql-2019-11-26.tar.xz school_info_desc.sql
8，基於腳本恢復數據庫
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p ##進入數據庫 Enter password: mysql> show databases; ##查看數據庫 +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | sys | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫 Database changed mysql> show tables; ##查看錶 +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | info | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table info; ##刪除表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show tables; ###查看錶 Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> source /opt/school.sql ##恢復數據庫腳本文件 mysql> show tables; ##查看錶 +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | info | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
9，基於外部MySQL命令恢復數據庫
mysql> drop table info; ##刪除表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show tables; ##查看錶 Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit ##退出 Bye [root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 school < /opt/school.sql ##利用mysql命令進行恢復 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##進入數據庫 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; ##查看錶 +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | info | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
二，MySQL增量備份及恢復
1，開啓二進制日誌文件
[root@master2 opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf ##開啓二進制日誌文件 [mysqld] user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data port = 3306 character_set_server=utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock log-bin=mysql-bin ##開啓二進制日誌文件 server-id = 1 [root@master2 opt]# systemctl restart mysqld.service ##重啓mysql服務 [root@master2 opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ ##切換到mysql站點 [root@master2 data]# ls ##查看二進制日誌文件 auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys
2，進行徹底備份
[root@master2 data]# mysqldump -uroot -p123123 school > /opt/school.sql ##一次徹底備份 mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@master2 data]# ls auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema test ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 school ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.index sys [root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs ##刷新二進制日誌文件 mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@master2 data]# ls ##生成新的二進制日誌文件，接下來的操做會保存在mysql-bin.000002中 auto.cnf ib_logfile0 mysql mysql-bin.index sys ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000001 performance_schema test ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.000002 school
3，進入數據庫，模擬誤操做
[root@master2 data]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##進入數據庫
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from info; ##查看錶
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
+----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by01',66); ##正確操做
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 1 | st01 | 88.0 |
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from info where name='st01'; ##錯誤操做
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into info (name,score) values ('by02',99); ##正確操做
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
| 2 | st02 | 77.0 |
| 3 | by01 | 66.0 |
| 4 | by02 | 99.0 |
+----+------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@master2 data]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs ##刷新二進制日誌文件
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@master2 data]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v mysql-bin.000002 > /opt/bak.txt
##用64位解碼器查看二進制日誌文件，並生成一個文件
[root@master2 data]# cd /opt/
[root@master2 opt]# ls
bak.txt mysql-5.7.20 rh school.sql
[root@master2 opt]# vim bak.txt ##查看二進制日誌文件
# at 1084
#191127 20:14:01 server id 1 end_log_pos 1132 CRC32 0xdcc90eb5 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` ##第一次正確操做的時間和位置
### SET
### @1=3
### @2='by01'
### @3=66.0
...
# at 1302 ##中止位置點
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1357 CRC32 0x6648509a Table_map: `school`.`info` mapped to number 221
# at 1357
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1405 CRC32 0x1eeb752b Delete_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM `school`.`info` ##第二次執行錯誤操做的時間和位置191127 20:14:46
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='st01'
### @3=88.0
# at 1405 ##開始位置點
#191127 20:14:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 1436 CRC32 0xf1c8d903 Xid = 54
...
# at 1630
#191127 20:15:16 server id 1 end_log_pos 1678 CRC32 0x08d9b0f4 Write_rows: table id 221 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`info` ##第二次正確操做的時間和位置191127 20:15:16
### SET
### @1=4
### @2='by02'
### @3=99.0
4，基於時間點進行斷點恢復
[root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##進入數據庫 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> drop table info; ##刪除數據庫 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from info; ##查看錶 ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'school.info' doesn't exist mysql> source /opt/school.sql ##恢復徹底備份數據庫腳本 ... mysql> show tables; ##查看錶 +------------------+ | Tables_in_school | +------------------+ | info | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from info; ##查看錶數據 +----+------+-------+ | id | name | score | +----+------+-------+ | 1 | st01 | 88.0 | | 2 | st02 | 77.0 | +----+------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-datetime='2019-11-27 20:14:46' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 ##恢復bin.000002中前一個正確的執行語句（從第二個錯誤語句時間點中止） mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##進入數據庫 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select * from info; ##查看錶數據，恢復了第一次正確操做 +----+------+-------+ | id | name | score | +----+------+-------+ | 1 | st01 | 88.0 | | 2 | st02 | 77.0 | | 3 | by01 | 66.0 | +----+------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime='2019-11-27 20:15:16' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 ##跳過錯誤節點，恢復最後一個正確的操做（從最後一個正確的操做時間點開始） mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##進入數據庫 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select * from info; ##查看錶數據，恢復了第二次正確操做，跳過了錯誤的操做 +----+------+-------+ | id | name | score | +----+------+-------+ | 1 | st01 | 88.0 | | 2 | st02 | 77.0 | | 3 | by01 | 66.0 | | 4 | by02 | 99.0 | +----+------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5，基於位置點進行斷點恢復
mysql> delete from info where name='by01'; ##爲實驗方便直接刪除 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> delete from info where name='by02'; ##刪除 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from info; ##徹底備份的初始狀態 +----+------+-------+ | id | name | score | +----+------+-------+ | 1 | st01 | 88.0 | | 2 | st02 | 77.0 | +----+------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --stop-position='1302' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 ##跳過錯誤操做的位置點從上一個位置點開始 [root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##進入數據庫 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select * from info; ##查看錶數據，恢復了第一次正確的操做 +----+------+-------+ | id | name | score | +----+------+-------+ | 1 | st01 | 88.0 | | 2 | st02 | 77.0 | | 3 | by01 | 66.0 | +----+------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='1405' /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 ##從錯誤的位置後一個位置點開始，跳過錯誤操做的位置點 [root@master2 opt]# mysql -uroot -p123123 ##進入數據庫 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysql> use school; ##使用數據庫 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select * from info; ##查看錶數據，跳過錯誤操做，恢復第二次正確操做數據 +----+------+-------+ | id | name | score | +----+------+-------+ | 1 | st01 | 88.0 | | 2 | st02 | 77.0 | | 3 | by01 | 66.0 | | 4 | by02 | 99.0 | +----+------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6，對於增量備份所有恢復
[root@master2 opt]# mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p123123 ##所有增量恢復
謝謝閱讀！
相關文章
- 1. MySQL全量、增量備份與恢復
- 2. MySQL全量、增量備份與恢復 （理論+實踐篇）
- 3. 【MySQL】全量+增量的備份/恢復
- 4. Mysql增量備份與恢復實例
- 5. MySQL增量備份與恢復--實驗
- 6. MySQL增量備份與恢復實例
- 7. 實戰 xtrabackup 全量備份&恢復 MySQL
- 8. MySQL——全量，增量備份與恢復（理論篇）
- 9. 第五篇： mysql數據備份與恢復（完全備份與 恢復、增量備份與恢復）
- 10. MySQL增量備份與恢復
- 更多相關文章...
- • PHP 超級全局變量 - PHP教程
- • MySQL數據庫恢復（LOAD DATA） - MySQL教程
- • Java Agent入門實戰（一）-Instrumentation介紹與使用
- • Docker容器實戰(六) - 容器的隔離與限制
相關標籤/搜索
每日一句
-
每一个你不满意的现在，都有一个你没有努力的曾经。
最新文章
- 1. 字節跳動21屆秋招運營兩輪面試經驗分享
- 2. Java 3 年，25K 多嗎？
- 3. mysql安裝部署
- 4. web前端開發中父鏈和子鏈方式實現通信
- 5. 3.1.6 spark體系之分佈式計算-scala編程-scala中trait特性
- 6. dataframe2
- 7. ThinkFree在線
- 8. 在線畫圖
- 9. devtools熱部署
- 10. 編譯和鏈接
歡迎關注本站公眾號,獲取更多信息
