1.查詢一張表:
select * from 表名;
2.查詢指定字段:
select 字段1,字段2,字段3….from 表名;
3.where條件查詢:select
字段1,字段2,字段3 frome 表名 where 條件表達式;
例:select * from t_studect where id=1;
select * from t_student where age>22;
4.帶in關鍵字查詢:
select
字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]in(元素1,元素2);
例:
select * from t_student where age in (21,23);
select * from t_student where age not in (21,23);
5.帶between and的範圍查詢:
select
字段1,字段2 frome 表名 where 字段 [not]between 取值1 and 取值2;
例:select * frome t_student where age between 21 and 29;
select * frome t_student where age not between 21 and 29;
6.帶like的模糊查詢:
select
字段1,字段2… frome 表名 where 字段 [not] like ‘字符串’;
「%」表明任意字符;
「_」表明單個字符;
例:
select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘張三」;
select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘張三%」;
select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘%張三%」;//含有張三的任意字符
select * frome t_student where stuName like ‘張三_」
7.空值查詢:
select
字段1,字段2…
frome 表名 where 字段 is[not] null;
8.帶and的多條件查詢:
select
字段1,字段2…
frome 表名 where 條件表達式1 and 條件表達式2 [and 條件表達式n]
例:
select * frome t_student where gradeName=’一年級’ and age=23;
9.帶or的多條件查詢
select
字段1,字段2…
frome 表名 where 條件表達式1 or 條件表達式2 [or 條件表達式n]
例:
select * frome t_student where gradeName=’一年級’ or age=23;//或者,條件只要知足一個
10.distinct去重複查詢:select distinct 字段名 from 表名;
11.對查詢結果排序order by:select 字段1,字段2…from 表名 order by 屬性名 [asc|desc]
例:
select * frome t_student order by age desc;//降序,從大到小
select * frome t_student order by age asc;//升序,asc默承認以不寫
12.分組查詢group by
group by 屬性名 [having 條件表達式][with rollup]
1.單獨使用(毫無心義,不能單獨使用);
2.與group_concat()函數一塊兒使用;
例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;
3.與聚合函數一塊兒使用;
例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName;
4.與having一塊兒使用(顯示輸出的結果);
例:select gradeName,count(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName having count(stuName)>3
;
5.與with rollup 一塊兒使用(最後加入一個總和行);
例:select gradeName,group_concat(stuName) from t_student group by gradeName with rollup;
13.limit 分頁查詢:select 字段1,字段2,…from 表名 limit 初始位置,記錄數;
例子:select * from t_student limit 0,5;
多表鏈接查詢
表一:t_book
表二:t_bookType
表三:t_priceLevel
select * from t_book,t_bookType;
1.內鏈接查詢(兩張或以上的錶鏈接起來查詢須要的數據)
根據表一的bookTypeId查詢出全部bookTypeName
select * from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
查詢某幾個字段:
select bookNme,author from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
2.外鏈接查詢(
兩張或以上的錶鏈接起來
查詢某張表的信息)
3.左鏈接查詢
select * from t_book
left join t_bookType
on t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
以下圖:表一(左邊表)t_book的數據所有查出 表二沒有的字段用null代替
4.右鏈接查詢
select * from t_book
right join t_bookType
on t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id;
查出表二(右邊表)的全部信息,表一沒有的用null代替
5.多條件鏈接查詢
select * from t_book,t_bookType where t_book.bookTypeId=t_bookType.id
and t_book.price>70;
子查詢
1.帶
in關鍵字的子查詢(一個查詢語句的條件可能落在另外一個select語句的查詢結果中)
select * from t_book where bookType
in(select id from t_bookType);
select * from t_book where bookType
not in(select id from t_bookType);
2.帶比較運算符的子查詢(子查詢能夠使用比較運算符)
select * from t_book where price
>=(select price from t_priceLevel where priceLevel=1);
3.帶exists關鍵字的子查詢(加入子查詢查詢到記錄,則進行外層查詢,不然,不執行外層查詢)
select * from t_book where
exists(select * from t_booktype);
select * from t_book where
not exists(select * from t_booktype);
4.帶any關鍵字的子查詢(any關鍵字表示知足其中任一條件)
select * from t_book where price
>= any(select price from t_priceLevel);
5.帶all關鍵字的子查詢(all關鍵字表示知足全部條件)
select * from t_book where price
>= all(select price from t_priceLevel);
合併查詢
1.union
使用union關鍵字是,數據庫系統會將全部的查詢結果合併到一塊兒,而後去掉相同的記錄;
select id from t_book
union select id from t_bookType;
2.union all
使用union all,不會去除掉重複的記錄;
select id from t_book
union all select id from t_bookType;