IOS 多線程編程


多線程在各類編程語言中都是難點,不少語言中實現起來很麻煩,objective-c雖然源於c,但其多線程編程卻至關簡單,能夠與java相媲美。這篇 文章主要從線程建立與啓動、線程的同步與鎖、線程的交互、線程池等等四個方面簡單的講解一下iphone中的多線程編程。java

1、線程建立與啓動
線程建立主要有二種方式:objective-c

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- (id)init;	// designated initializer
- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument;

固然,還有一種比較特殊,就是使用所謂的convenient method,這個方法能夠直接生成一個線程並啓動它,並且無需爲線程的清理負責。這個方法的接口是:編程

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+ (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument

前兩種方法建立後,須要手機啓動,啓動的方法是:安全

- (void)start;多線程

2、線程的同步與鎖
要說明線程的同步與鎖,最好的例子可能就是多個窗口同時售票的售票系統了。咱們知道在java中,使用synchronized來同步,而iphone雖 然沒有提供相似java下的synchronized關鍵字,但提供了NSCondition對象接口。查看NSCondition的接口說明能夠看 出,NSCondition是iphone下的鎖對象,因此咱們可使用NSCondition實現iphone中的線程安全。這是來源於網上的一個例 子:
SellTicketsAppDelegate.h 文件app

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//  SellTicketsAppDelegate.h
import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
 
@interface SellTicketsAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
     int tickets;
     int count;
     NSThread* ticketsThreadone;
     NSThread* ticketsThreadtwo;
     NSCondition* ticketsCondition;
     UIWindow *window;
 }
@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
@end

SellTicketsAppDelegate.m 文件iphone

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//  SellTicketsAppDelegate.m
import "SellTicketsAppDelegate.h"
 
@implementation SellTicketsAppDelegate
@synthesize window;
 
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
     tickets = 100;
     count = 0;
     // 鎖對象
     ticketCondition = [[NSCondition alloc] init];
     ticketsThreadone = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
     [ticketsThreadone setName:@"Thread-1"];
     [ticketsThreadone start];  
 
 
     ticketsThreadtwo = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
     [ticketsThreadtwo setName:@"Thread-2"];
     [ticketsThreadtwo start];
     //[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
      // Override point for customization after application launch
     [window makeKeyAndVisible]; 
 
 }
 
- (void)run{
     while (TRUE) {
     	// 上鎖
         [ticketsCondition lock];
         if(tickets > 0){
             [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.5];
             count = 100 - tickets;
             NSLog(@"當前票數是:%d,售出:%d,線程名:%@",tickets,count,[[NSThread currentThread] name]);
             tickets--;
         }else{
             break;
         }
         [ticketsCondition unlock];
     }
 }
 
- (void)dealloc {
	[ticketsThreadone release];
     [ticketsThreadtwo release];
     [ticketsCondition release]; 
     [window release];
     [super dealloc];
}
@end

3、線程的交互
線程在運行過程當中,可能須要與其它線程進行通訊,如在主線程中修改界面等等,可使用以下接口:編程語言

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- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait

因爲在本過程當中,可能須要釋放一些資源,則須要使用NSAutoreleasePool來進行管理,如:ide

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- (void)startTheBackgroundJob {
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
    // to do something in your thread job
    ...
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(makeMyProgressBarMoving) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
    [pool release];
}

若是你什麼都不考慮,在線程函數內調用 autorelease 、那麼會出現下面的錯誤:
NSAutoReleaseNoPool(): Object 0x********* of class NSConreteData autoreleased with no pool in place ….函數

4、關於線程池,你們能夠查看NSOperation的相關資料。
原文連接:http://www.voland.com.cn/iphone-in-the-multi-threaded-programming

轉載編輯: Fgamers
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