# Leetcode 14:Longest Common Prefix 最長公共前綴

公衆號:愛寫bugjava

Write a function to find the longest common prefix string amongst an array of strings.python

If there is no common prefix, return an empty string "".數組

編寫一個函數來查找字符串數組中的最長公共前綴。app

若是不存在公共前綴,返回空字符串 ""函數

Example 1:ui

Input: ["flower","flow","flight"]
Output: "fl"

Example 2:spa

Input: ["dog","racecar","car"]
Output: ""
Explanation: There is no common prefix among the input strings.

Note:.net

All given inputs are in lowercase letters a-z.code

說明:component

全部輸入只包含小寫字母 a-z

解題思路Java:

​ 很簡單又很經典的一道題,個人思路起先是 把第字符串組第一個字符串轉爲char型。利用StringBuilder逐一累加相同字符。因爲字符串長度不一,能夠先遍歷找出最小長度字符串,這裏我選擇拋錯的形式,減小一次遍歷。

代碼:

class Solution {
    public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
        int strLen=strs.length;
        if(strLen==0) return "";//空字符串組返回""
        char[] temp=strs[0].toCharArray();
        StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i=0;i<strs[0].length();i++){//以第一個字符串長度開始比較
            for (int j=1;j<strLen;j++){
                try {
                    if(temp[i]!=strs[j].charAt(i)){
                        return str.toString();
                    }
                }catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e){//拋出錯誤,這裏錯誤是指索引超出字符串長度
                    return strs[j];
                }
            }
            str.append(temp[i]);
        }
        return strs[0];
    }
}

​ 後面想到Java有 subString() 方法,可指定長度截取字符串,無需轉爲 char[] 型,可是在 Leetcode 提交時反而不如上面這種方式運算快,這也說明了Java不支持運算符重載,使用 substring() 每次新建一個String字符串,效率並不高。

​ 最後看到一個方法,大體思路是找到最小長度字符串,從大到小截取字符串,既然用到 subString() 方法,不如就從後向前,由於題目是找出最長公衆前綴,從大到小效率很高。具體請看:

public class Solution {
    public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
        if(strs.length==0) return "";
		int min=Integer.MAX_VALUE;
		String minStr="";
		for(int i=0;i<strs.length;i++){//找出最小長度字符串
			if(min>strs[i].length()){
				minStr=strs[i];
				min=strs[i].length();
			}
		}
		if(min==0) return "";
		for(int i=min;i>=0;i--){//最小長度字符串從長到短截取
			String standard=minStr.substring(0, i);
			int j=0;
			for(j=0;j<strs.length;j++){
				if(strs[j].substring(0, i).equals(standard)) continue;
				else break;
			}
			if(j==strs.length) return standard;
		}
		return "";
    }
}

原代碼連接: http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-vdxjqbyf-bx.html

解題思路py3:

​ 再次投機取巧,os.path 封裝函數 commonprefix() 一步到位。

代碼:

class Solution(object):
    def longestCommonPrefix(self, strs):
        import os
        return os.path.commonprefix(strs)

​ 其實該函數是利用ASCll碼比較的特性來編寫的,源碼:

def commonprefix(m):
    "Given a list of pathnames, returns the longest common leading component"
    if not m: return ''
    # Some people pass in a list of pathname parts to operate in an OS-agnostic
    # fashion; don't try to translate in that case as that's an abuse of the
    # API and they are already doing what they need to be OS-agnostic and so
    # they most likely won't be using an os.PathLike object in the sublists.
    if not isinstance(m[0], (list, tuple)):
        m = tuple(map(os.fspath, m))
    s1 = min(m)
    s2 = max(m)
    for i, c in enumerate(s1)://枚舉獲得s1的每個字符及其索引
        if c != s2[i]:
            return s1[:i]
    return s1

儘管如此,py3這段代碼的執行速度依然遠比Java慢的多。

**注:**ASCll碼比較大小並不是是按照全部字符的ASCll累加之和比較,是從一個字符串第一個字符開始比較大小,若是不相同直接得出大小結果,後面的字符不在比較。

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