簡單來講,Sidecar 注入會將額外容器的配置添加到 Pod 模板中。這裏特指將Envoy容器注應用所在Pod中。web
Istio 服務網格目前所需的容器有:docker
istio-init
用於設置 iptables 規則,以便將入站/出站流量經過 Sidecar 代理。shell
初始化容器與應用程序容器在如下方面有所不一樣:json
所以,您能夠看到,對於不須要成爲實際應用容器一部分的設置或初始化做業來講,這種容器是多麼的完美。在這種狀況下,istio-init
就是這樣作並設置了 iptables
規則。api
istio-proxy
這個容器是真正的 Sidecar 代理(基於 Envoy)。服務器
下面的內容描述了向 pod 中注入 Istio Sidecar 的兩種方法:app
istioctl
手動注入手動注入直接修改配置,如 deployment,並將代理配置注入其中。ide
當 pod 所屬namespace
啓用自動注入後,自動注入器會使用准入控制器在建立 Pod 時自動注入代理配置。函數
經過應用 istio-sidecar-injector
ConfigMap 中定義的模版進行注入。jsonp
當你在一個namespace
中設置了 istio-injection=enabled
標籤,且 injection webhook 被啓用後,任何新的 pod 都有將在建立時自動添加 Sidecar. 請注意,區別於手動注入,自動注入發生在 pod 層面。你將看不到 deployment 自己有任何更改 。
kubectl label namespace default istio-inhection=enabled kubectl get namespace -L istio-injection NAME STATUS AGE ISTIO-INJECTION default Active 1h enabled istio-system Active 1h kube-public Active 1h kube-system Active 1h
注入發生在 pod 建立時。殺死正在運行的 pod 並驗證新建立的 pod 是否注入 sidecar。原來的 pod 具備 READY 爲 1/1 的容器,注入 sidecar 後的 pod 則具備 READY 爲 2/2 的容器 。
自動注入是利用了k8s Admission webhook 實現的。 Admission webhook 是一種用於接收准入請求並對其進行處理的 HTTP 回調機制, 它能夠更改發送到 API 服務器的對象以執行自定義的設置默認值操做。 具體細節能夠查閱 Admission webhook 文檔。
istio 對應的istio-sidecar-injector webhook配置,默認會回調istio-sidecar-injector service的/inject
地址。
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: MutatingWebhookConfiguration metadata: name: istio-sidecar-injector webhooks: - name: sidecar-injector.istio.io clientConfig: service: name: istio-sidecar-injector namespace: istio-system path: "/inject" caBundle: ${CA_BUNDLE} rules: - operations: [ "CREATE" ] apiGroups: [""] apiVersions: ["v1"] resources: ["pods"] namespaceSelector: matchLabels: istio-injection: enabled
回調API入口代碼在 pkg/kube/inject/webhook.go
中
// 建立一個用於自動注入sidecar的新實例 func NewWebhook(p WebhookParameters) (*Webhook, error) { // ...省略一萬字... wh := &Webhook{ Config: sidecarConfig, sidecarTemplateVersion: sidecarTemplateVersionHash(sidecarConfig.Template), meshConfig: p.Env.Mesh(), configFile: p.ConfigFile, valuesFile: p.ValuesFile, valuesConfig: valuesConfig, watcher: watcher, healthCheckInterval: p.HealthCheckInterval, healthCheckFile: p.HealthCheckFile, env: p.Env, revision: p.Revision, } //api server 回調函數,監聽/inject回調 p.Mux.HandleFunc("/inject", wh.serveInject) p.Mux.HandleFunc("/inject/", wh.serveInject) // ...省略一萬字... return wh, nil }
serveInject
邏輯
func (wh *Webhook) serveInject(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // ...省略一萬字... var reviewResponse *v1beta1.AdmissionResponse ar := v1beta1.AdmissionReview{} if _, _, err := deserializer.Decode(body, nil, &ar); err != nil { handleError(fmt.Sprintf("Could not decode body: %v", err)) reviewResponse = toAdmissionResponse(err) } else { //執行具體的inject邏輯 reviewResponse = wh.inject(&ar, path) } // 響應inject sidecar後的內容給k8s api server response := v1beta1.AdmissionReview{} if reviewResponse != nil { response.Response = reviewResponse if ar.Request != nil { response.Response.UID = ar.Request.UID } } // ...省略一萬字... } // 注入邏輯實現 func (wh *Webhook) inject(ar *v1beta1.AdmissionReview, path string) *v1beta1.AdmissionResponse { // ...省略一萬字... // injectRequired判斷是否有設置自動注入 if !injectRequired(ignoredNamespaces, wh.Config, &pod.Spec, &pod.ObjectMeta) { log.Infof("Skipping %s/%s due to policy check", pod.ObjectMeta.Namespace, podName) totalSkippedInjections.Increment() return &v1beta1.AdmissionResponse{ Allowed: true, } } // ...省略一萬字... // 返回須要注入Pod的對象 spec, iStatus, err := InjectionData(wh.Config.Template, wh.valuesConfig, wh.sidecarTemplateVersion, typeMetadata, deployMeta, &pod.Spec, &pod.ObjectMeta, wh.meshConfig, path) // nolint: lll if err != nil { handleError(fmt.Sprintf("Injection data: err=%v spec=%vn", err, iStatus)) return toAdmissionResponse(err) } // 執行容器注入邏輯 patchBytes, err := createPatch(&pod, injectionStatus(&pod), wh.revision, annotations, spec, deployMeta.Name, wh.meshConfig) if err != nil { handleError(fmt.Sprintf("AdmissionResponse: err=%v spec=%vn", err, spec)) return toAdmissionResponse(err) } reviewResponse := v1beta1.AdmissionResponse{ Allowed: true, Patch: patchBytes, PatchType: func() *v1beta1.PatchType { pt := v1beta1.PatchTypeJSONPatch return &pt }(), } return &reviewResponse }
injectRequired
函數
func injectRequired(ignored []string, config *Config, podSpec *corev1.PodSpec, metadata *metav1.ObjectMeta) bool { // HostNetwork模式直接跳過注入 if podSpec.HostNetwork { return false } // k8s系統命名空間(kube-system/kube-public)跳過注入 for _, namespace := range ignored { if metadata.Namespace == namespace { return false } } annos := metadata.GetAnnotations() if annos == nil { annos = map[string]string{} } var useDefault bool var inject bool // 優先判斷是否申明瞭`sidecar.istio.io/inject` 註解,會覆蓋命名配置 switch strings.ToLower(annos[annotation.SidecarInject.Name]) { case "y", "yes", "true", "on": inject = true case "": // 使用命名空間配置 useDefault = true } // 指定Pod不須要注入Sidecar的標籤選擇器 if useDefault { for _, neverSelector := range config.NeverInjectSelector { selector, err := metav1.LabelSelectorAsSelector(&neverSelector) if err != nil { } else if !selector.Empty() && selector.Matches(labels.Set(metadata.Labels)) // 設置不須要注入 inject = false useDefault = false break } } } // 老是將 sidecar 注入匹配標籤選擇器的 pod 中,而忽略全局策略 if useDefault { for _, alwaysSelector := range config.AlwaysInjectSelector { selector, err := metav1.LabelSelectorAsSelector(&alwaysSelector) if err != nil { log.Warnf("Invalid selector for AlwaysInjectSelector: %v (%v)", alwaysSelector, err) } else if !selector.Empty() && selector.Matches(labels.Set(metadata.Labels)){ // 設置須要注入 inject = true useDefault = false break } } } // 若是都沒有配置則使用默認注入策略 var required bool switch config.Policy { default: // InjectionPolicyOff log.Errorf("Illegal value for autoInject:%s, must be one of [%s,%s]. Auto injection disabled!", config.Policy, InjectionPolicyDisabled, InjectionPolicyEnabled) required = false case InjectionPolicyDisabled: if useDefault { required = false } else { required = inject } case InjectionPolicyEnabled: if useDefault { required = true } else { required = inject } } return required }
從上面咱們能夠看出,是否注入Sidecar的優先級爲
Pod Annotations → NeverInjectSelector → AlwaysInjectSelector → Default Policy
createPath
函數
func createPatch(pod *corev1.Pod, prevStatus *SidecarInjectionStatus, revision string, annotations map[string]string, sic *SidecarInjectionSpec, workloadName string, mesh *meshconfig.MeshConfig) ([]byte, error) { var patch []rfc6902PatchOperation // ...省略一萬字... // 注入初始化啓動容器 patch = append(patch, addContainer(pod.Spec.InitContainers, sic.InitContainers, "/spec/initContainers")...) // 注入Sidecar容器 patch = append(patch, addContainer(pod.Spec.Containers, sic.Containers, "/spec/containers")...) // 注入掛載卷 patch = append(patch, addVolume(pod.Spec.Volumes, sic.Volumes, "/spec/volumes")...) patch = append(patch, addImagePullSecrets(pod.Spec.ImagePullSecrets, sic.ImagePullSecrets, "/spec/imagePullSecrets")...) // 注入新註解 patch = append(patch, updateAnnotation(pod.Annotations, annotations)...) // ...省略一萬字... return json.Marshal(patch) }
總結:能夠看到,整個注入過程實際就是本來的Pod配置反解析成Pod對象,把須要注入的Yaml內容(如:Sidecar)反序列成對象而後append到對應Pod (如:Container)上,而後再把修改後的Pod從新解析成yaml 內容返回給k8s的api server,而後k8s 拿着修改後內容再將這兩個容器調度到同一臺機器進行部署,至此就完成了對應Sidecar的注入。
kubectl delete mutatingwebhookconfiguration istio-sidecar-injector kubectl -n istio-system delete service istio-sidecar-injector kubectl -n istio-system delete deployment istio-sidecar-injector kubectl -n istio-system delete serviceaccount istio-sidecar-injector-service-account kubectl delete clusterrole istio-sidecar-injector-istio-system kubectl delete clusterrolebinding istio-sidecar-injector-admin-role-binding-istio-system
上面的命令不會從 pod 中移除注入的 sidecar。須要進行滾動更新或者直接刪除對應的pod,並強制 deployment 從新建立新pod。
手動注入 deployment ,須要使用 使用 istioctl kube-inject
istioctl kube-inject -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml | kubectl apply -f -
默認狀況下將使用集羣內的配置,或者使用該配置的本地副原本完成注入。
kubectl -n istio-system get configmap istio-sidecar-injector -o=jsonpath='{.data.config}' > inject-config.yaml kubectl -n istio-system get configmap istio-sidecar-injector -o=jsonpath='{.data.values}' > inject-values.yaml kubectl -n istio-system get configmap istio -o=jsonpath='{.data.mesh}' > mesh-config.yaml
指定輸入文件,運行 kube-inject
並部署
istioctl kube-inject --injectConfigFile inject-config.yaml --meshConfigFile mesh-config.yaml --valuesFile inject-values.yaml --filename samples/sleep/sleep.yaml | kubectl apply -f -
驗證 sidecar 已經被注入到 READY 列下 2/2
的 sleep pod 中
kubectl get pod -l app=sleep NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE sleep-64c6f57bc8-f5n4x 2/2 Running 0 24s
手動注入的代碼入口在 istioctl/cmd/kubeinject.go
手工注入跟自動注入仍是有些差別的。手動注入是改變了Deployment
。咱們能夠看下它具體作了哪些動做:
Deployment
注入前配置:
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: hello spec: replicas: 7 selector: matchLabels: app: hello tier: backend track: stable template: metadata: labels: app: hello tier: backend track: stable spec: containers: - name: hello image: "fake.docker.io/google-samples/hello-go-gke:1.0" ports: - name: http containerPort: 80
Deployment
注入後配置:
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: hello spec: replicas: 7 selector: matchLabels: app: hello tier: backend track: stable strategy: {} template: metadata: annotations: sidecar.istio.io/status: '{"version":"2343d4598565fd00d328a3388421ee637d25d3f7068e7d5cadef374ee1a06b37","initContainers":["istio-init"],"containers":["istio-proxy"],"volumes":null,"imagePullSecrets":null}' creationTimestamp: null labels: app: hello istio.io/rev: "" security.istio.io/tlsMode: istio tier: backend track: stable spec: containers: - image: fake.docker.io/google-samples/hello-go-gke:1.0 name: hello ports: - containerPort: 80 name: http resources: {} - image: docker.io/istio/proxy_debug:unittest name: istio-proxy resources: {} initContainers: - image: docker.io/istio/proxy_init:unittest-test name: istio-init resources: {} securityContext: fsGroup: 1337 status: {} ---
能夠新增了一個容器鏡像
- image: docker.io/istio/proxy_debug:unittest name: istio-proxy resources: {}
那麼注入的內容模板從哪裏獲取,這裏有兩個選項。
若是在操做時發現Sidecar沒有注入成功能夠根據注入的方式查看上面的注入流程來查找問題。
https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/
https://istio.io/zh/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-kube-inject