Java springcloud B2B2C o2o多用戶商城 springcloud架構（二）服務消費者（rest+ribbon）

1、ribbon簡介

Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.

—–摘自官網

ribbon是一個負載均衡客戶端，能夠很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行爲。Feign默認集成了ribbon。

ribbon 已經默認實現了這些配置bean：

• IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl

• IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule

• IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing

• ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList

• ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

• ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

2、準備工做

這一篇文章基於上一篇文章的工程，啓動eureka-server 工程；啓動service-hi工程，它的端口爲8762；將service-hi的配置文件的端口改成8763,並啓動，這時你會發現：service-hi在eureka-server註冊了2個實例，這就至關於一個小的集羣。訪問localhost:8761如圖所示：

3、建一個服務消費者

從新新建一個spring-boot工程，取名爲：service-ribbon;
在它的pom.xml文件分別引入起步依賴spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web，代碼以下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
    <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
    <name>service-ribbon</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
 
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
 
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

</project>複製代碼

在工程的配置文件指定服務的註冊中心地址爲http://localhost:8761/eureka/，程序名稱爲 service-ribbon，程序端口爲8764。配置文件application.yml以下：

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8764
spring:
  application:
    name: service-ribbon複製代碼

在工程的啓動類中,經過@EnableDiscoveryClient向服務中心註冊；而且向程序的ioc注入一個bean: restTemplate;並經過@LoadBalanced註解代表這個restRemplate開啓負載均衡的功能。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
    }
 
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
 
}複製代碼

寫一個測試類HelloService，經過以前注入ioc容器的restTemplate來消費service-hi服務的「/hi」接口，在這裏咱們直接用的程序名替代了具體的url地址，在ribbon中它會根據服務名來選擇具體的服務實例，根據服務實例在請求的時候會用具體的url替換掉服務名，代碼以下：

@Service
public class HelloService {
 
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
    public String hiService(String name) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
    }
 
}複製代碼

寫一個controller，在controller中用調用HelloService 的方法，代碼以下：

/**
 * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6.
 */
@RestController
public class HelloControler {
 
    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
        return helloService.hiService(name);
    }
 
 
}複製代碼

在瀏覽器上屢次訪問http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp，瀏覽器交替顯示：

hi forezp,i am from port:8762

hi forezp,i am from port:8763

這說明當咱們經過調用restTemplate.getForObject(「http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=「+name,String.class)方法時，已經作了負載均衡，訪問了不一樣的端口的服務實例。

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