ORACLE中的異常處理 .

一、ORALCE自帶一些命名的系統異常，以下：

Oracle Exception Name
 Oracle Error
 Explanation
 中文註釋
 
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
 ORA-00001
 You tried to execute an INSERT or UPDATE statement that has created a duplicate value in a field restricted by a unique index.
 插入或者更新語句，與惟一索引相沖突。
 
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
 ORA-00051
 You were waiting for a resource and you timed out.
 等待資源超時
 
TRANSACTION_BACKED_OUT
 ORA-00061
 The remote portion of a transaction has rolled back.
 遠程交易的部份交易已經回滾
 
INVALID_CURSOR
 ORA-01001
 You tried to reference a cursor that does not yet exist. This may have happened because you've executed a FETCH cursor or CLOSE cursor before OPENing the cursor.
 引用一個不存在的遊標，如FETCH或者是CLOSE在其OPEN以前等。
 
NOT_LOGGED_ON
 ORA-01012
 You tried to execute a call to Oracle before logging in.
 在登錄ORACLE以前執行調用錯誤
 
LOGIN_DENIED
 ORA-01017
 You tried to log into Oracle with an invalid username/password combination.
 登錄時用戶名或者密碼非法。
 
NO_DATA_FOUND
 ORA-01403
 You tried one of the following:

1. You executed a SELECT INTO statement and no rows were returned.

2. You referenced an uninitialized row in a table.

3. You read past the end of file with the UTL_FILE package.
 執行查詢無數據、引用一個末初使化的表、經過UTL_FILE包調用到尾的文件
 
TOO_MANY_ROWS
 ORA-01422
 You tried to execute a SELECT INTO statement and more than one row was returned.
 採用SELECT INTO語句，但返回的記錄超過了1條
 
ZERO_DIVIDE
 ORA-01476
 You tried to divide a number by zero.
 0爲除數
 
INVALID_NUMBER
 ORA-01722
 You tried to execute an SQL statement that tried to convert a string to a number, but it was unsuccessful.
 將字符串轉換成數字，可是轉換失敗
 
STORAGE_ERROR
 ORA-06500
 You ran out of memory or memory was corrupted.
 內存不足
 
PROGRAM_ERROR
 ORA-06501
 This is a generic "Contact Oracle support" message because an internal problem was encountered.
 系統自身程序錯誤
 
VALUE_ERROR
 ORA-06502
 You tried to perform an operation and there was a error on a conversion, truncation, or invalid constraining of numeric or character data.
 在執行轉換、截斷、非法轉換數據到文本出錯
 
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN
 ORA-06511
 You tried to open a cursor that is already open.
 打開一個已經打開的遊標
 

二、也能夠採用自定義的異常的名字：

declare

    myexception exception;

begin

    if 1<>2 then

        raise myexception;

    end if;

    exception

        when myexception then

            /*注：raise_application_error的語法爲raise_application_error(erorcd in int,erortx in varchar 2)，其中erorcd的值爲20001到20999*/

            raise_application_error(20001,'my exception happens');

        when others then

            raise_application_error(-20001,'An error was encountered - '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);

end

三、存儲過程可能要涉及到層層調用，所以在每一次都須要寫異常處理，這讓程序會更健壯。