Spring源碼分析 從web.xml 中ContextLoaderListener看Spring 容器與web容器聯繫

Spring IOC容器如何與web容器創建聯繫,使得在web環境下能運用Spring 容器去管理對象,這要從web.xml配置文件中的ContextLoaderListener提及。它是Spring容器與web容器創建聯繫的入口,這裏就先拋磚引玉啦。web

先來看看web.xml配置文件中的spring

<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>
			classpath:spring/spring-context.xml,
			classpath:spring/spring-datasource.xml,
			classpath:spring/spring-context-shiro.xml
		</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

這個你們一字很熟悉,這即是Spring容器與web容器創建聯繫的入口。來看看ContextLoaderListener的源碼app

public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
	public ContextLoaderListener() {
	}
	public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
		super(context);
	}
	@Override
	public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
		initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
	}
	@Override
	public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
		closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
		ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());
	}
}

能夠看到其實現了ServletContextListener 接口,這樣即可以從web.xml文件中加載ServletContext一些配置信息,兼聽ServletContext上下文的變化狀況。ServletContextListener 有兩個方法contextInitialized 與contextDestroyed,contextInitialized 在容器啓動時調用,contextDestroyed在容器關閉前調用。 能夠看到在ContextLoaderListener中 contextInitialized 內部調用了父類ContextLoader 的initWebApplicationContext方法,這即是Spring容器初始化的入口。ide

public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
	//判斷是否已初始化過Spring容器,若是有拋出異常
	if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
					"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
		}

		Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
		servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
			// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
			if (this.context == null) {
                               //建立Spring容器,默認狀況下爲XmlWebApplicationContext
				this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
			}
			if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
						// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
						ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
						cwac.setParent(parent);
					}
                                        //配置Spring容器,加載servletContext的一些配置文件
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
				}
			}
//將WebApplicationContext對象保存在ServletContext上下文中以便使用
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

			ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
			if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
				currentContext = this.context;
			}
			else if (ccl != null) {
				currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
			}

			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
						WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
			}
			if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
				long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
				logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
			}

			return this.context;
		}

這裏忽視一些細節,重點看看initWebApplicationContext方法中this

  1. this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
  2. configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext); 3.servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

createWebApplicationContext //建立Spring容器,默認狀況下爲XmlWebApplicationContext this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext) context是ContextLoader的成員變量,其類型爲WebApplicationContext,WebApplicationContext續承ApplicationContext爲Spring的容器。 再來看看源碼spa

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
	//採用什麼類型的FactoryBean建立Spring 容器
Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
		if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
					"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
		}
		return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
	}

再看determineContextClass源碼debug

protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
		String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
		if (contextClassName != null) {
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
		else {
			contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
	}

默認狀況下在web.xml中不會設置SevletContext的contextClass參數,便根據defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName())查找Spring容器對應的實現類。 defaultStrategies爲ContextLoader的類型爲Properties的靜態成員變量,ContextLoader內有一個靜態初始化塊對其進行初始化。code

static {
		// Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
		// This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
		// by application developers.
		try {
			ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class);
			defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'ContextLoader.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
		}
	}
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class)

這一行代碼能夠看出,初始化塊將找DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH這個路徑的文件,其實是ClassPathResource將到ContextLoader包對應的路徑下面找到ContextLoader.properties文件。 輸入圖片說明xml

再打ContextLoader.properties看看其內容: 輸入圖片說明對象

能夠看到前面說的Spring容器的默認實現類XmlWebApplicationContext,最後這個經過反射createWebApplicationContext將返回XmlWebApplicationContext的對象給ContextLoader的成員變量context。 到這裏**1. this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);**分析結束。

再來看看**2. configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);**的分析 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext源碼:

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
		if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
			String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
			if (idParam != null) {
				wac.setId(idParam);
			}
			else {
				// Generate default id...
				wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
						ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
			}
		}
		wac.setServletContext(sc);
                //獲得web.xml中ServletContext參數contextConfigLocation對應的配置信息
		String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
		if (configLocationParam != null) {
                        //將配置信息進行解析並設置
			wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
		}
		ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
		if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
			((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
		}
		customizeContext(sc, wac);
                //Spring容器真正初始化的地方
		wac.refresh();
	}
String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);

這行代碼將獲得在web.xml中的Spring配置文件的信息,就是一開始 的web.xml的這部分

<context-param>
 		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>
			classpath:spring/spring-context.xml,
			classpath:spring/spring-datasource.xml,
			classpath:spring/spring-context-shiro.xml
		</param-value>
	</context-param>

再來分析一下**wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam)**這行代碼 從上面的分析知道默認狀況下wac爲XmlWebApplicationContext類型的對象。 在XmlWebApplicationContext的父類AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext實現了ConfigurableWebApplicationContext接口,而另外一方面AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext又續承了AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext類。AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext類裏面實現了setConfigLocation方法。

public void setConfigLocation(String location) {
		setConfigLocations(StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(location, CONFIG_LOCATION_DELIMITERS));
	}

String CONFIG_LOCATION_DELIMITERS = ",; \t\n"; 從這裏能夠看出,在web.xml裏面設置contextConfigLocation的param-value時,能夠用",; \t\n"來分隔多個配置文件。

public void setConfigLocations(String... locations) {
		if (locations != null) {
			Assert.noNullElements(locations, "Config locations must not be null");
			this.configLocations = new String[locations.length];
			for (int i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) {
				this.configLocations[i] = resolvePath(locations[i]).trim();
			}
		}
		else {
			this.configLocations = null;
		}
	}

再回到configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext方法中wac.refresh()這一行,這纔是Spring容器真正初始化的地方,因爲後面涉及的東西比較多將在後面專門分析一下。 到這裏2. configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);的分析結束。 再來看看3.servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context); 這個比較簡單就是將上面用反射方法建立的XmlWebApplicationContext對象保存在ServletContext上下文中。因爲本人水平有限不正確的地方,歡迎你們指正。

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