mysql ab複製
關於MySQL AB複製
本文講解如何快速打包和安裝MySQL， MySQL AB複製，MySQL AB雙向複製，MySQL多級主從複製，解決AB雙向複製主鍵衝突。mysql
首先咱們先介紹什麼是MySQL AB複製。linux
AB複製又稱主從複製，實現的是數據同步。若是要作MySQL AB複製，數據庫版本儘可能保持一致。若是版本不一致，從服務器版本高於主服務器，可是版本不一致不能作雙向複製。MySQL AB複製有什麼好處呢？有兩點，第一是解決宕機帶來的數據不一致，由於MySQL AB複製能夠實時備份數據；第二點是減輕數據庫服務器壓力，這點很容易想到，多臺服務器的性能通常比單臺要好。可是MySQL AB複製不適用於大數據量，若是是大數據環境，推薦使用集羣。sql
而後咱們來看看MySQL複製的 3 個主要步驟：數據庫
1)主服務器把數據更改記錄到二進制日誌中，這個操做叫作二進制日誌事件；vim
2)從服務器把主服務器的二進制日誌事件拷貝到本身的中繼日誌（relay log）中；bash
3)從服務器執行中繼日誌中的事件，把更改應用到本身的數據上。服務器
快速打包和安裝MySQL
在正式介紹MySQL AB複製以前，介紹怎樣打包MySQL和快速安裝MySQL。網絡
第一步，製做文件session
[root@serv08 ~]# find /usr/local/mysql/ /etc/my.cnf /etc/init.d/mysqld > mysql
第二步，打包架構
[root@serv08 ~]# tar -cPvzf mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -T mysql [root@serv08 ~]# ll -h total 202M -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 411K Oct 5 19:19 mysql -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 202M Oct 5 19:21 mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
第三步，拷貝文件到實體機
[root@serv08 mysql]# scp mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 192.168.1.1:/home/Wentasy/software/
第四步，拷貝文件到serv01
[root@serv01 ~]# yum install /usr/bin/scp -y [root@larrywen 1005]# scp /home/Wentasy/software/mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 192.168.1.11:/opt root@192.168.1.11's password: mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 100% 201MB 33.5MB/s 00:06
第五步，解壓
[root@serv01 opt]# tar -xPvf mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
第六步，建立組和用戶，注意編號和安裝好數據庫的機器上的用戶一致
[root@serv01 opt]# groupadd -g 500 mysql [root@serv01 opt]# useradd -u 500 -g 500 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql [root@serv01 opt]# id mysql uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql)
第七步，改變MySQL安裝目錄的擁有者和所屬組
[root@serv01 opt]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ -R
第八步，啓動MySQL，作測試
[root@serv01 opt]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@serv01 opt]# mysql -bash: mysql: command not found [root@serv01 opt]# vim ~/.bash_profile [root@serv01 opt]# . !$ . ~/.bash_profile [root@serv01 opt]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
MySQL AB單向複製
好了，相信讀者已經學會怎樣打包MySQL和快速安裝MySQL，接下來正式進入主題，咱們先來看看一主多從架構的拓撲圖：
圖一 一主多從架構
該圖展現了一個 master 複製多個 slave 的架構，多個 slave 和單個 slave 的實施並無實質性的區別，在 master 端並不在意有多少個 slave 鏈接本身，只要有 slave 的 IO 線程經過了鏈接認證，向他請求指定位置以後的 binary log 信息，他就會按照該 IO 線程的要球，讀取本身的binary log 信息，返回給 slave的 IO 線程。
既然對拓撲圖和原理有所瞭解，咱們作一個實驗，介紹如何使用MySQL AB複製：
實驗環境介紹
主機 IP地址 主機名 備註
serv01： 192.168.1.11 serv01.host.com master
serv08： 192.168.1.18 serv08.host.com slave01
操做系統版本：rhel server 6.1
所須要的軟件包：mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
第一步，主服務器建立用戶並清空日誌
mysql> show privileges; mysql> grant replication client, replication slave on *.* to 'larry'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'larry'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show binary logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 27320 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 1035309 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 126 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 279 | +------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show binary logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第二步，修改從服務器的server-id
[root@serv08 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id server-id = 1 #server-id = 2 [root@serv08 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@serv08 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id server-id = 2 #server-id = 2 [root@serv08 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! #能夠查看從服務器中的數據文件 [root@serv08 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data/ [root@serv08 data]# ll total 29752 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Oct 5 19:45 ibdata1 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 19:45 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 18:16 ib_logfile1 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 mysql -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 27320 Oct 5 18:15 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1035309 Oct 5 18:15 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 126 Oct 5 18:16 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 126 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 107 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 95 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.index drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 performance_schema -rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 4775 Oct 5 19:45 serv08.host.com.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Oct 5 19:45 serv08.host.com.pid drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:12 test
第三步，從服務器清空日誌
mysql> show binary logs; ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... Connection id: 1 Current database: *** NONE *** +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 27320 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 1035309 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 126 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 126 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 107 | +------------------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show binary logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status; Empty set (0.00 sec)
第四步，從服務器經過change master to命令修改設置
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.11',
-> master_user='larry',
-> master_password='larry',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=107;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
第五步，開啓slave。
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: serv08-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 107
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
第六步，從服務器查看是否和主服務器通訊成功。若是出現 Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都是yes，則證實配置成功
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: serv08-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 410
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
第七步，從服務器查看數據文件的更改
[root@serv08 data]# ll total 28724 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Oct 5 19:45 ibdata1 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 19:45 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 18:16 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 78 Oct 5 19:49 master.info drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 mysql -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 107 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 19 Oct 5 19:45 mysql-bin.index drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 performance_schema -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 51 Oct 5 19:49 relay-log.info -rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 5589 Oct 5 19:49 serv08.host.com.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Oct 5 19:45 serv08.host.com.pid -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 157 Oct 5 19:49 serv08-relay-bin.000001 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 253 Oct 5 19:49 serv08-relay-bin.000002 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 52 Oct 5 19:49 serv08-relay-bin.index drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:12 test [root@serv08 data]# cat relay-log.info ./serv08-relay-bin.000002 253 mysql-bin.000001 107 [root@serv08 data]# cat master.info 18 mysql-bin.000001 107 192.168.1.11 larry larry 3306
第八步，測試
--serv08查看數據庫 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.02 sec) --serv01建立數據庫 mysql> create database larrydb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) --serv01查看數據庫 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | larrydb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) --serv08查看數據庫，發現已經同步 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | larrydb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) --serv01建立表 插入數據 mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> create table test(id int(11)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into test values(1); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) --serv08查看數據是否同步成功，發現數據已經同步 mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_larrydb | +-------------------+ | test | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第九步，查看進程狀態
--serv01查看進程狀態 mysql> show processlist; +----+-------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+-------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | 1 | root | localhost | larrydb | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist | | 2 | larry | 192.168.1.18:41393 | NULL | Binlog Dump | 854 | Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated | NULL | +----+-------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) --serv08查看進程狀態 mysql> show processlist; +----+-------------+-----------+---------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+-------------+-----------+---------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ | 1 | root | localhost | larrydb | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist | | 2 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 880 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL | | 3 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 65 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL | +----+-------------+-----------+---------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQLAB雙向複製
好了，MySQL AB單向複製介紹完畢。接下來想一想，會有這樣的應用場景。好比Master和Slave之間都要進行數據同步，那麼單向複製是沒法完成的，由於一個是Master，一個是Slave，只能單向操做，這就像網絡裏的半雙工同樣。既然一方能夠向另外一方同步數據，那麼兩方都作成Master 不就能夠實現互相同步數據了。這就是接下來要介紹的MySQL AB雙向複製。一樣咱們來看看MySQL AB雙向複製的拓撲圖。
圖二 MySQL AB雙向複製
既然對拓撲圖和原理有所瞭解，咱們作一個實驗，介紹如何使用MySQL AB雙向複製，注意該實驗是在MySQL單級複製的基礎上作的。
實驗環境介紹
主機 IP地址 主機名 備註
serv01： 192.168.1.11 serv01.host.com master
serv08： 192.168.1.18 serv08.host.com slave01
操做系統版本：rhel server 6.1
所須要的軟件包：mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
第一步，serv08建立受權用戶
mysql> grant replication client, replication slave on *.* to 'larry'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'larry'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
第二步，serv08清空日誌
mysql> show binary logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 286 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show binary logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
第三步，serv01使用change master to命令修改從服務器設置
mysql> show slave status;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.18',
-> master_user='larry',
-> master_password='larry',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
-> master_log_pos=107;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
第四步，serv01開啓slave
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: serv01-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 410
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
第五步，測試
--serv01查看數據 mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> select * from test; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) --serv08插入數據 mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> select * from test; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into test values(2); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) --serv01查看數據，數據更新 mysql> select * from test; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | +------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) --serv01插入數據 mysql> insert into test values(3); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) --serv01查詢數據 mysql> select * from test; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | +------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) --serv08查詢數據，數據已更新 mysql> select * from test; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | +------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL多級主從複製
好了，MySQL AB雙向複製介紹完畢，咱們又想了，不論是MySQL AB單向複製，仍是MySQL 雙向複製，都是雙方的關係。MySQL AB單向複製能夠是一對一，也就是一個Master對應一個Slave，或者一對多，也就是一個Master對應多個Slave；MySQL雙向複製是一對一的關係。咱們可不能夠這樣，實現多級關係，一個Master，接下來Slave，Slave下面還有Slave。這樣作有什麼好處呢？這樣能夠緩解數據庫壓力。這就是接下來要介紹的MySQL多級主從複製。多級也就是A---->B---->C，A做爲主服務器，B是從服務器，B跟A創建主從關係；並且B是主服務器，C做爲從服務器，B跟C創建主從關係。這樣：A是主服務器，B既是主服務器，又是從服務器，C是從服務器。一樣，咱們來看看MySQL 多級主從複製的拓撲圖：
圖三 MySQL 多級主從複製
該拓撲圖實現 mysql 的 A 到B 的複製，再從 B 到 C 的複製。
既然對拓撲圖和原理有所瞭解，咱們作一個實驗，介紹如何使用MySQL AB雙向複製：
實驗環境介紹
主機 IP地址 主機名 備註
serv01： 192.168.1.11 serv01.host.com master
serv08： 192.168.1.18 serv08.host.com slave01
serv09： 192.168.1.19 serv09.host.com slave02
操做系統版本：rhel server 6.1
所須要的軟件包：mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
第一步，斷開雙向關係。A只做爲主服務器。
--中止slave
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
--查看slave狀態發現仍然有相關信息，咱們要完全刪除，只須要把數據文件中相關文件刪除便可。
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 587
Relay_Log_File: serv01-relay-bin.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 733
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 587
Relay_Log_Space: 1036
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
--進入data目錄，刪除如下文件：master.info relay-log.info serv01-relay-bin.*
[root@serv01 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@serv01 data]# ll
total 28736
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Oct 5 22:38 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 22:38 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Oct 5 18:16 ib_logfile1
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 22:36 larrydb
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 79 Oct 5 23:24 master.info
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 690 Oct 5 22:34 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 970 Oct 5 22:38 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Oct 5 22:34 mysql-bin.index
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:15 performance_schema
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 53 Oct 5 23:24 relay-log.info
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 5309 Oct 5 23:24 serv01.host.com.err
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 Oct 5 22:34 serv01.host.com.pid
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 303 Oct 5 22:35 serv01-relay-bin.000005
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 733 Oct 5 22:37 serv01-relay-bin.000006
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 52 Oct 5 22:35 serv01-relay-bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 2209 Oct 5 18:16 serv08.host.com.err
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Oct 5 18:12 test
[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf master.info relay-log.info serv01-relay-bin.*
第二步，serv01重啓服務，再次查看slave信息，發現已經不存在
[root@serv01 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@serv01 opt]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution mysql> show slave status \G; Empty set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified
第三步，serv08查看slave狀態
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.11
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: serv08-relay-bin.000007
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 556
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
--若是查看slave狀態出錯，咱們重啓服務
[root@serv08 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
第四步，serv09搭建相同版本的MySQL，修改server-id，啓動服務
[root@serv09 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@serv09 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep server-id server-id = 3 [root@serv09 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
第五步，serv01插入數據
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry07');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
第六步，serv08查看serv01插入的數據是否記錄到日誌文件。能夠發現，和serv01創建關係的延時日誌文件中有相關記錄，而主日誌文件mysql-bin.000003中沒有相關記錄
[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog serv08-relay-bin.000009 | grep insert -i --color
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
SET INSERT_ID=9/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('larry07')
[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003 | grep larry07
第七步，咱們要把serv08的數據同步到serv09，由於serv08中的mysql-bin.000003文件沒有相關記錄，因此不能經過日誌文件同步，咱們只有先serv08導出數據，而後serv09導入數據，再把log_slave_updates打開
--導出數據 [root@serv08 data]# mysqldump --help --verbose | grep database [root@serv08 data]# mysqldump --databases larrydb > larrydb.sql --拷貝數據文件 [root@serv08 data]# scp larrydb.sql 192.168.1.19:/opt root@192.168.1.19's password: larrydb.sql 100% 2612 2.6KB/s 00:00 --serv09導入數據 mysql> source /opt/larrydb.sql; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Database changed Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use larrydb; Database changed mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_larrydb | +-------------------+ | t2 | | test | +-------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from t2; +----+---------+ | id | name | +----+---------+ | 1 | larry01 | | 3 | larry02 | | 4 | larry03 | | 6 | larry04 | | 7 | larry05 | | 9 | larry07 | +----+---------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec) --serv08修改配置文件，打開log_slave_updates，重啓MySQL服務 mysql> show variables like '%update%'; +-----------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------------------------+-------+ | binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF | | log_slave_updates | OFF | | low_priority_updates | OFF | | sql_low_priority_updates | OFF | | sql_safe_updates | OFF | +-----------------------------------------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) [root@serv08 data]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@serv08 data]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep log_slave_updates log_slave_updates=1 [root@serv08 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! --serv08 mysql> show variables like "%update%"; +-----------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------------------------+-------+ | binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF | | log_slave_updates | ON | | low_priority_updates | OFF | | sql_low_priority_updates | OFF | | sql_safe_updates | OFF | +-----------------------------------------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第八步，serv01插入測試數據，咱們看到打開這個參數後mysql-bin.000004和serv08-relay-bin.000011都有相關的插入數據的記錄
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry08');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
+----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000004 | grep larry
use `larrydb`/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('larry08')
[root@serv08 data]# mysqlbinlog serv08-relay-bin.000011 | grep larry
use `larrydb`/*!*/;
insert into t2(name) values('larry08')
第九步，serv08建立受權用戶
mysql> select user,password,host from mysql.user where user='larry'; ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... Connection id: 3 Current database: larrydb +-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+ | user | password | host | +-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+ | larry | *0CDC8D34246E22649D647DB04E7CCCACAB4368B6 | 192.168.1.% | +-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show binary logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 1046 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 606 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 126 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 335 | +------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第十步，serv09經過change master to修改slave配置，而後啓動slave，查看slave狀態，查看數據，發現已經從serv08更新過來
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.1.18',
-> master_user='larry',
-> master_password='larry',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',
-> master_log_pos=126;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 126
Relay_Log_File: serv09-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 126
Relay_Log_Space: 107
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.18
Master_User: larry
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 335
Relay_Log_File: serv09-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 481
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 335
Relay_Log_Space: 784
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> select * from larrydb.t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
+----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第十一步，serv01插入數據，能夠看到serv08 serv09都已經同步過去了
--serv01
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry09');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
| 13 | larry09 |
+----+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--serv08
mysql> select * from larrydb.t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
| 13 | larry09 |
+----+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--serv09
mysql> select * from larrydb.t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
| 9 | larry07 |
| 11 | larry08 |
| 13 | larry09 |
+----+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
解決AB雙向複製主鍵衝突
在進行MySQLAB雙向複製時，若是一張表的主鍵是自增的，會出現問題。主服務器和從服務器在插入數據時會發生主鍵衝突，好比A服務器插入一條數據，id爲5，B服務器同步過去，可是B服務器插入數據ID也多是5，就這會引發主鍵衝突，致使數據不能插入。所以，咱們須要解決這個問題。解決辦法是主鍵間隔設置，經過設置主鍵步長，好比A（13 5 7），B（2 4 6 8），有幾臺機器步長就爲幾。接下來的實驗是在MySQLAB雙向複製的基礎上作的。
第一步，serv08建立測試表，插入數據，查看數據
mysql> create table t2(id int auto_increment primary key,name varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc t2;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry01');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry02');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 2 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第二步，serv01查看數據
mysql> select * from t2; +----+---------+ | id | name | +----+---------+ | 1 | larry01 | | 2 | larry02 | +----+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table t2; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
第二步，serv01和serv08修改配置文件，並重啓服務
[root@serv01 opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@serv01 opt]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep auto_incre auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=1 [root@serv01 opt]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@serv08 data]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@serv08 data]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep auto_incre auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=2 [root@serv08 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
第三步，serv01再次模擬數據
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_larrydb |
+-------------------+
| test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t2(id int(11) primary key auto_increment, name varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry01');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry02');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--serv08
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry03');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry04');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
+----+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--serv01
mysql> insert into t2(name) values('larry05');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--serv08
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+---------+
| id | name |
+----+---------+
| 1 | larry01 |
| 3 | larry02 |
| 4 | larry03 |
| 6 | larry04 |
| 7 | larry05 |
+----+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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