1、Docker的基礎用法php
Docker鏡像首頁,包括官方鏡像和其它公開鏡像linux
由於國情的緣由,國內下載 Docker HUB 官方的相關鏡像比較慢,可使用 docker.cn 鏡像,鏡像保持和官方一致,關鍵是速度塊,推薦使用。git
$ sudo docker search ubuntu
$ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 獲取 ubuntu 官方鏡像 $ sudo docker images # 查看當前鏡像列表
$ sudo docker run -i -t ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
注: ubuntu 會有多個版本,經過指定 tag 來啓動特定的版本 [image]:[tag]github
$ sudo docker ps # 查看當前運行的容器, ps -a 列出當前系統全部的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 6c9129e9df10 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes cranky_babbage
$ sudo docker # docker 命令幫助 Commands: attach Attach to a running container # 當前 shell 下 attach 鏈接指定運行鏡像 build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 經過 Dockerfile 定製鏡像 commit Create a new image from a container's changes # 提交當前容器爲新的鏡像 cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path # 從容器中拷貝指定文件或者目錄到宿主機中 create Create a new container # 建立一個新的容器,同 run,但不啓動容器 diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看 docker 容器變化 events Get real time events from the server # 從 docker 服務獲取容器實時事件 exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上運行命令 export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive # 導出容器的內容流做爲一個 tar 歸檔文件[對應 import ] history Show the history of an image # 展現一個鏡像造成歷史 images List images # 列出系統當前鏡像 import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball # 從tar包中的內容建立一個新的文件系統映像[對應 export] info Display system-wide information # 顯示系統相關信息 inspect Return low-level information on a container # 查看容器詳細信息 kill Kill a running container # kill 指定 docker 容器 load Load an image from a tar archive # 從一個 tar 包中加載一個鏡像[對應 save] login Register or Login to the docker registry server # 註冊或者登錄一個 docker 源服務器 logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 從當前 Docker registry 退出 logs Fetch the logs of a container # 輸出當前容器日誌信息 port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT # 查看映射端口對應的容器內部源端口 pause Pause all processes within a container # 暫停容器 ps List containers # 列出容器列表 pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server # 從docker鏡像源服務器拉取指定鏡像或者庫鏡像 push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server # 推送指定鏡像或者庫鏡像至docker源服務器 restart Restart a running container # 重啓運行的容器 rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一個或者多個容器 rmi Remove one or more images # 移除一個或多個鏡像[無容器使用該鏡像纔可刪除,不然需刪除相關容器纔可繼續或 -f 強制刪除] run Run a command in a new container # 建立一個新的容器並運行一個命令 save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一個鏡像爲一個 tar 包[對應 load] search Search for an image on the Docker Hub # 在 docker hub 中搜索鏡像 start Start a stopped containers # 啓動容器 stop Stop a running containers # 中止容器 tag Tag an image into a repository # 給源中鏡像打標籤 top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中運行的進程信息 unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暫停容器 version Show the docker version information # 查看 docker 版本號 wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code # 截取容器中止時的退出狀態值 Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
Usage of docker: --api-enable-cors=false Enable CORS headers in the remote API # 遠程 API 中開啓 CORS 頭 -b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge # 橋接網絡 use 'none' to disable container networking --bip="" Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge's IP, not compatible with -b # 和 -b 選項不兼容,具體沒有測試過 -d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode # daemon 模式 -D, --debug=false Enable debug mode # debug 模式 --dns=[] Force docker to use specific DNS servers # 強制 docker 使用指定 dns 服務器 --dns-search=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains # 強制 docker 使用指定 dns 搜索域 -e, --exec-driver="native" Force the docker runtime to use a specific exec driver # 強制 docker 運行時使用指定執行驅動器 --fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (ex: 10.20.0.0/16) this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or --bip) -G, --group="docker" Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode use '' (the empty string) to disable setting of a group -g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Path to use as the root of the docker runtime # 容器運行的根目錄路徑 -H, --host=[] The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode # daemon 模式下 docker 指定綁定方式[tcp or 本地 socket] specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd. --icc=true Enable inter-container communication # 跨容器通訊 --insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure communication with specified registries (no certificate verification for HTTPS and enable HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16) --ip="0.0.0.0" Default IP address to use when binding container ports # 指定監聽地址,默認全部 ip --ip-forward=true Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward # 開啓轉發 --ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading for bridge's IP range --iptables=true Enable Docker's addition of iptables rules # 添加對應 iptables 規則 --mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU # 設置網絡 mtu if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available -p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file # 指定 pid 文件位置 --registry-mirror=[] Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror -s, --storage-driver="" Force the docker runtime to use a specific storage driver # 強制 docker 運行時使用指定存儲驅動 --selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support # 開啓 selinux 支持 --storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options # 設置存儲驅動選項 --tls=false Use TLS; implied by tls-verify flags # 開啓 tls --tlscacert="/root/.docker/ca.pem" Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here --tlscert="/root/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file # tls 證書文件位置 --tlskey="/root/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file # tls key 文件位置 --tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon) # 使用 tls 並確認遠程控制主機 -v, --version=false Print version information and quit # 輸出 docker 版本信息
$ sudo docker search --help Usage: docker search TERM Search the Docker Hub for images # 從 Docker Hub 搜索鏡像 --automated=false Only show automated builds --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output -s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least xxx stars
示例:docker
$ sudo docker search -s 100 ubuntu # 查找 star 數至少爲 100 的鏡像,找出只有官方鏡像 start 數超過 100,默認不加 s 選項找出全部相關 ubuntu 鏡像 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED ubuntu Official Ubuntu base image 425 [OK]
$ sudo docker info Containers: 1 # 容器個數 Images: 22 # 鏡像個數 Storage Driver: devicemapper # 存儲驅動 Pool Name: docker-8:17-3221225728-pool Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB Data file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data Metadata file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata Data Space Used: 1.83 GB Data Space Total: 107.4 GB Metadata Space Used: 2.191 MB Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB Library Version: 1.02.84-RHEL7 (2014-03-26) Execution Driver: native-0.2 # 存儲驅動 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
$ sudo docker pull --help # pull 拉取鏡像 Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] Pull an image or a repository from the registry -a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository $ sudo docker push # push 推送指定鏡像 Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to the registry
示例:shell
$ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 下載官方 ubuntu docker 鏡像,默認下載全部 ubuntu 官方庫鏡像 $ sudo docker pull ubuntu:14.04 # 下載指定版本 ubuntu 官方鏡像
$ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu # 推送鏡像庫到私有源[可註冊 docker 官方帳戶,推送到官方自有帳戶] $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu:14.04 # 推送指定鏡像到私有源
列出當前系統鏡像ubuntu
$ sudo docker images --help Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [NAME] List images -a, --all=false Show all images (by default filter out the intermediate image layers) # -a 顯示當前系統的全部鏡像,包括過渡層鏡像,默認 docker images 顯示最終鏡像,不包括過渡層鏡像 -f, --filter=[] Provide filter values (i.e. 'dangling=true') --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output -q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
示例:api
$ sudo docker images # 顯示當前系統鏡像,不包括過渡層鏡像 $ sudo docker images -a # 顯示當前系統全部鏡像,包括過渡層鏡像 $ sudo docker images ubuntu # 顯示當前系統 docker ubuntu 庫中的全部鏡像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE ubuntu 12.04 ebe4be4dd427 4 weeks ago 210.6 MB ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB ubuntu 14.04-ssh 6334d3ac099a 7 weeks ago 383.2 MB
刪除一個或者多個鏡像bash
$ sudo docker rmi --help Usage: docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images -f, --force=false Force removal of the image # 強制移除鏡像無論是否有容器使用該鏡像 --no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parents # 不要刪除未標記的父鏡像
$ sudo docker run --help Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container -a, --attach=[] Attach to stdin, stdout or stderr. -c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) # 設置 cpu 使用權重 --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities --cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file # 把容器 id 寫入到指定文件 --cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) # cpu 綁定 -d, --detach=false Detached mode: Run container in the background, print new container id # 後臺運行容器 --device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc) --dns=[] Set custom dns servers # 設置 dns --dns-search=[] Set custom dns search domains # 設置 dns 域搜索 -e, --env=[] Set environment variables # 定義環境變量 --entrypoint="" Overwrite the default entrypoint of the image # ? --env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of ENV variables # 從指定文件讀取變量值 --expose=[] Expose a port from the container without publishing it to your host # 指定對外提供服務端口 -h, --hostname="" Container host name # 設置容器主機名 -i, --interactive=false Keep stdin open even if not attached # 保持標準輸出開啓即便沒有 attached --link=[] Add link to another container (name:alias) # 添加連接到另一個容器 --lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1" -m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g) # 內存限制 --name="" Assign a name to the container # 設置容器名 --net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container # 設置容器網絡模式 'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge 'none': no networking for this container 'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack 'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure. -P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces # 自動映射容器對外提供服務的端口 -p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host # 指定端口映射 format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort (use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping) --privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container # 提供更多的權限給容器 --restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d) # 若是容器退出自動移除和 -d 選項衝突 --security-opt=[] Security Options --sig-proxy=true Proxify received signals to the process (even in non-tty mode). SIGCHLD is not proxied. -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-tty # 分配僞終端 -u, --user="" Username or UID # 指定運行容器的用戶 uid 或者用戶名 -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from docker: -v /container) # 掛載卷 --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) # 從指定容器掛載卷 -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container # 指定容器工做目錄
示例:服務器
$ sudo docker images ubuntu REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB ... ... $ sudo docker run -t -i -c 100 -m 512MB -h test1 -d --name="docker_test1" ubuntu /bin/bash # 建立一個 cpu 優先級爲 100,內存限制 512MB,主機名爲 test1,名爲 docker_test1 後臺運行 bash 的容器 a424ca613c9f2247cd3ede95adfbaf8d28400cbcb1d5f9b69a7b56f97b2b52e5 $ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a424ca613c9f ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds docker_test1 $ sudo docker attach docker_test1 root@test1:/# pwd / root@test1:/# exit exit
關於cpu優先級:
By default all groups have 1024 shares. A group with 100 shares will get a ~10% portion of the CPU time -archlinux cgroups
dockerstart|stop|kill|restart|pause|unpause|rm|commit|inspect|logs
參考文檔:Docker Run Reference