mac添加環境變量

時間 2019-11-08

標籤 mac 添加環境變量欄目 MacBook 简体版

原文原文鏈接

兩個問題：html

1.nodejs的安裝node

使用Mac OS X Binaries (.tar.gz)（64位）來安裝：mysql

http://www.nodejs.org/download/sql

安裝參照：http://blog.snowinmay.net/?p=41shell

安裝要點：npm

1.1把以前的nodejs文件都清理掉：vim

rm -r bin/node bin/node-waf include/node lib/node lib/pkgconfig/nodejs.pc share/man/man1/node.1ruby

1.2解壓文件到本身喜歡的目錄（最好是系統默認的程序安裝目錄，這樣不用寫環境變量）bash

我寫的環境變量：export PATH="～/work/node/bin:$PATH"curl

我此次安裝nodejs出現問題是由於在複製文件的時候把bin文件夾中的文件多複製了一層：

原本應該是這樣的：

Prince-2:node snowinmay$ ls
ChangeLog README.md include share LICENSE bin lib

Prince-2:node snowinmay$ cd bin/
Prince-2:bin snowinmay$ ls
node npm

node和npm在bin中，我複製的時候把node和npm放在了bin/bin/下面，因此和環境變量對應不起來了。

2.npm的安裝

npm的出錯分兩次，第一次是由於：curl https://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh 寫錯了，提示錯誤一直是：

directory sh: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token<'
'h: line 2: `<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
Prince-2:node snowinmay$ sudo npm install -g npmlog

正確的寫法應該是：

curl -0 -L http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sudo sh

運行以後提示：

npm cannot be installed without nodejs.
Install node first, and then try again.

Maybe node is installed, but not in the PATH?
Note that running as sudo can change envs.

PATH=~/work/node/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@global/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin

提示環境變量寫錯了，怪不得以前用：which node 和which npm都無效，看了一下環境變量文件：

export PATH="～/work/node/bin:$PATH" 改爲了：

export PATH="$HOME/work/node/bin:$PATH"

Prince-2:bin snowinmay$ which node
/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/node
Prince-2:bin snowinmay$ which npm
/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/npm

Prince-2:bin snowinmay$ $PATH
-bash: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin:/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin:~/work/node/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@global/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin: No such file or directory

運行：

Prince-2:~ snowinmay$ curl -0 -L http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 193 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
100 6711 100 6711 0 0 2324 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 5386
tar=/usr/bin/tar
version:
bsdtar 2.8.3 - libarchive 2.8.3
install npm@latest
fetching: http://registry.npmjs.org/npm/-/npm-1.4.21.tgz
0.10.29
1.4.21
cleanup prefix=/Users/snowinmay/work/node
find: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/share/man: No such file or directory
find: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/share/man: No such file or directory
find: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/lib/node: No such file or directory
find: /Users/snowinmay/work/node/lib/node: No such file or directory

All clean!

> npm@1.4.21 prepublish .
> node bin/npm-cli.js prune --prefix=. --no-global && rm -rf test/*/*/node_modules && make -j8 doc

make: Nothing to be done for `doc'.
/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/npm -> /Users/snowinmay/work/node/lib/node_modules/npm/bin/npm-cli.js
npm@1.4.21 /Users/snowinmay/work/node/lib/node_modules/npm
It worked

問題結束

===================================

/etc/profile；/etc/bashrc 是針對系統全部用戶的全局變量，只有root用戶才能修改這兩個文件，對通常用戶來講是他們是隻讀的。通常用戶要想修改它們，能夠在命令前加sudo，意思是以Root身份執行，好比：sudo vi /etc/profile ，而後按照提示輸入密碼便可。

所以，對於通常用戶而言，一般咱們建議去修改~/.bash_profile來設置環境變量，它是用戶級的設置，只對當前用戶有效。

操做步驟:一、打開Terminal（終端）

二、輸入：vi ~/.bash_profile

三、設置PATH：export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

四、輸入：:wq //保存並退出vi

五、修改當即生效：source ~/.bash_profile

六、查看環境變量的值：echo $PATH

注意：一、~/.bash_profile中有個點

二、若是是新增環境變量或者是修改環境變量的值，都須要source一下才能當即生效。若是是刪除一個環境變量，必須輸入exit以logout當前shell，而後再從新打開一個新的shell並login才能生效。

Prince-2:~ snowinmay$ vim .bash_profile

Prince-2:~ snowinmay$ source ~/.bash_profile
Prince-2:~ snowinmay$ $PATH
-bash: ~/work/node/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@global/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p451/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin:/Users/snowinmay/.rvm/bin: No such file or directory

可是npm仍是不能用：

Prince-2:node snowinmay$ node -v
v0.10.29
Prince-2:node snowinmay$ npm -v

module.js:340
throw err;
^
Error: Cannot find module 'npmlog'
at Function.Module._resolveFilename (module.js:338:15)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:280:25)
at Module.require (module.js:364:17)
at require (module.js:380:17)
at /Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/npm:19:11
at Object.<anonymous> (/Users/snowinmay/work/node/bin/npm:87:3)
at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
Prince-2:node snowinmay$
Prince-2:node snowinmay$
Prince-2:node snowinmay$ make install
make: * No rule to make target install'. Stop. Prince-2:node snowinmay$ curl https://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 193 100 193 0 0 119 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 153 sh: line 1: html: No such file or directory sh: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token<''h: line 2: `<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>Prince-2:node snowinmay$ sudo npm install -g npmlogPassword:sudo: npm: command not foundPrince-2:node snowinmay$Prince-2:node snowinmay$ which nodePrince-2:node snowinmay$ which npm

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