ASP.NET Web API中的參數綁定總結

 

ASP.NET Web API中的action參數類型能夠分爲簡單類型和複雜類型。

HttpResponseMessage Put(int id, Product item)

id是int類型,是簡單類型,item是Product類型,是複雜類型。

簡單類型實參值從哪裏讀取呢?
--通常從URI中讀取

所謂的簡單類型包括哪些呢?
--int, bool, double, TimeSpan, DateTime, Guid, decimal, string,以及能從字符串轉換而來的類型

複雜類型實參值從哪裏讀取呢?
--通常從請求的body中讀取

複雜類型實參值是否能夠從URI中獲取呢?
--能夠,按以下

→ 有這樣的一個類前端

public class Shape
{
    public double Width{get;set;}
    public double Length{get;set;}
}

 

→ 想從URI中獲取,那就加上[FromUri]

public HttpResponseMessage Get([FromUri] Shape shape)

→ 客戶端就能夠放在查詢字符串中傳

...api/products/?Width=88&Length=199

簡單類型能夠從請求的body中獲取嗎?
--能夠。按以下:

→ action方法

public HttpResponseMessage Post([FromBody] string name){...}

→ 前端請求中

Content-Type:applicaiton/json

"hello world"

API服務端會根據Content-Type的值選擇合適的媒體類型。

複雜類型是否能夠從uri中的字符串獲取呢?
--能夠

api/products/?shape=188,80

如何把uri中查詢字符串中shape的字段值,即以逗號分割的字符串轉換成Shape類實例呢?
--使用TypeConverter類json

 

[TypeConverter(typeof(ShapeConverter))]
public class Shape
{
    public double Width{get;set;}
    public double Length{get;set;}
    
    public static bool TryParse(string s, out Shampe result)
    {
        result = null;
        var parts = s.Split(',');
        if(parts.lenth != 2)
        {
            return false;
        }
        
        double width, length;
        
        if(double.TryParse(parts[0], out width) && double.TryParse(parts[1], out length))
        {
            result = new Shape(){Width = width; Length = length};
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

public class ShapeConverter: TypeConverter
{
    public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type sourcType)
    {
        if(sourceType == typeof(string))
        {
            return true;
        }
        
        return base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
    }
    
    public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo, object value)
    {
        if(value is string)
        {
            Shape shape;
            if(Shape.TryParse((string)value, out shape))
            {
                return shape;
            }
        }
        return base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value);
    }
}

 

→ 在action不須要[FromUri]

public HttpResponseMessage Get(Shape shape)

→ 客戶端

api/products/?shape=188,80

是否能夠經過Model Binder來實現自定義參數綁定過程呢?
--能夠,有IModelBinder接口,提供了BindModel方法

→ 自定義一個Model Binderapi

 

public class ShapeModelBinder : IModelBinder
{
    private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, Shape> _shapes = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Shape>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
    
    static ShapeModelBinder()
    {
        _shapes["shape1"] = new Shape(){Width= 10, Length = 20};
        _shapes["shape2"] = new Shape(){Width=12, Length = 22 };
    }
    
    public bool BindModel(HttpActionContext actionContext, ModelBindingContect biningContext)
    {
        if(bindingContext.ModelType != typeof(Shape))
        {
            return false;
        }

        ValueProviderResult val = bindingContext.ValueProvider.GetValue(bidingContext.ModelName);
        if(val == null)
        {
            return false;
        }
        
        string key = val.RawValue as string;
        if(key == null){
            bdingContext.ModelState.AddModelError(bindingContext.ModelName, "值類型錯誤");
            return false;
        }
        
        Shape shape;
        if(_shapes.TryGetValue(key, out shape) || Shape.TryParse(key, shape))
        {
            bindingContext.Model = result;
            return true;
        }
        
        bindingContext.ModelState.AddModelError(bindingContext.ModelName, "沒法把字符串轉換成Shape");
        return false;
    }
}

 

● 從BindingContext中的ValueProvider屬性獲取到ValueProviderResult
● 從前端查詢字符串中傳來的字符串,被放在ValueProviderResult的RawValue屬性中
● 把字符串轉換成Shape實例,最終放在了BindingContext的Model屬性中

→ 使用自定義的Model Binder

能夠運用在action中:

public HttpResposneMessage Get([ModelBinder(typeof(ShapeModelBinder))] Shape shape);

能夠放在模型上:

cookie

[ModelBinder(typeof(Shape))]
public class Shape
{

}

 

也能夠放在全局註冊中:app

 

public static class WebApiConfig
{
    public static void Register(HttpConfiguraiton config)
    {
        var provider = new SimpleModelBinderProvider(typeof(Shape), new ShapeModelBinder());
        config.Services.Insert(typeof(ModelBinderProvider), 0, provider);
    }
}

 

注意:即便在全局註冊,也須要在action中按以下寫:

public HttpResponseMessage Get([ModelBinder] Shape shape);

是否能夠經過Value Provider來自定義參數綁定過程呢?
--能夠。

好比,從前端cookie中獲取值,自定義一個Value Provider.ide

 

public class MyCookieValueProvider : IValueProvider
{
    private Dictionary<string, string> _values;
    
    public MyCookieValueProvider(HttpActionContext actionContext)
    {
        if(actionContext == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("actionContext");
        }
        
        _values = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        foreach(var cookie in actionContext.Request.Headers.GetCookies())
        {
            foreach(CookieState state in cookie.Cookies)
            {
                _values[state.Name] = state.Value;
            }
        }
    }
    
    public bool COntainsPrefix(string prefix)
    {
        return _values.keys.Contains(prefix);
    }
    
    public ValueProviderResult GetValue(string key)
    {
        string value;
        if(_values.TryGetValue(key, out value))
        {
            return new ValueProviderResult(value, value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

 

同時還須要一個ValueProviderFactory.ui

 

public class MyCookieValueProviderFactory : ValueProviderFactory
{
    public override IValueProvider GetValueProvider(HttpActionContext actionContext)
    {
        return new MyCookeValueProvider(actionContext);
    }
}

 

最後註冊到全局中。spa

 

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
    config.Services.Add(typeof(ValueProviderFactory), new MyCookieValueProviderFactory());
}

 

還能夠把自定義的ValueProvider放在action中。

public HttpResponseMessage Get([ValueProvider(typeof(MyCookieValueProviderFactory))] Shape shape);code



是否能夠經過HttpParameterBinding實現參數綁定自定義呢?
--能夠。

ModelBinderAttribute繼承於ParameterBindingAttribute.blog

public abstract class ParameterBindingAttribute : Attribute
{
    public abstract HttpParameterBinding GetBinding(HttpParameterDescriptor parameter);
}

 

HttpParameterBinding用來把值綁定到參數上。

假設,須要從前端請求的if-match和if-none-match字段獲取ETag值。

 

public class ETag
{
    public string Tag{get;set;}
}

 

可能從if-match獲取,也可能從if-none-match獲取,來個枚舉。

public enum ETagMatch
{
    IfMatch, 
    IfNoneMatch
}

 

自定義HttpParameterBinding。

public class ETagParameterBinding : HttpParameterBinding
{
    ETagMatch _match;
    
    public ETagParameterBinding(HttpParameterDescriptor parameter, ETagMatch match) : base(parameter)
    {
        _match = match;
    }
    
    public override Task ExecuteBindingAsync(ModelMetadataProvider metadataProvider, HttpActionContext actionContext, CancellationToken candellationToken)
    {
        EntityTagHeaderValue etagHeader = null;
        switch(_match)
        {
            case ETagMatch.IfNoneMatch:
                etagHeader = actionContext.Request.Headers.IfNoneMatch.FirstOrDefault();
                break;
            case ETagMatch.IfMatch:
                etagHeader = actionContext.Request.Headers.IfMatch.FirstOrDefault();
                break;
        }
        
        ETag etag = null;
        if(etagHeader != null)
        {
            etag = new ETag{Tag = etagHeader.Tag};
        }
        
        actionContext.ActionArguemnts[Descriptor.ParameterName] = etag;
        
        var tsc = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();
        tsc.SetResult(null);
        return tsc.Task;
    }
}

 

可見,全部的action參數放在了ActionContext的ActionArguments中的。

如何使用自定義的HttpParameterBinding呢?
--經過自定義一個ParameterBindingAttribute特性。

 

public abstract class ETagMatchAttribute : ParameterBindingAttribute
{
    private ETagMatch _match;
    
    public ETagMatchAttribute(ETagMatch match)
    {
        _match = match;
    }
    
    public override HttpParameterBinding GetBinding(HttpParameterDescriptor parameter)
    {
        if(parameter.ParameterType == typeof(ETag))
        {
            return new ETagParameterBinding(parameter, _match);
        }
        return parameter.BindAsError("參數類型不匹配");
    }
}

public class IfMatchAttribute : ETageMatchAttribute
{
    public IfMatchAttribute(): base(ETagMatch.IfMatch)
    {}
}

public class IfNoneMatchAttribute: ETagMatchAttribute
{
    public IfNoneMatchAttribute() : base(ETagMatch.IfNoneMatch)
    {}
}

 

再把定義的有關HttpParameterBinding的特性運用到方法上。

public HttpResponseMessage Get([IfNoneMatch] ETag etag)

還須要在全局註冊:

config.ParameterBindingRules.Add(p => {
    if(p.ParameterType == typeof(ETag) && p.ActionDescriptor.SupportedHttpMethods.Contains(HttpMethod.Get))
    {
        return new ETagParameterBinding(p, ETagMatch.IfNoneMatch);
    }
    else
    {
        return null;
    }
})

 

總結,本篇體驗了簡單類型和複雜類型獲取前端數據的方式。並經過自定義ValueProvider, ModelBinder, HttpParameterBinding來實現對參數綁定過程的控制。

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