MySQL全部的安裝部署方式

時間  2020-06-03
標籤 mysql 全部 安裝 部署 方式 欄目 MySQL 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

目錄

一.前言

​ linux安裝軟件的方式多種多樣，MySQL也不例外，本文將介紹MySQL全部的安裝方式。html

二.關於MySQL的安裝

​ MySQL通常能夠採用四種安裝方式，每種方式各有優勢，使用場景各有不一樣：node

  • yum安裝MySQL，優勢：簡單，方便，適用場景：能夠訪問網絡的環境
  • 離線源碼編譯安裝MySQL，優勢：可定製，適用性強，適用場景：無網絡，須要定製MySQL，平臺兼容性不強（內存最好大於4G否則編譯會出現內存不足的報錯）
  • RPM包安裝MySQL，優勢：簡單，方便，適用場景：redhat系統
  • 通用二進制包安裝MySQL，優勢：簡單，好維護，適用場景：大部分環境都適用(推薦)

三.部署規劃

3.1 服務器規劃

服務器 操做系統版本 CPU架構 MySQL安裝方式
node6 CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 x86_64 源碼編譯安裝MySQL
node7 CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 x86_64 通用二進制包安裝MySQL
node8 CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 x86_64 RPM包安裝MySQL
node9 CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 x86_64 yum安裝MySQL

3.2 數據庫目錄規劃

文件類型 文件部署位置
數據目錄datadir /data/data（/data目錄請確保足夠大）
配置文件my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
錯誤日誌log-error /data/log/mysql_error.log
二進制日誌log-bin /data/binlogs/mysql-bin(用於數據庫恢復和主從複製，以及審計（audit）操做)
慢查詢日誌slow_query_log_file /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
套接字文件socket /data/run/mysql.sock
進程ID文件mysql.pid /data/run/mysql.pid

四.準備工具

1.MySQL通用二進制包:mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gzpython

下載地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloadsmysql

​

2.MySQLRPM包:mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpmlinux

​ mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpmredis

​ mysql-community-devel-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpmsql

​ mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpmshell

​ mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm數據庫

​ mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpmvim

下載地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

1575168892245

3.MySQL源碼包:mysql-boost-5.7.28.tar.gz

下載地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

1575168777801

4.MySQL的Yum源:mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

或者mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

下載方法:wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

或者wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

五.通用二進制包安裝MySQL

5.1 上傳MySQL通用二進制安裝包到node7的/usr/local/src目錄下

[root@node7 src]# pwd
/usr/local/src
[root@node7 src]# ls
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

5.2 解壓MySQL到指定目錄並更名

[root@node7 src]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node7 src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@node7 local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin  share  src
[root@node7 local]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@node7 local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql  sbin  share  src

5.3 建立MySQL用戶和用戶組

[root@node7 local]# groupadd -g 1111 mysql
[root@node7 local]# useradd -g mysql -u 1111 -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@node7 local]# id mysql    #查看用戶信息
uid=1111(mysql) gid=1111(mysql) groups=1111(mysql)

5.4 配置MySQL的bin目錄到PATH路徑

[root@node7 local]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@node7 local]# source /etc/profile
[root@node7 local]# mysql    #輸入MySQL以後雙擊tab鍵，便可列出候選MySQL命令
mysql                       mysql_client_test_embedded  mysqld-debug                mysqldumpslow               mysql_plugin                mysqlslap                   mysql_upgrade
mysqladmin                  mysql_config                mysqld_multi                mysql_embedded              mysqlpump                   mysql_ssl_rsa_setup         mysqlxtest
mysqlbinlog                 mysql_config_editor         mysqld_safe                 mysqlimport                 mysql_secure_installation   mysqltest_embedded          
mysqlcheck                  mysqld                      mysqldump                   mysql_install_db            mysqlshow                   mysql_tzinfo_to_sql

5.5 建立MySQL數據存放目錄

[root@node7 ~]# mkdir -p /data/{data,log,binlogs,run}
[root@node7 ~]# tree /data    #若是沒有tree命令，則yum -y install tree安裝
/data
├── binlogs
├── data
├── log
└── run

4 directories, 0 files
[root@node7 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data
[root@node7 ~]# ll /data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec  3 11:07 binlogs
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec  3 11:07 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec  3 11:07 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec  3 11:07 run

5.6 配置MySQL配置文件

[root@node7 mysql]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
[root@node7 mysql]# touch /etc/my.cnf
#my.cnf配置文件詳解，請查看我上一篇blog的#https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/11913248.html的「MySQL配置文件優化參考」
[root@node7 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid
datadir=/data/data
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
max_allowed_packet=512M
max_connections=2048
open_files_limit=65535

skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1

character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=2048M
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0

key_buffer_size=64M

log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log
log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5

tmp_table_size=32M
max_heap_table_size=32M
query_cache_type=0
query_cache_size=0

server-id=1

5.7 初始化MySQL數據庫

[root@node7 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data
[root@node7 mysql]# echo $?
0
[root@node7 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /data/log/mysql_error.log    #查看MySQL初始化密碼
2019-12-03T03:47:42.639938Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lhrh>J,p<8gw

5.8 生成ssl（可選）

#關於MySQL開啓ssl查看https://www.cnblogs.com/mysql-dba/p/7061300.html
[root@node7 mysql]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................+++
.+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
....................................+++
............................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.....................................................................................+++
..............................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
#執行完成以後，會有在datadir目錄生成*.pem文件
[root@node7 mysql]# ls /data/data/
auto.cnf    client-cert.pem  ibdata1      mysql               public_key.pem   sys
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  performance_schema  server-cert.pem
ca.pem      ib_buffer_pool   ib_logfile1  private_key.pem     server-key.pem

5.9 配置MySQL啓動項並設置開機自啓動

5.9.1 centos6版本

cd /usr/local/mysql
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
chkconfig --add mysql.server
chkconfig  mysql.server on
chkconfig --list

5.9.2 centos7版本

[root@node7 system]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@node7 system]# touch mysqld.service 
[root@node7 system]# vim mysqld.service 
[root@node7 system]# cat mysqld.service 
# Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
#
# systemd service file for MySQL forking server
#

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(5.7)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql

Type=forking

PIDFile=/data/run/mysql.pid

# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
TimeoutSec=0

# Execute pre and post scripts as root
PermissionsStartOnly=true

# Needed to create system tables
#ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd

# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS

# Use this to switch malloc implementation
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql

# Sets open_files_limit
LimitNOFILE = 65535

Restart=on-failure

RestartPreventExitStatus=1

PrivateTmp=false

[root@node7 system]# systemctl daemon-reload    #從新加載服務配置文件
[root@node7 system]# systemctl enable mysqld    #設置MySQL開機自啓動
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@node7 system]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld   #查看MySQL開機自啓動是否設置成功
enabled

5.10 啓動MySQL

[root@node7 system]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@node7 system]# systemctl status mysqld    #查看MySQL啓動狀態
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-03 14:42:14 CST; 9s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(5.7)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 2905 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2907 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─2907 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid

Dec 03 14:42:13 node7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 03 14:42:14 node7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@node7 system]# ps -ef | grep mysql         #查看MySQL進程
mysql      2907      1  2 14:42 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid
root       2942   2576  0 14:42 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

5.11 進行MySQL安全初始化(可選)

[root@node7 system]# mysql_secure_installation 

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:    #這裏輸入MySQL初始化時生成的密碼（grep 'temporary password' /data/log/mysql_error.log）

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password:   #輸入新密碼

Re-enter new password: 

VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: n   #y安裝MySQL密碼插件
Using existing password for root.
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n

 ... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y  #y移除匿名用戶
Success.


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n  #是否容許root遠程登陸

 ... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y  #是否移除test數據庫
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y  #刷新權限表
Success.

All done!

5.12 修改密碼，給用戶賦權限（根據本身狀況賦權限）

[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密碼爲123456，若是提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，則說明密碼設置太簡單，若是想設置123456這樣的簡單密碼，可在SQL中執行：
	#mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
	#mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
	#這樣再次執行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql';    #修改MySQL的mysql用戶的密碼爲123456
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0  Changed: 0  Warnings: 1

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;   
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;   #賦予mysql用戶能夠在任何機器上登陸，並擁有全部表的全部權限
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;   #刷新權限，讓修改當即生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#如下是爲MySQL賦權限的介紹
mysql> grant 權限1,權限2,…權限n on 數據庫名稱.表名稱 to 用戶名@用戶地址 identified by ‘鏈接口令’;
權限1,權限2,…權限n表明select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14個權限。
當權限1,權限2,…權限n被all privileges或者all代替，表示賦予用戶所有權限。
當數據庫名稱.表名稱被*.*代替，表示賦予用戶操做服務器上全部數據庫全部表的權限。
用戶地址能夠是localhost，也能夠是ip地址、機器名字、域名。也能夠用’%'表示從任何地址鏈接。
‘鏈接口令’不能爲空，不然建立失敗。
好比：
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc的employee表進行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操做的權限，並設定口令爲123。
 
mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc全部表進行全部操做的權限，並設定口令爲123。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.13 導入時區信息到MySQL庫

[root@node7 system]# mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -uroot -p111111 mysql
#執行上述操做以後，time_zone，time_zone_leap_second，time_zone_name，time_zone_transition   ，time_zone_transition_type表就有時區數據了
[root@node7 system]# mysql -uroot -p111111 mysql
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| engine_cost               |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| gtid_executed             |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| server_cost               |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5.14 查看MySQL版本信息

[root@node7 system]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
[root@node7 system]# mysqladmin version -uroot -p111111
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Server version		5.7.26-log
Protocol version	10
Connection		Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket		/data/run/mysql.sock
Uptime:			31 min 53 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 8855  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 214  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 203  Queries per second avg: 4.628

5.15 若是防火牆開着，則須要開放3306端口

[root@node7 system]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-03 15:22:18 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 3343 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─3343 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Dec 03 15:22:17 node7 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'beyond-scope' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: beyond-scope: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignoring...-time.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'failed-policy' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: failed-policy: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignorin...-time.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'reject-route' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: reject-route: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignoring...-time.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
#添加防火牆規則
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
success
#從新加載防火牆規則
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
#檢查規則是否設置生效
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=3306/tcp
yes
#列出防火牆全部開放的端口
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens33
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client
  ports: 3306/tcp
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules:

5.16 利用logrotate對MySQL日誌進行輪轉(日誌自動備份切割)

#logrotate配置詳解請查看：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-02/157099.htm
[root@node7 ~]# touch /root/.my.cnf
[root@node7 ~]# vim /root/.my.cnf 
[root@node7 ~]# cat /root/.my.cnf 
[mysqladmin]  
password=111111
user=root
[root@node7 ~]# chmod 600 /root/.my.cnf 
[root@node7 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate /etc/logrotate.d/
[root@node7 ~]# chmod 644 /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate 
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate 
[root@node7 ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate 
# The log file name and location can be set in
# /etc/my.cnf by setting the "log-error" option
# in either [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] section as
# follows:
#
# [mysqld]
# log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
#
# In case the root user has a password, then you
# have to create a /root/.my.cnf configuration file
# with the following content:
#
# [mysqladmin]
# password = <secret> 
# user= root
#
# where "<secret>" is the password. 
#
# ATTENTION: The /root/.my.cnf file should be readable
# _ONLY_ by root !

/data/log/mysql_*.log {
        # create 600 mysql mysql
        notifempty  #當日志文件爲空時，不進行輪轉
        daily  #默認每一天執行一次rotate輪轉工做
        rotate 52  #保留多少個日誌文件(輪轉幾回).默認保留四個.就是指定日誌文件刪除以前輪轉的次數，0 指沒有備份，此處表示保留52天的日誌
        missingok   #若是日誌文件丟失，不要顯示錯誤
        compress    #經過gzip 壓縮轉儲之後的日誌
    postrotate   #執行的指令
	# just if mysqld is really running
	if test -x /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && \
	   /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null
	then
	   /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs
	fi
    endscript
}
[root@node7 ~]# 
[root@node7 ~]# logrotate -fv /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate #強制進行日誌輪轉
reading config file /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate
Allocating hash table for state file, size 15360 B

Handling 1 logs

rotating pattern: /data/log/mysql_*.log  forced from command line (52 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
considering log /data/log/mysql_error.log
  log needs rotating
considering log /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
  log needs rotating
rotating log /data/log/mysql_error.log, log->rotateCount is 52
dateext suffix '-20191203'
glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'
renaming /data/log/mysql_error.log.52.gz to /data/log/mysql_error.log.53.gz 
(t -- won't try to dispose of it
.................
renaming /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log to /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log.1
running postrotate script
compressing log with: /bin/gzip
[root@node7 ~]# 
[root@node7 ~]# echo $?
0
#此時查看日誌目錄，發現日誌已經進行輪轉，並壓縮
[root@node7 ~]# ls /data/log/
mysql_error.log  mysql_error.log.1.gz  mysql_slow_query.log  mysql_slow_query.log.1.gz

自此，通用二進制包安裝MySQL完畢。

六.使用RPM包安裝MySQL

6.1 上傳MySQL的RPM包到/usr/local/src目錄下

[root@node8 local]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@node8 src]# ls
mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm   mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

6.2 安裝RPM包

[root@node8 src]# rpm -ivh ./*.rpm
warning: ./mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64
	mariadb-libs is obsoleted by mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64
#出現上述錯誤說明：和mariadb-libs組件衝突，卸載mariadb-libs相關組件便可
[root@node8 src]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb*    #查看mariadb-libs相關的組件
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@node8 src]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 #卸載mariadb-libs組件
warning: /etc/my.cnf saved as /etc/my.cnf.rpmsave
[root@node8 src]# rpm -ivh ./*.rpm
warning: ./mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.23-1.e################################# [ 17%]
   2:mysql-community-libs-5.7.23-1.el7################################# [ 33%]
   3:mysql-community-client-5.7.23-1.e################################# [ 50%]
   4:mysql-community-server-5.7.23-1.e################################# [ 67%]
   5:mysql-community-devel-5.7.23-1.el################################# [ 83%]
   6:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]
#此時RPM包安裝完畢

6.3 啓動MySQL，修改密碼，爲用戶賦權

[root@node8 src]# service mysqld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
[root@node8 src]# service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@node8 src]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 
2019-12-03T10:16:32.931929Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 3yGgt,Eipr%z
[root@node8 src]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密碼爲123456，若是提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，則說明密碼設置太簡單，若是想設置123456這樣的簡單密碼，可在SQL中執行：
	#mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
	#mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
	#這樣再次執行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql';    #修改MySQL的mysql用戶的密碼爲123456
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0  Changed: 0  Warnings: 1

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;   
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;   #賦予mysql用戶能夠在任何機器上登陸，並擁有全部表的全部權限
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;   #刷新權限，讓修改當即生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#如下是爲MySQL賦權限的介紹
mysql> grant 權限1,權限2,…權限n on 數據庫名稱.表名稱 to 用戶名@用戶地址 identified by ‘鏈接口令’;
權限1,權限2,…權限n表明select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14個權限。
當權限1,權限2,…權限n被all privileges或者all代替，表示賦予用戶所有權限。
當數據庫名稱.表名稱被*.*代替，表示賦予用戶操做服務器上全部數據庫全部表的權限。
用戶地址能夠是localhost，也能夠是ip地址、機器名字、域名。也能夠用’%'表示從任何地址鏈接。
‘鏈接口令’不能爲空，不然建立失敗。
好比：
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc的employee表進行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操做的權限，並設定口令爲123。
 
mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc全部表進行全部操做的權限，並設定口令爲123。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

自此MySQL的RPM安裝就完畢了，此方法自動生成/etc/my.cnf,查看配置文件可知道MySQL的日誌目錄和數據目錄。

七.使用yum安裝MySQL

7.1 下載並安裝MySQL官方的 Yum Repository

[root@node9 ~]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
--2019-12-03 23:23:44--  http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following]
--2019-12-03 23:23:57--  https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm [following]
--2019-12-03 23:24:00--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 184.29.107.217
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|184.29.107.217|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 25548 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’

100%[================================================================================>] 25,548      21.5KB/s   in 1.2s   

2019-12-03 23:24:03 (21.5 KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm’ saved [25548/25548]

-c: No such file or directory
No URLs found in -c.
FINISHED --2019-12-03 23:24:03--
Total wall clock time: 19s
Downloaded: 1 files, 25K in 1.2s (21.5 KB/s)

[root@node9 ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==========================================================================================================================
 Package                           Arch           Version          Repository                                        Size
==========================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql57-community-release         noarch         el7-10           /mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch          30 k

Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 30 k
Installed size: 30 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch                                                                1/1 
  Verifying  : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch                                                                1/1 

Installed:
  mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10                                                                               

Complete!

7.2 安裝MySQL-server

#yum安裝MySQL會自動解決依賴，一條命令便可，可是須要網絡訪問權限
[root@node9 ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server 
.....

Installed:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7                mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7             
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7             

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7                mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.28-1.el7               

Replaced:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7                                                                                      

Complete!

7.3 啓動MySQL，查看MySQL初始化密碼

[root@node9 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@node9 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-12-04 10:22:00 CST; 1min 22s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 15965 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 15947 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 15968 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─15968 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774472Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774677Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of RSA key pair as ...ctory.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774897Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774962Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.774980Z 0 [Note]   - '::' resolves to '::';
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.775003Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.791933Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: 2019-12-04T02:22:00.792180Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 mysqld[15965]: Version: '5.7.28'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Co... (GPL)
Dec 04 10:22:00 node9 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

[root@node9 ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log   #查看MySQL初始化密碼
2019-11-05T06:35:28.565529Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: T<&loC3=%t+Q

7.4 修改MySQL的root密碼，並給用戶賦權限

mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密碼爲123456，若是提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，則說明密碼設置太簡單，若是想設置123456這樣的簡單密碼，可在SQL中執行：
	#mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
	#mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
	#這樣再次執行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql';    #修改MySQL的mysql用戶的密碼爲123456
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0  Changed: 0  Warnings: 1

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;   
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;   #賦予mysql用戶能夠在任何機器上登陸，並擁有全部表的全部權限
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;   #刷新權限，讓修改當即生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#如下是爲MySQL賦權限的介紹
mysql> grant 權限1,權限2,…權限n on 數據庫名稱.表名稱 to 用戶名@用戶地址 identified by ‘鏈接口令’;
權限1,權限2,…權限n表明select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14個權限。
當權限1,權限2,…權限n被all privileges或者all代替，表示賦予用戶所有權限。
當數據庫名稱.表名稱被*.*代替，表示賦予用戶操做服務器上全部數據庫全部表的權限。
用戶地址能夠是localhost，也能夠是ip地址、機器名字、域名。也能夠用’%'表示從任何地址鏈接。
‘鏈接口令’不能爲空，不然建立失敗。
好比：
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc的employee表進行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操做的權限，並設定口令爲123。
 
mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc全部表進行全部操做的權限，並設定口令爲123。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.5 卸載Yum Repository

#因爲安裝了Yum Repository，因此每次yum操做都會自動更新，須要把這個卸載掉
[root@node9 ~]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==========================================================================================================================
 Package                                   Arch                   Version                 Repository                 Size
==========================================================================================================================
Removing:
 mysql57-community-release                 noarch                 el7-10                  installed                  30 k

Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Installed size: 30 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch                                                                1/1 
  Verifying  : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch                                                                1/1 

Removed:
  mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-10                                                                 
Complete!

自此，yum安裝MySQL完畢。

八.源碼編譯安裝MySQL

​ 源碼編譯安裝MySQL能夠查看個人上一篇博客:http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-ejrnqugz-k.html，在此再也不贅述。

九.參考文獻

http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-bsjdjjfu-kx.html

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