winPcap編程之不用回調方法捕獲數據包(五 轉)

這一次要分析的實例程序跟上一講很是相似(「打開適配器並捕獲數據包」),略微不一樣的一點是本次將pcap_loop()函數替換成了pcap_next_ex()函數。本節的重點也就是說一下這兩個函數之間的差別。咱們知道pcap_loop()函數是基於回調的原理來進行數據捕獲的,如技術文檔所說,這是一種精妙的方法,而且在某些場合下,它是一種很好的選擇。可是在處理回調有時候會並不實用,它會增長程序的複雜度,特別是在多線程的C++程序中。而對於pcap_next_ex()函數而言,能夠經過直接調用它來得到一個數據包,也只有在調用了這個函數才能收到數據包。pcap_next_ex()函數跟pcap_loop()的回調函數參數是相同的:html

int pcap_next_ex  ( pcap_t *  p,  
struct pcap_pkthdr ** pkt_header,
const u_char ** pkt_data
)

      第一個參數是網絡適配器的描述符;第二個參數是一個指向pcap_pkthdr結構體的指針;第三個參數是指向數據報數據的緩衝的指針。網絡

      來看一下實例程序的代碼:多線程

  1 #include <stdio.h>
  2 #include <stdlib.h>
  3 #include <string.h>
  4 #include <winsock2.h>
  5 #include "pcap.h"
  6 
  7 
  8 typedef struct sockaddr_in sockad;
  9 /* 從tcptraceroute數字IP地址轉換爲字符串 */
 10 #define IPTOSBUFFERS    12
 11 char *iptos(u_long in)
 12 {
 13     static char output[IPTOSBUFFERS][3*4+3+1];
 14     static short which;
 15     u_char *p;
 16 
 17     p = (u_char *)&in;
 18     which = (which + 1 == IPTOSBUFFERS ? 0 : which + 1);
 19     sprintf(output[which], "%d.%d.%d.%d", p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]);
 20     return output[which];
 21 }
 22 
 23 void ifprint(pcap_if_t *d,int* i)
 24 {
 25     pcap_addr_t *a;
 26 
 27     printf("%d. %s", ++(*i), d->name);
 28     if (d->description)
 29         printf(" (%s)\n", d->description);
 30     else
 31         printf(" (No description available)\n");
 32     for(a=d->addresses;a;a=a->next)
 33     {
 34         switch(a->addr->sa_family)
 35         {
 36         case AF_INET:
 37             if(a->addr)
 38                 printf("\tIPv4地址:%s\n",iptos(((sockad *)a->addr)->sin_addr.s_addr));
 39             break;
 40         }
 41     }
 42 }
 43 
 44 int main()
 45 {
 46     pcap_if_t *alldevs;
 47     pcap_if_t *d;
 48     int inum;
 49     int i=0;
 50     pcap_t *adhandle;
 51     int res;
 52     char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
 53     struct tm *ltime;
 54     char timestr[16];
 55     struct pcap_pkthdr *header;
 56     u_char *pkt_data;
 57 
 58     /* 獲取設備列表 */
 59     if (pcap_findalldevs(&alldevs, errbuf) == -1)
 60     {
 61         fprintf(stderr,"Error in pcap_findalldevs: %s\n", errbuf);
 62         exit(1);
 63     }
 64 
 65     /* 打印列表 */
 66     for(d=alldevs; d; d=d->next)
 67     {
 68         ifprint(d,&i);
 69     }
 70 
 71     if(i==0)
 72     {
 73         printf("\nNo interfaces found! Make sure WinPcap is installed.\n");
 74         return -1;
 75     }
 76 
 77     printf("Enter the interface number (1-%d):",i);
 78     scanf("%d", &inum);
 79 
 80     if(inum < 1 || inum > i)
 81     {
 82         printf("\nInterface number out of range.\n");
 83         /* Free the device list */
 84         pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
 85         return -1;
 86     }
 87 
 88     /* 跳轉到選定的適配器 */
 89     for(d=alldevs, i=0; i< inum-1 ;d=d->next, i++);
 90 
 91     /* Open the adapter */
 92     if ( (adhandle= pcap_open_live(d->name, // name of the device
 93                              65536,     // portion of the packet to capture.
 94                              // 65536 grants that the whole packet will be captured on all the MACs.
 95                              1,         // promiscuous mode
 96                              1000,      // read timeout
 97                              errbuf     // error buffer
 98                              ) ) == NULL)
 99     {
100         fprintf(stderr,"\nUnable to open the adapter. %s is not supported by WinPcap\n");
101         /* Free the device list */
102         pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
103         return -1;
104     }
105 
106     printf("\nlistening on %s...\n", d->description);
107 
108     /* At this point, we don't need any more the device list. Free it */
109     pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
110 
111     /* 檢索包 */
112     while((res = pcap_next_ex( adhandle, &header, &pkt_data)) >= 0){
113 
114         if(res == 0)
115             // Timeout elapsed
116             continue;
117 
118         //convert the timestamp to readable format
119         ltime=localtime(&header->ts.tv_sec);
120         strftime( timestr, sizeof timestr, "%H:%M:%S", ltime);
121 
122         printf("%s,%.6d len:%d\n", timestr, header->ts.tv_usec, header->len);
123     }
124 
125     if(res == -1){
126         printf("Error reading the packets: %s\n", pcap_geterr(adhandle));
127         return -1;
128     }
129 
130     return 0;
131 }

 

文檔上在最後簡單地比較了一下pcap_next_ex()函數和pcap_next()函數的區別,經過函數名咱們知道pcap_next_ex()函數是在pcap_next()基礎上擴展獲得的。爲何會擴展?根據文檔說明能夠知道,pcap_next()函數有一些缺陷。好比它效率很低,儘管隱藏了回調的方式,但它仍然依賴於函數pcap_dispatch();另外,它不能檢測到EOF這個狀態,那麼若是數據包是從文件中讀取過來的,那麼它就不那麼好用了。顯然,pcap_next_ex()函數在此基礎上作出了一些改進。最後咱們來看一下pcap_next_ex()函數的返回值,引用文檔中的描述:tcp

The return value can be:函數

  • 1 if the packet has been read without problems (數據讀取無誤)
  • 0 if the timeout set with pcap_open_live() has elapsed. In this case pkt_header and pkt_data don't point to a valid packet
  • (pcap_open_live()設置的超時時間超時,在這種狀況下pkt_header和pkt_data指向一個非法的數據)
  • -1 if an error occurred (出錯)
  • -2 if EOF was reached reading from an offline capture (讀取到EOF,應該是文件)
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