C# 利用Selenium實現瀏覽器自動化操做

時間 2020-09-10

原文原文鏈接

概述

Selenium是一款免費的分佈式的自動化測試工具，支持多種開發語言，不管是C、 java、ruby、python、或是C# ，你均可以經過selenium完成自動化測試。本文以一個簡單的小例子，簡述C# 利用Selenium進行瀏覽器的模擬操做，僅供學習分享使用，若有不足之處，還請指正。css

涉及知識點

要實現本例的功能，除了要掌握Html ，JavaScript，CSS等基礎知識，還涉及如下知識點：java

log4net：主要用於日誌的記錄和存儲，本例採用log4net進行日誌記錄，便於過程跟蹤和問題排查，關於log4net的配置和介紹，以前已有說明，本文不作贅述。
Queue：隊列，先進先出模式，本文主要用於將日誌信息保存於隊列中，而後再顯示到頁面上，其中Enqueue用於添加內容到結尾處，Dequeue用於返回並移除一個位置的對象。
IWebDriver：瀏覽器驅動接口，全部的關於瀏覽器的操做均可以經過此接口進行，不一樣瀏覽器有不一樣的實現類，如：IE瀏覽器（InternetExplorerDriver）Chrome瀏覽器（ChromeDriver）等。
BackgroundWorker：後臺工做線程，區別於主線程，經過事件觸發不一樣的狀態。

Selenium安裝

本例開發工具爲VS2019，經過NuGet進行須要的軟件包的安裝與管理，以下所示：python

示例效果圖

本例採用Chrome瀏覽器，用於監控某一個網站並獲取相應內容，以下所示：web

Selenium示例介紹

定義一個webDriver，以下所示：瀏覽器

1 //谷歌瀏覽器
2 ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
3 this.driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

經過ID獲取元素並填充內容和觸發事件，以下所示：ruby

1 this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys(username);
2 this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("password")).SendKeys(password);
3 //# 7. 點擊登陸按鈕
4 this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("sign-in")).Click();

經過XPath獲取元素，以下所示：分佈式

1 string xpath1 = "//div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"price-and-detail\"]/div[@class=\"price\"]/span[@class=\"noStock\"]";
2 string txt = this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath1)).Text;

核心代碼

主要的核心代碼，就是瀏覽器的元素定位查找和事件觸發，以下所示：ide

  1 using OpenQA.Selenium;
  2 using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;
  3 using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
  4 using System;
  5 using System.Collections.Generic;
  6 using System.Linq;
  7 using System.Text;
  8 using System.Threading;
  9 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 10 
 11 namespace AiSmoking.Core
 12 {
 13     public class Smoking
 14     {
 15         /// <summary>
 16         /// 是否正在運行
 17         /// </summary>
 18         private bool running = false;
 19 
 20         /// <summary>
 21         /// 驅動
 22         /// </summary>
 23         private IWebDriver driver = null;
 24 
 25 
 26         /// <summary>
 27         /// # 無貨
 28         /// </summary>
 29         private string no_stock = "Currently Out of Stock";
 30 
 31 
 32         /// <summary>
 33         ///   # 線程等待秒數
 34         /// </summary>
 35         private int wait_sec = 2;
 36 
 37         private Dictionary<string, string> cfg_info;
 38 
 39         private string work_path = string.Empty;
 40 
 41         /// <summary>
 42         /// 構造函數
 43         /// </summary>
 44         public Smoking()
 45         {
 46 
 47         }
 48 
 49         /// <summary>
 50         /// 帶參構造函數
 51         /// </summary>
 52         /// <param name="cfg_info"></param>
 53         /// <param name="work_path"></param>
 54         public Smoking(Dictionary<string, string> cfg_info,string work_path)
 55         {
 56             this.cfg_info = cfg_info;
 57             this.work_path = work_path;
 58             this.wait_sec = int.Parse(cfg_info["wait_sec"]);
 59             //# 若是小於2，則等於2
 60             this.wait_sec = (this.wait_sec < 2 ? 2 : this.wait_sec);
 61             this.wait_sec = this.wait_sec * 1000;
 62         }
 63 
 64         /// <summary>
 65         /// 開始跑
 66         /// </summary>
 67         public void startRun()
 68         {
 69             //"""運行起來"""
 70             try
 71             {
 72                 this.running = true;
 73                 string url = this.cfg_info["url"];
 74                 string username = this.cfg_info["username"];
 75                 string password = this.cfg_info["password"];
 76                 string item_id = this.cfg_info["item_id"];
 77                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(password) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(item_id))
 78                 {
 79                     LogHelper.put("配置信息不全，請檢查config.cfg文件是否爲空，而後再重啓");
 80                     return;
 81                 }
 82                 if (this.driver == null)
 83                 {
 84                     string explorer = this.cfg_info["explorer"];
 85                     if (explorer == "Chrome")
 86                     {
 87                         //谷歌瀏覽器
 88                         ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
 89                         this.driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
 90                     }
 91                     else
 92                     {
 93                         //默認IE
 94                         var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
 95                         //options.AddAdditionalCapability.('encoding=UTF-8')
 96                         //options.add_argument('Accept= text / css, * / *')
 97                         //options.add_argument('Accept - Language= zh - Hans - CN, zh - Hans;q = 0.5')
 98                         //options.add_argument('Accept - Encoding= gzip, deflate')
 99                         //options.add_argument('user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko')
100                         //# 2. 定義瀏覽器驅動對象
101                         this.driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
102                     }
103                 }
104                 this.run(url, username, password, item_id);
105             }
106             catch (Exception e)
107             {
108                 LogHelper.put("運行過程當中出錯，請從新打開再試"+e.StackTrace);
109             }
110         }
111 
112 
113         /// <summary>
114         /// 運行
115         /// </summary>
116         /// <param name="url"></param>
117         /// <param name="username"></param>
118         /// <param name="password"></param>
119         /// <param name="item_id"></param>
120         private void run(string url, string username, string password, string item_id)
121         {
122             //"""運行起來"""
123             //# 3. 訪問網站
124             this.driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
125             //# 4. 最大化窗口
126             this.driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
127             if (this.checkIsExists(By.LinkText("帳戶登陸")))
128             {
129                 //# 判斷是否登陸：未登陸
130                 this.login(username, password);
131             }
132             if (this.checkIsExists(By.PartialLinkText("歡迎回來")))
133             {
134                 //# 判斷是否登陸：已登陸
135                 LogHelper.put("登陸成功，下一步開始工做了");
136                 this.working(item_id);
137             }
138             else
139             {
140                 LogHelper.put("登陸失敗，請設置帳號密碼");
141             }
142         }
143 
144         /// <summary>
145         /// 中止運行
146         /// </summary>
147         public void stopRun()
148         {
149             //"""中止"""
150             try
151             {
152                 this.running = false;
153                 //# 若是驅動不爲空，則關閉
154                 //self.close_browser_nicely(self.__driver)
155                 if (this.driver != null)
156                 {
157                     this.driver.Quit();
158                     //# 關閉後切要爲None，不然啓動報錯
159                     this.driver = null;
160                 }
161             }
162             catch (Exception e)
163             {
164                 //print('Stop Failure')
165             }
166             finally
167             {
168                 this.driver = null;
169             }
170         }
171 
172 
173         private void login(string username, string password)
174         {
175             //# 5. 點擊連接跳轉到登陸頁面
176             this.driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("帳戶登陸")).Click();
177             //# 6. 輸入帳號密碼
178             //# 判斷是否加載完成
179             if (this.checkIsExists(By.Id("email")))
180             {
181                 this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys(username);
182                 this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("password")).SendKeys(password);
183                 //# 7. 點擊登陸按鈕
184                 this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("sign-in")).Click();
185             }
186         }
187 
188         /// <summary>
189         /// 工做狀態
190         /// </summary>
191         /// <param name="item_id"></param>
192         private void working(string item_id)
193         {
194             while (this.running)
195             {
196                 try
197                 {
198                     //# 正常獲取信息
199                     if (this.checkIsExists(By.Id("string")))
200                     {
201                         this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).Clear();
202                         this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).SendKeys(item_id);
203                         this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).SendKeys(Keys.Enter);
204                     }
205                     //# 判斷是否查詢到商品
206                     string xpath = "//div[@class=\"specialty-header search\"]/div[@class=\"specialty-description\"]/div[@class=\"gt-450\"]/span[2] ";
207                     if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath)))
208                     {
209                         int count = int.Parse(this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath)).Text);
210                         if (count < 1)
211                         {
212                             Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
213                             LogHelper.put("沒有查詢到item id =" + item_id + "對應的信息");
214                             continue;
215                         }
216                     }
217                     else
218                     {
219                         Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
220                         LogHelper.put("沒有查詢到item id2 =" + item_id + "對應的信息");
221                         continue;
222                     }
223                     //# 判斷當前庫存是否有貨
224 
225                     string xpath1 = "//div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"price-and-detail\"]/div[@class=\"price\"]/span[@class=\"noStock\"]";
226                     if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath1)))
227                     {
228                         string txt = this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath1)).Text;
229                         if (txt == this.no_stock)
230                         {
231                             //# 當前無貨
232                             Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
233                             LogHelper.put("查詢一次" + item_id + "，無貨");
234                             continue;
235                         }
236                     }
237                     //# 連接path1
238                     string xpath2 = "//div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"imgDiv\"]/a";
239                     //# 判斷是否加載完畢
240                     //# this.waiting((By.CLASS_NAME, "imgDiv"))
241                     if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath2)))
242                     {
243                         this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath2)).Click();
244                         Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
245                         //# 加入購物車
246                         if (this.checkIsExists(By.ClassName("add-to-cart")))
247                         {
248                             this.driver.FindElement(By.ClassName("add-to-cart")).Click();
249                             LogHelper.put("加入購物車成功，商品item-id:" + item_id);
250                             break;
251                         }
252                         else
253                         {
254                             LogHelper.put("未找到加入購物車按鈕");
255                         }
256                     }
257                     else
258                     {
259                         LogHelper.put("沒有查詢到，多是商品編碼不對，或者已下架");
260                     }
261                     Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
262                 }
263                 catch (Exception e)
264                 {
265                     Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
266                     LogHelper.put(e);
267                 }
268             }
269         }
270 
271         /// <summary>
272         /// 判斷是否存在
273         /// </summary>
274         /// <param name="by"></param>
275         /// <returns></returns>
276         private bool checkIsExists(By by)
277         {
278             try
279             {
280                 int i = 0;
281                 while (this.running && i < 3)
282                 {
283                     if (this.driver.FindElements(by).Count > 0)
284                     {
285                         break;
286                     }
287                     else
288                     {
289                         Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
290                         i = i + 1;
291                     }
292                 }
293                 return this.driver.FindElements(by).Count > 0;
294             }
295             catch (Exception e)
296             {
297                 LogHelper.put(e);
298                 return false;
299             }
300         }
301 
302     }
303 }

View Code

關於日誌幫助類，代碼以下：函數

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 6 using log4net;
 7 
 8 [assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch = true)]
 9 namespace AiSmoking.Core
10 {
11     /// <summary>
12     /// 日誌幫助類
13     /// </summary>
14     public static class LogHelper
15     {
16         /// <summary>
17         /// 日誌實例
18         /// </summary>
19         private static ILog logInstance = LogManager.GetLogger("smoking");
20 
21         private static Queue<string> queue = new Queue<string>(2000);
22 
23         public static void put(string msg)
24         {
25             queue.Enqueue(msg);
26             WriteLog(msg, LogLevel.Info);
27         }
28 
29         public static void put(Exception ex)
30         {
31             WriteLog(ex.StackTrace, LogLevel.Error);
32         }
33 
34         public static string get()
35         {
36             if (queue.Count > 0)
37             {
38                 return queue.Dequeue();
39             }
40             else
41             {
42                 return string.Empty;
43             }
44         }
45 
46         public static void WriteLog(string message, LogLevel level)
47         {
48             switch (level)
49             {
50                 case LogLevel.Debug:
51                     logInstance.Debug(message);
52                     break;
53                 case LogLevel.Error:
54                     logInstance.Error(message);
55                     break;
56                 case LogLevel.Fatal:
57                     logInstance.Fatal(message);
58                     break;
59                 case LogLevel.Info:
60                     logInstance.Info(message);
61                     break;
62                 case LogLevel.Warn:
63                     logInstance.Warn(message);
64                     break;
65                 default:
66                     logInstance.Info(message);
67                     break;
68             }
69         }
70 
71 
72     }
73 
74 
75     public enum LogLevel
76     {
77         Debug = 0,
78         Error = 1,
79         Fatal = 2,
80         Info = 3,
81         Warn = 4
82     }
83 }