1,磁盤分區命令fdisknode
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l #查看磁盤分區狀況vim
Disk /dev/sda: 10.8 GB, 10837518250 bytesapp
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders編輯器
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280byteside
(這個硬盤的大小是10.8GB,有255個磁面,63個扇區,1305磁柱(cylinders)ui
每一個cylinder(磁柱)的容量是8225280 bytes=8225.280K(約爲)=8.225280M(約))this
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id Systemspa
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux操作系統
/dev/sda2 14 1305 10377990 8e Linux LVMcode
(ID和System表示的是分區類型,id看起來不太直觀,咱們要在fdisk建立一個分區時,能夠指定id來確認分區類型;好比7表示的就NTFS分區;這個在fdisk中要經過參數「t」來指定。)
硬盤分區的表示:在Linux是經過hd*x或sd*x表示的:
其中*表示的是a、b、c ... ...
另外x表示的數字一、二、3 ... ...
hd大可能是IDE硬盤;sd大可能是SCSI或移動存儲;引導(Boot):表示引導分區,在上面的例子中sda1是引導分區;
Start(開始):表示的一個分區從Xcylinder(磁柱)開始;
End(結束):表示一個分區到 Ycylinder(磁柱)結束;
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB,21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a validpartition table
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda #對磁盤sda進行分區
Thenumber of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
There isnothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and couldin certain setups cause problems with:
1) softwarethat runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2)booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
(輸入m能夠獲得幫助信息)
Command(m for help): m ---輸出幫助信息
Commandaction
a toggle a bootable flag ---設置啓動分區
b edit bsd disklabel ---編輯分區標籤
c toggle the dos compatibility flag ---切換dos兼容模式
d delete a partition --刪除一個分區
l list known partition types --列出分區類型
m print this menu --幫助
n add a new partition --創建一個新的分區
o create a new empty DOS partition table --建立一個新的空白DOS分區表
p print the partition table ---打印分區表
q quit without saving changes ---退出不保存設置
s createa new empty Sun disklabel ---建立新的sun磁盤標籤
t changea partition's system id ---改變分區的ID
u changedisplay/entry units ---改變顯示的單位
v verifythe partition table ---檢查驗證分區表
w write table to disk and exit ---保存分區表
x extra functionality (experts only) ---擴展功能
Command (m for help): n (建立一個新分區)
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4) ---指定分區類型 e爲擴展分區 p爲主分區
p (輸入p選擇建立主分區)
Partition number (1-4): 1 (建立第一個主分區,也便是後來的sda1) ---主分區最多隻能有四個
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1 ---設定起始分區的位置
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-2610, default 2610):2610
Using default value 2610 ---設定結束分區的位置
Command (m for help): w ---保存剛纔的配置信息。
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
刪除分區
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problemswith:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): d (---d 是表明刪除,而且會列出當前磁盤的分區數)
Selected partition 1 (1 是要刪除的分區編號)
Command (m for help): p (---p 是表明刪除後,顯示磁盤還有幾個剩餘的分區)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 已經沒有分區了
Command (m for help): w (---w 保存剛纔的操做而且生效)
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
經過fdisk 命令來建立一指定大小的分區並增長一個分區
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problemswith:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): n ---建立分區
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p 輸入p --指定分區類型爲主分區
Partition number (1-4): 1 --指定其實分區號
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1 --指定起始柱面號
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-2610, default 2610): 1024 ---指定終止柱面號
Command (m for help): w ---保存分區配置信息
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the nextreboot.
Syncing disks.
增長分區
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb -----增長分區
The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problemswith:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): n ---分區類型
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4) ---仍是指定主分區
p
Partition number (1-4): 1 ---分區號,我指定1。
Partition 1is already defined. Delete it beforere-adding it.
–提示分區號1已經存在,刪除後操做
Command (m for help): n --咱們從新建立分區
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4) --指定分區類型
p
Partition number (1-4): 2 ---由於分區1已經存在,因此咱們指定分區2,可經過。
First cylinder (1025-2610, default 1025): ---指定起始礠柱號,默認是上一分區後一號。
Using default value 1025
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1025-2610, default 2610): 2000 指定終止柱號。
Command (m for help): w ---保存分區配置
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the nextreboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#
經過fdisk命令來修改現有分區類型
fdisk 經過t參數來指定
查看分區類型
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb 查看分區信息,類型是Linux,id是83
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1024 8225248+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1025 2000 7839720 83 Linux
修改分區類型
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problemswith:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): t ---進入修改分區類型
Partition number (1-4): 1 ---指定須要修改的分區號
Hex code (type L tolist codes): 6 ---指定分區號爲6,也就是FAT16
注意:查看分區類型的代碼,在這裏能夠輸入L查看就能夠了
Changed system type of partition 1 to 6(FAT16)
Command (m for help): w ---保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the nextreboot.
WARNING: If you have created or modifiedany DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manualpage for additional
information.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb ---咱們看到已經FAT16,而且ID也改爲6了。
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1024 8225248+ 6 FAT16
/dev/sdb2 1025 2000 7839720 83 Linux
[root@localhost ~]#
mkfs對分區進行格式化:
對分區進行格式化的命令以下,mkfs後面所接的表明的是將要格式化成的文件系統類型:
mkfs.bfs
mkfs.ext3
mkfs.ext4
mkfs.jfs
mkfs.msdos
mkfs.vfat
mkfs.cramfs
mkfs.minix
mkfs.reiserfs
mkfs.xfs
格式化分區:
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 ---格式化分區類型爲ext4
mke4fs 1.41.5(23-Apr-2009)
Filesystem label= ---咱們沒有指定卷標,就沒有
OS type: Linux ---操做系統類型
Block size=4096 (log=2) --單個塊的大小
Fragment size=4096 (log=2) --片大小
1310720 inodes, 5241198blocks
262059 blocks (5.00%)reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912,819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables:done
Creating journal (32768blocks): done
Writing superblocks andfilesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will beautomatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comesfirst. Use tune4fs -c or -i to override.
mount掛載磁盤:(臨時掛載)
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir/data --建立掛載目錄點
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data --將/dev/sdb1掛載到/data
驗證是否成功掛載
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
7.7G 3.1G 4.2G 43% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 0 506M 0% dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 20G 16K 20G 1% /data --已經成功掛載了。
[root@localhost ~]#
修改fstab表掛載磁盤(永久掛載)
經過vim編輯器編輯/etc/fstab文件,內容以下,(紅色部分是剛添加上去的):
掛載路徑 掛載的分區 文件系統 掛載參數 是否要備份 自檢順序
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00/ ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boo ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01swap swap defaults 0 0
/data /dev/sdb1 ext4 defaults 0 0
保存後執行命令 mount -a 加載最新配置
第四列掛載參數:經過mount來查看
第五列是否要備份:(0爲不備份,1爲要備份,通常狀況下不用作備份)
第六列自檢程序 (0爲不自檢,1或2爲要自檢,若是是根分區要設置1,其它分區只能是2)