實驗目錄:網絡
1.BGP基本實驗tcp
2.非等級負載分擔oop
3.LOCAL_PREF屬性學習
實現離開本地AS時的最佳路由spa
4.MED屬性code
實現進入AS時的最佳路徑router
5.Prefered-value(首選值)屬性ip
6.BGP反射ci
7.同步路由
實驗拓撲:
1.EBGP對等體之間的基本配置
[R1]bgp 10
[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-bgp]peer 192.168.1.2 as-number 20
[R1-bgp]peer 192.168.4.1 as-number 20(沒用到)
[R1-bgp]net 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-bgp]q
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.1.1 as-number 10
[R2-bgp]network 2.2.2.2 32
2.創建鄰居關係必需要求tcp可達,ospf宣告直連網段
[R2]ospf
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R2-ospf-1]q
[R3]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R3-ospf-1]q
[R4]ospf
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R4-ospf-1]q
3.R2和R3是創建鄰居關係
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.2.2 as-number 20
[R3]bgp 20
[R3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-bgp]peer 192.168.2.1 as-number 20
[R3-bgp]network 3.3.3.3 32
[R2-bgp]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 3
BGP Local router ID is 2.2.2.2
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 1.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 0 0 10i
*> 2.2.2.2/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
*>i 3.3.3.3/32 192.168.2.2 0 100 0 i
*表明有效路由
>表明最有路由
[R3-bgp]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 3
BGP Local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
i 1.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 0 100 0 10i
*>i 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.2.1 0 100 0 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
關於到1.1.1。1的無效咱們下面講
4.R3和R4開啓鄰居關係
[R3-bgp]peer 192.168.3.2 as-number 20
[R4-bgp]peer 192.168.3.1 as-number 20
R2上學不到R4的4.4.4.4,一樣R4也學不到R2的路由
[R3-bgp]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 3
BGP Local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
i 1.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 0 100 0 10i
*>i 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.2.1 0 100 0 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
上面能夠看到,R3已經有到1.1.1.1、2.2.2.2網絡的路由,R3不會發給R4嗎??
看R4的,答案是沒有把路由信息發給R4。
緣由是:BGP遵循AS_PATH屬性。
AS_PATH屬性是公認比遵循屬性。該屬性主要解決環路問題,BGP發言者從IBGP得到的路由不向它的IBGP對等實體發送!
[R4-bgp]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 1
BGP Local router ID is 4.4.4.4
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 3.3.3.3/32 192.168.3.1 0 100 0 i
5.咱們要建立全鏈接
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.3.2 as-number 20
[R4]bgp 20
[R4-bgp]peer 192.168.2.1 as-number 20
查看到1.1.1.1的路由不是有效的,咱們下面解決
[R4-bgp]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 3
BGP Local router ID is 4.4.4.4
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
i 1.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 0 100 0 10i
*>i 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.2.1 0 100 0 i
*>i 3.3.3.3/32 192.168.3.1 0 100 0 i
從上面的輸出能夠看出,R4到1.1.1.1不是有效的,是由於下一跳是192.168.1.1的緣由
R4根本就不知道到達192.168.1.1的路徑!
出現的最終緣由是什麼呢?
答案:NEXT_HOP屬性。NEXT_HOP也是公認比遵循屬性。
下面是NEXT_HOP的四個特性!
1.BGP發言者把本身產生的路由發給全部鄰居時,將把改路由信息的下一跳屬性修改他們直連的網段。像R4學到R3的路由,下一跳就是192.168.3.1。
2.BGP發言者把從EBGP鄰居獲得的路由發給IBGP鄰居時,並不改變該路由信息的下一跳屬性,將從EBGP獲得的路由的NEXT_HOP直接傳遞給IBGP對等體。像R3從R2學到R1路由,下一跳是192.168.1.1。
3.當內部的發給外部的就不是上面的那樣的,下一跳會是他們直連的網段。像R1從R2學到R3路由,下一跳是192.168.1.2。
解決方法是配置R2
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.3.2 next-hop-local
此時在查看R4到R1的路由爲有效了
[R4-bgp]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 3
BGP Local router ID is 4.4.4.4
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 1.1.1.1/32 192.168.2.1 0 100 0 10i
*>i 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.2.1 0 100 0 i
*>i 3.3.3.3/32 192.168.3.1 0 100 0 i
爲何下一跳就是192.168.2.1而不是192.168.3.1呢?
由於R1的路由信息是從R2傳到R4的(邏輯上的bgp鄰居)
查看一下R3的bgp路由
[R3]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 3
BGP Local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
i 1.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 0 100 0 10i
*>i 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.2.1 0 100 0 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
一樣是不可達的,咱們怎樣解決呢?同上啊!原理同樣!
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.2.2 next-hop-local
6.此時咱們宣告一下4.4.4.4 32網絡,查看全部的bgp路由狀況
R1的到全部的都有效、最優
<R1>display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 4
BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
*> 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.1.2 0 0 20i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 192.168.1.2 0 20i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 192.168.1.2 0 20i
而且加上源地址能ping同。爲何不加源地址不行呢?
緣由是R1不是知道as20內的直連網絡,在ping的時候沒有能夠匹配的路由,數據包丟棄
<R1>ping -a 1.1.1.1 4.4.4.4
PING 4.4.4.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=34 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=20 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=10 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=1 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=20 ms
--- 4.4.4.4 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/17/34 ms
[R4]ping -a 4.4.4.4 1.1.1.1
PING 1.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=35 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=20 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=20 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=1 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=1 ms
--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/15/35 ms
6.怎樣才能不加源地址呢?
引進直連路由
[R1]bgp 10
[R1-bgp]import-route direct
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]import-route direct
此時查看一下R1的路由
[R1]display ip routing-table
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 14 Routes : 14
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
2.2.2.2/32 BGP 255 0 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
3.3.3.3/32 BGP 255 0 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
4.4.4.4/32 BGP 255 0 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0
192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.2.0/24 BGP 255 0 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.2.2/32 BGP 255 0 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.4.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.4.2 S0/2/1
192.168.4.1/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.4.1 S0/2/1
192.168.4.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
[R1]ping 4.4.4.4
PING 4.4.4.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=15 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=1 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=10 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=10 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=20 ms
--- 4.4.4.4 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/11/20 ms
當R4 ping 1.1.1.1時怎麼ping不通呢?
由於數據包過去了,沒有回來!
當R4發的ping包到源地址是192.168.3.2目的地址1.1.1.1達R1後,R1作出迴應。ping包的源地址1.1.1.1目的地址爲192.168.3.2,而R1的路由表裏沒有,因此丟棄
[R4]ping 1.1.1.1
PING 1.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
Request time out
--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
0 packet(s) received
100.00% packet loss
要想直接ping同。能夠在R3或者R4上引入直連的,只要讓R1學的到到192.168.3.2的路由即可以
[R3]bgp 20
[R3-bgp]import-route direct
配置BGP基本實驗結束
二.非等級負載分擔
實驗拓撲:
在實驗一得基礎上添加了R1與R4之間的鄰居關係
從R1查看到R3的路由,發現到3.3.3.3走的R2。
實現負載分擔的命令是:
[R1]bgp 10
[R1-bgp]balance 2 /默認是1
從上面能夠看出R1到3.3.3.3實現了負載!
三.LOCAL_PREF屬性
簡介:
實現選擇離開本地AS時的最佳路徑
會影響本as區域內的選路,當本區域到達某個目的網段有多個路徑時,能夠配置local_pref屬性來影響選路!
數值越大越優先
實驗拓撲:
|
|
如今查看R3到1.1.1.1走的是R2即:R3-----R2-----R1
咱們作下修改。讓R3到R1的路徑走: R3----R4----R1
[R4]bgp 20
[R4-bgp]default local-preference ?
INTEGER<0-4294967295> Specify a local preference
[R4-bgp]default local-preference 200
四.MED屬性
簡介:
實現進入AS時的最佳路徑
MED用於EBGP鄰居有多條路徑到達本AS的狀況,用途是告訴EBGP鄰居進入本AS的較優先路徑!
數值越小越優先
實驗拓撲:
修改R2的med值
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]default med ?
INTEGER<0-4294967295> MED value
[R2-bgp]default med 2
五.Prefered-value(首選值)屬性
簡介:
首選值爲私有BGP屬性,經過爲從不一樣對等體接受到的路由分配不一樣的首選值。
越大越好!
六.BGP反射
實驗人:高承旺
實驗名稱:BGP反射
實驗拓撲:
實驗步驟
R1與R2創建鄰居關係
[R1]bgp 10
[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-bgp]peer 192.168.1.2 as-number 20
[R1-bgp]net 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-bgp]q
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.1.1 as-number 10
[R2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-bgp]net 2.2.2.2 32
[R2-bgp]q
開啓ospf
[R2]ospf
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R3]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R3-ospf-1]q
[R4]ospf
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R4-ospf-1]q
IBGP鄰居創建
R2----R3---R4
R2和R4之間不創建鄰居
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.2.2 as-number 20
[R2-bgp]q
[R3]bgp 20
[R3-bgp]peer 192.168.2.1 as-number 20
[R3-bgp]peer 192.168.3.2 as-number 20
[R3-bgp]q
[R3]bgp 20
[R3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-bgp]net 3.3.3.3 32
[R4]bgp 20
[R4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-bgp]peer 192.168.3.1 as-n
[R4-bgp]peer 192.168.3.1 as-number 20
[R4-bgp]network 4.4.4.4 32
到1.1.1.1的不是有效最優的
[R3]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 4
BGP Local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
i 1.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 0 100 0 10i
*>i 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.2.1 0 100 0 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
*>i 4.4.4.4/32 192.168.3.2 0 100 0 i
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.2.2 next-hop-local
開啓反射
[R3]bgp 20
[R3-bgp]peer 192.168.2.1 reflect-client
[R3-bgp]peer 192.168.3.2 reflect-client
[R2]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 4
BGP Local router ID is 2.2.2.2
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 1.1.1.1/32 192.168.1.1 0 0 10i
*> 2.2.2.2/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
*>i 3.3.3.3/32 192.168.2.2 0 100 0 i
i 4.4.4.4/32 192.168.3.2 0 100 0 i
雖然鄰居建立好了,可是是不能通訊的,由於BGP不知道到192。168.3.0的網段!
讓BGP知道知道192.168.3.0網絡
[R3]bgp 20
[R3-bgp]net 192.168.3.0 24
<R1>display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 5
BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
*> 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.1.2 0 0 20i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 192.168.1.2 0 20i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 192.168.1.2 0 20i
*> 192.168.3.0 192.168.1.2 0 20i
[R1]ping -a 1.1.1.1 4.4.4.4
PING 4.4.4.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=15 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=20 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=1 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=20 ms
Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=20 ms
--- 4.4.4.4 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/15/20 ms
七.BGP同步
簡介:
開啓同步,內網必需要知道到外網as的網段
實驗拓撲:在實驗六的基礎上!
鄰居創建:
取消上面實驗的IBGP鄰居關係
R2-----R4建立鄰居關係。
R3不與R2、R4建立鄰居關係
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.3.2 as-number 20
[R4]bgp 20
[R4-bgp]peer 192.168.2.1 as-number 20
[R4-bgp]peer 192.168.4.2 as-number 30
[R5]bgp 30
[R5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-bgp]peer 192.168.4.1 as-number 20
[R5-bgp]net 5.5.5.5 32
[R5-bgp]q
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.3.2 next-hop-local
[R4]bgp 20
[R4-bgp]peer 192.168.2.1 next-hop-local
<R1>display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 4
BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
*> 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.1.2 0 0 20i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 192.168.1.2 0 20i
*> 5.5.5.5/32 192.168.1.2 0 20 30i
[R5]display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 4
BGP Local router ID is 5.5.5.5
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 1.1.1.1/32 192.168.4.1 0 20 10i
*> 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.4.1 0 20i
*> 4.4.4.4/32 192.168.4.1 0 0 20i
*> 5.5.5.5/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
上面輸出表面全部的鄰居已經建立成功!
咱們開啓R2和R4的同步
[R2]bgp 20
[R2-bgp]synchronization
[R4]bgp 20
[R4-bgp]synchronization
[R4-bgp]q
<R1>display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 2
BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
*> 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.1.2 0 0 20i
開啓後鄰居關係變了,緣由是內部網絡不知道到達外網AS的網段
總之:開啓同步,內網必需要知道到外網as的網段
作法有不少種。只要內部的有到外部的網段就行!
咱們以用ospf引進bgp路由來學習外網網段
[R2]ospf
[R2-ospf-1]import-route bgp
[R4]ospf
[R4-ospf-1]import-route bgp
<R1>display bgp routing-table
Total Number of Routes: 3
BGP Local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 0 i
*> 2.2.2.2/32 192.168.1.2 0 0 20i
*> 5.5.5.5/32 192.168.1.2 0 20 30i
<R1>ping -a 1.1.1.1 5.5.5.5
PING 5.5.5.5: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=252 time=34 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=252 time=1 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=252 time=1 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=252 time=1 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=252 time=10 ms
--- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/9/34 ms