JNI

 

JNI技術對於多java開發的朋友相信並不陌生,即(java native interface),本地調用接口,主要功能有如下兩點:

一、java層調用C/C++層代碼

二、C/C++層調用java層代碼

 

可能有些人會以爲jni技術破壞了Java語言的跨平臺性,有這種想法多是由於你對java理解得還不夠深,若是你看看jdk源碼,你會發如今jdk裏面大量使用了jni技術,並且java虛擬機就是用本地語言寫的,因此致使jvm並不能跨平臺性,因此說java的跨平臺性並非100%的跨平臺的。相反你應該看到使用Jni的優點:

一、由於C/C++語言原本機比java語言誕生早,因此不少庫代碼都是使用C/C++寫的,有了Jni咱們就能夠直接使用了,不用重複造輪子。

二、不能否認,C/C++執行效率比java 高,對於一些對效率有要求的功能,必須使用C/C++.

 

因爲打算研究Android 中java層和native層是如何鏈接起來的,因此想研究一下Android中的jni技術(在閱讀以前,最好了解jni中的基本知識,如jni中數據類型,簽名格式,否則看起來可能有些吃力),因爲工做和MediaPlayer有關,這裏就使用MediaPlayer爲例吧。

 

當咱們的app要播放視頻的時候,咱們使用的是java層的MediaPlayer類,咱們進入到MediaPlayer.java看看(提醒:我這裏使用的是源碼4.1)

主要注意的有兩點:

一、靜態代碼塊:
static {
       System.loadLibrary(media_jni);
       native_init();
   }

二、native_init的簽名:

private static native final void native_init();

看到靜態代碼塊後,咱們能夠知道MediaPlayer對應的jni層代碼在Media_jni.so庫中
 

 

本地層對應的so庫是libmedia.so,因此MediaPlayer.java經過Media_jni.so和MediaPlayer.cpp(libmedia.so)進行交互

 

下面咱們就深刻到細節吧。不過在深刻細節前,我先要告訴你一個規則,在Android中,一般java層類和jni層類的名字有以下關係,拿MediaPlayer爲例,java層叫android.media.MediaPlayer.java,那麼jni層叫作android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp

 

因爲native_init是一個本地方法,那麼咱們就到android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp找到native_init的對應方法吧

static void
android_media_MediaPlayer_native_init(JNIEnv *env)
{
    jclass clazz;
 
    clazz = env->FindClass(android/media/MediaPlayer);
    if (clazz == NULL) {
        return;
    }
 
    fields.context = env->GetFieldID(clazz, mNativeContext, I);
    if (fields.context == NULL) {
        return;
    }
 
    fields.post_event = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, postEventFromNative,
                                               (Ljava/lang/Object;IIILjava/lang/Object;)V);
    if (fields.post_event == NULL) {
        return;
    }
 
    fields.surface_texture = env->GetFieldID(clazz, mNativeSurfaceTexture, I);
    if (fields.surface_texture == NULL) {
        return;
    }
}

對應上面的代碼,若是你對java中的反射理解得很透徹的話,其實很好理解,首先找到java層的MediaPlayer的Class對象,jclass是java層Class在native層的代碼,而後分別保存mNaviceContext字段,postEventFromNative方法,mNativeSurfaceTexture字段。
 

 

其實這裏我最想說明的是另一個問題,就是MediaPlayer中的native_init方法時如何跟android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp中的android_media_MediaPlayer_native_init對應起來的,由於咱們知道若是使用javah自動生成的頭文件,那麼在jni層的名字應該是java_android_media_MediaPlayer_native_linit。其實這裏涉及到一個動態註冊的過程。

 

其實在java層代用System.loadLibrary成功後,就會調用jni文件中的JNI_onLoad方法,android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp中的JNI_onLoad方法以下(截取部分)
jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* reserved)
{
    JNIEnv* env = NULL;
    jint result = -1;
 
    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK) {
        ALOGE(ERROR: GetEnv failed
);
        goto bail;
    }
    assert(env != NULL);
 
    if (register_android_media_MediaPlayer(env) < 0) {
        ALOGE(ERROR: MediaPlayer native registration failed
);
        goto bail;
    }
 
   
 
    /* success -- return valid version number */
    result = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
 
bail:
    return result;
}
這裏有一個方法叫作register_android_media_MediaPlayer,咱們進入此方法,看看註冊了什麼
 
static int register_android_media_MediaPlayer(JNIEnv *env)
{
    return AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(env,
                android/media/MediaPlayer, gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
}

這裏就是調用了AndroidRuntime提供的registerNativeMethods方法,這裏涉及到一個gMethods的變量,它實際上是一個結構體

typedef struct {
const char* name;
const char* signature;
void* fnPtr;
} JNINativeMethod;

name:就是在java層方法名稱
 

signature:就是方法在簽名

fnPtr:在jni層對應的函數名稱

,那麼咱們找到native_init在gMethods對應的值吧


static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
    {
        _setDataSource,
        (Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;)V,
        (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_setDataSourceAndHeaders
    },
 
    ....
    {native_init,         ()V,                              (void *)android_media_MediaPlayer_native_init},
    ...
};
接下來,咱們看看AndroidRuntime中的registerNativeMethods作了什麼吧
 


/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
{
    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
}


調用了jniRegisterNativeMethods


20
extern C int jniRegisterNativeMethods(C_JNIEnv* env, const char* className,
    const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
{
    JNIEnv* e = reinterpret_cast<jnienv*>(env);
 
    ALOGV(Registering %s natives, className);
 
    scoped_local_ref<jclass> c(env, findClass(env, className));
    if (c.get() == NULL) {
        ALOGE(Native registration unable to find class '%s', aborting, className);
        abort();
    }
 
    if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(e, c.get(), gMethods, numMethods) < 0) {
        ALOGE(RegisterNatives failed for '%s', aborting, className);
        abort();
    }
 
    return 0;
}</jclass></jnienv*>

最終調用了env的RegisterNativers完成了註冊。
 

 

其實寫到這裏,咱們已經知道了java層和jni是如何聯繫起來的,接下來我想說的是jni是如何將java層和native聯繫起來的,仍是用MediaPlayer爲例吧,咱們進入MediaPlayer的構造函數。

public MediaPlayer() {
 
    Looper looper;
    if ((looper = Looper.myLooper()) != null) {
        mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);
    } else if ((looper = Looper.getMainLooper()) != null) {
        mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);
    } else {
        mEventHandler = null;
    }
 
    /* Native setup requires a weak reference to our object.
     * It's easier to create it here than in C++.
     */
    native_setup(new WeakReference<mediaplayer>(this));
}</mediaplayer>

這裏建立了一個mEventHandler對象,並調用了native_setup方法,咱們進入到android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp的對應方法看看

static void
android_media_MediaPlayer_native_setup(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject weak_this)
{
    ALOGV(native_setup);
    sp<mediaplayer> mp = new MediaPlayer();
    if (mp == NULL) {
        jniThrowException(env, java/lang/RuntimeException, Out of memory);
        return;
    }
 
    // create new listener and give it to MediaPlayer
    sp<jnimediaplayerlistener> listener = new JNIMediaPlayerListener(env, thiz, weak_this);
    mp->setListener(listener);
 
    // Stow our new C++ MediaPlayer in an opaque field in the Java object.
    setMediaPlayer(env, thiz, mp);
}</jnimediaplayerlistener></mediaplayer>

這裏建立了一個本地MediaPlayer對象,而且設置了listener,(若是作過播放器的同窗應該知道這個listener應該知道幹啥,不知道也不要緊),最後調用了setMediaPlayer方法,這個纔是咱們須要關注的。
 
static sp<mediaplayer> setMediaPlayer(JNIEnv* env, jobject thiz, const sp<mediaplayer>& player)
{
    Mutex::Autolock l(sLock);
    sp<mediaplayer> old = (MediaPlayer*)env->GetIntField(thiz, fields.context);
    if (player.get()) {
        player->incStrong(thiz);
    }
    if (old != 0) {
        old->decStrong(thiz);
    }
    env->SetIntField(thiz, fields.context, (int)player.get());
    return old;
}</mediaplayer></mediaplayer></mediaplayer>
其實就是先拿到fields.context的對應的值,還記得這個這個值是什麼嗎,不記得的能夠回到上面看看

fields.context = env->GetFieldID(clazz, mNativeContext, I);

其實就是java層mNativeContext對應的值,就是將本地MediaPlayer的地址存放到mNativeContext中。

如今加入咱們要播放一個本地Mp4視頻,那麼使用以下代碼便可

mediaPlayer.setDataSource(/mnt/sdcard/a.mp4);   
mediaPlayer.setDisplay(surface1.getHolder());  
mediaPlayer.prepare();  
mediaPlayer.start();

其實這裏調用的 幾個都是本地方法,這裏我就是用prepare方法爲例,講解MediaPlaeyr.java和MediaPlayer.cpp的交互
 

當在java層調用prepare方法時,在jni層會調用以下方法
static void
android_media_MediaPlayer_prepare(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz)
{
    sp<mediaplayer> mp = getMediaPlayer(env, thiz);
    if (mp == NULL ) {
        jniThrowException(env, java/lang/IllegalStateException, NULL);
        return;
    }
 
    // Handle the case where the display surface was set before the mp was
    // initialized. We try again to make it stick.
    sp<isurfacetexture> st = getVideoSurfaceTexture(env, thiz);
    mp->setVideoSurfaceTexture(st);
 
    process_media_player_call( env, thiz, mp->prepare(), java/io/IOException, Prepare failed. );
}</isurfacetexture></mediaplayer>
這裏經過getMediaPlayer方法拿到本地的MediaPlayer對象,調用調用本地方法process_media_player_call,並將本地MediaPlayer調用parepare方法的結果傳遞給此方法。
static void process_media_player_call(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, status_t opStatus, const char* exception, const char *message)
{
    if (exception == NULL) {  // Don't throw exception. Instead, send an event.
        if (opStatus != (status_t) OK) {
            sp<mediaplayer> mp = getMediaPlayer(env, thiz);
            if (mp != 0) mp->notify(MEDIA_ERROR, opStatus, 0);
        }
    } else {  // Throw exception!
        if ( opStatus == (status_t) INVALID_OPERATION ) {
            jniThrowException(env, java/lang/IllegalStateException, NULL);
        } else if ( opStatus == (status_t) PERMISSION_DENIED ) {
            jniThrowException(env, java/lang/SecurityException, NULL);
        } else if ( opStatus != (status_t) OK ) {
            if (strlen(message) > 230) {
               // if the message is too long, don't bother displaying the status code
               jniThrowException( env, exception, message);
            } else {
               char msg[256];
                // append the status code to the message
               sprintf(msg, %s: status=0x%X, message, opStatus);
               jniThrowException( env, exception, msg);
            }
        }
    }
}</mediaplayer>
在這個裏面根據prepare返回的狀態,若是exception==null 而且prepare執行失敗,測試不拋異常,而是調用本地MediaPlayer的notify方法。
void MediaPlayer::notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2, const Parcel *obj)
{
    ALOGV(message received msg=%d, ext1=%d, ext2=%d, msg, ext1, ext2);
    bool send = true;
    bool locked = false;
 
   ...
 
    switch (msg) {
    case MEDIA_NOP: // interface test message
        break;
    case MEDIA_PREPARED:
        ALOGV(prepared);
        mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_PREPARED;
        if (mPrepareSync) {
            ALOGV(signal application thread);
            mPrepareSync = false;
            mPrepareStatus = NO_ERROR;
            mSignal.signal();
        }
        break;
    case MEDIA_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE:
        ALOGV(playback complete);
        if (mCurrentState == MEDIA_PLAYER_IDLE) {
            ALOGE(playback complete in idle state);
        }
        if (!mLoop) {
            mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE;
        }
        break;
    case MEDIA_ERROR:
        // Always log errors.
        // ext1: Media framework error code.
        // ext2: Implementation dependant error code.
        ALOGE(error (%d, %d), ext1, ext2);
        mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ERROR;
        if (mPrepareSync)
        {
            ALOGV(signal application thread);
            mPrepareSync = false;
            mPrepareStatus = ext1;
            mSignal.signal();
            send = false;
        }
        break;
    case MEDIA_INFO:
        // ext1: Media framework error code.
        // ext2: Implementation dependant error code.
        if (ext1 != MEDIA_INFO_VIDEO_TRACK_LAGGING) {
            ALOGW(info/warning (%d, %d), ext1, ext2);
        }
        break;
    case MEDIA_SEEK_COMPLETE:
        ALOGV(Received seek complete);
        if (mSeekPosition != mCurrentPosition) {
            ALOGV(Executing queued seekTo(%d), mSeekPosition);
            mSeekPosition = -1;
            seekTo_l(mCurrentPosition);
        }
        else {
            ALOGV(All seeks complete - return to regularly scheduled program);
            mCurrentPosition = mSeekPosition = -1;
        }
        break;
    case MEDIA_BUFFERING_UPDATE:
        ALOGV(buffering %d, ext1);
        break;
    case MEDIA_SET_VIDEO_SIZE:
        ALOGV(New video size %d x %d, ext1, ext2);
        mVideoWidth = ext1;
        mVideoHeight = ext2;
        break;
    case MEDIA_TIMED_TEXT:
        ALOGV(Received timed text message);
        break;
    default:
        ALOGV(unrecognized message: (%d, %d, %d), msg, ext1, ext2);
        break;
    }
 
    sp<mediaplayerlistener> listener = mListener;
    if (locked) mLock.unlock();
 
    // this prevents re-entrant calls into client code
    if ((listener != 0) && send) {
        Mutex::Autolock _l(mNotifyLock);
        ALOGV(callback application);
        listener->notify(msg, ext1, ext2, obj);
        ALOGV(back from callback);
    }
}</mediaplayerlistener>


 

作過播放器的同窗應該對上面幾個消息都不陌生吧,因爲剛纔調用prepare方法失敗了,因此這裏應該執行MEDIA_ERROR分支,最後調用listener的notify代碼,這個listener就是在native_setup中設置的
void JNIMediaPlayerListener::notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2, const Parcel *obj)
{
    JNIEnv *env = AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv();
    if (obj && obj->dataSize() > 0) {
        jobject jParcel = createJavaParcelObject(env);
        if (jParcel != NULL) {
            Parcel* nativeParcel = parcelForJavaObject(env, jParcel);
            nativeParcel->setData(obj->data(), obj->dataSize());
            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(mClass, fields.post_event, mObject,
                    msg, ext1, ext2, jParcel);
        }
    } else {
        env->CallStaticVoidMethod(mClass, fields.post_event, mObject,
                msg, ext1, ext2, NULL);
    }
    if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
        ALOGW(An exception occurred while notifying an event.);
        LOGW_EX(env);
        env->ExceptionClear();
    }
}

還記得fields.post_event保存的是什麼嗎
fields.post_event = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, postEventFromNative,
                                               (Ljava/lang/Object;IIILjava/lang/Object;)V);

就是java層MediaPlayer的postEventFromNative方法,也就是說若是播放出錯了,那麼就經過調用postEventFromNative方法來告訴java層的MediaPlayer。

private static void postEventFromNative(Object mediaplayer_ref,
                                        int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj)
{
    MediaPlayer mp = (MediaPlayer)((WeakReference)mediaplayer_ref).get();
    if (mp == null) {
        return;
    }
 
    if (what == MEDIA_INFO && arg1 == MEDIA_INFO_STARTED_AS_NEXT) {
        // this acquires the wakelock if needed, and sets the client side state
        mp.start();
    }
    if (mp.mEventHandler != null) {
        Message m = mp.mEventHandler.obtainMessage(what, arg1, arg2, obj);
        mp.mEventHandler.sendMessage(m);
    }
}

這個時間最終經過mEventHandler處理,也就是在咱們app進程中處理這個錯誤。java

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