private ILoginService<ApplicationUser> _loginService; public AccountController() { _loginService = new EFLoginService() }
javascript
public AccountController(ILoginService<ApplicationUser> loginService) { _loginService = loginService; }
把依賴的建立丟給其它人,本身只負責使用,其它人丟給你依賴的這個過程理解爲注入。php
var controller = new AccountController(new EFLoginService()); controller.Login(userName, password); // 用Redis來替換原來的EF登陸 var controller = new AccountController(new RedisLoginService()); controller.Login(userName, password);
var serviceCollection = new ServiceCollection()
.AddTransient<ILoginService, EFLoginService>() .AddSingleton<ILoginService, EFLoginService>() .AddScoped<ILoginService, EFLoginService>();
public interface IServiceCollection : IList<ServiceDescriptor> { }
咱們上面的AddTransient、AddSignletone和Scoped方法是IServiceCollection的擴展方法, 都是往這個List裏面添加ServiceDescriptor。css
private static IServiceCollection Add( IServiceCollection collection, Type serviceType, Type implementationType, ServiceLifetime lifetime) { var descriptor = new ServiceDescriptor(serviceType, implementationType, lifetime); collection.Add(descriptor); return collection; }
public enum ServiceLifetime { Singleton, Scoped, Transient }
public interface IOperation { Guid OperationId { get; } } public interface IOperationSingleton : IOperation { } public interface IOperationTransient : IOperation{} public interface IOperationScoped : IOperation{}
咱們的 Operation實現很簡單,能夠在構造函數中傳入一個Guid進行賦值,若是沒有的話則自已New一個 Guid。html
public class Operation : IOperationSingleton, IOperationTransient, IOperationScoped { private Guid _guid; public Operation() { _guid = Guid.NewGuid(); } public Operation(Guid guid) { _guid = guid; } public Guid OperationId => _guid; }
在程序內咱們能夠屢次調用ServiceProvider的GetService方法,獲取到的都是同一個實例。vue
var services = new ServiceCollection(); // 默認構造 services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>(); // 自定義傳入Guid空值 services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton>( new Operation(Guid.Empty)); // 自定義傳入一個New的Guid services.AddSingleton <IOperationSingleton>( new Operation(Guid.NewGuid())); var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider(); // 輸出singletone1的Guid var singletone1 = provider.GetService<IOperationSingleton>(); Console.WriteLine($"signletone1: {singletone1.OperationId}"); // 輸出singletone2的Guid var singletone2 = provider.GetService<IOperationSingleton>(); Console.WriteLine($"signletone2: {singletone2.OperationId}"); Console.WriteLine($"singletone1 == singletone2 ? : { singletone1 == singletone2 }");
咱們對IOperationSingleton註冊了三次,最後獲取兩次,你們要注意到咱們獲取到的始終都是咱們最後一次註冊的那個給了一個Guid的實例,前面的會被覆蓋。java
此次咱們獲取到的IOperationTransient爲兩個不一樣的實例。面試
var services = new ServiceCollection(); services.AddTransient<IOperationTransient, Operation>(); var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider(); var transient1 = provider.GetService<IOperationTransient>(); Console.WriteLine($"transient1: {transient1.OperationId}"); var transient2 = provider.GetService<IOperationTransient>(); Console.WriteLine($"transient2: {transient2.OperationId}"); Console.WriteLine($"transient1 == transient2 ? : { transient1 == transient2 }");
var services = new ServiceCollection()
.AddScoped<IOperationScoped, Operation>() .AddTransient<IOperationTransient, Operation>() .AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>();
接下來咱們用ServiceProvider.CreateScope方法建立一個Scopedom
var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider(); using (var scope1 = provider.CreateScope()) { var p = scope1.ServiceProvider; var scopeobj1 = p.GetService<IOperationScoped>(); var transient1 = p.GetService<IOperationTransient>(); var singleton1 = p.GetService<IOperationSingleton>(); var scopeobj2 = p.GetService<IOperationScoped>(); var transient2 = p.GetService<IOperationTransient>(); var singleton2 = p.GetService<IOperationSingleton>(); Console.WriteLine( $"scope1: { scopeobj1.OperationId }," + $"transient1: {transient1.OperationId}, " + $"singleton1: {singleton1.OperationId}"); Console.WriteLine($"scope2: { scopeobj2.OperationId }, " + $"transient2: {transient2.OperationId}, " + $"singleton2: {singleton2.OperationId}"); }
接下來ide
scope1: 200d1e63-d024-4cd3-88c9-35fdf5c00956, transient1: fb35f570-713e-43fc-854c-972eed2fae52, singleton1: da6cf60f-670a-4a86-8fd6-01b635f74225 scope2: 200d1e63-d024-4cd3-88c9-35fdf5c00956, transient2: 2766a1ee-766f-4116-8a48-3e569de54259, singleton2: da6cf60f-670a-4a86-8fd6-01b635f74225
若是再建立一個新的Scope運行,函數
scope1: 29f127a7-baf5-4ab0-b264-fcced11d0729, transient1: 035d8bfc-c516-44a7-94a5-3720bd39ce57, singleton1: da6cf60f-670a-4a86-8fd6-01b635f74225 scope2: 29f127a7-baf5-4ab0-b264-fcced11d0729, transient2: 74c37151-6497-4223-b558-a4ffc1897d57, singleton2: da6cf60f-670a-4a86-8fd6-01b635f74225
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddTransient<ILoginService<ApplicationUser>, EFLoginService>(); services.AddMvc(); )
ASP.NET Core的一些組件已經提供了一些實例的綁定,像AddMvc就是Mvc Middleware在 IServiceCollection上添加的擴展方法。
public static IMvcBuilder AddMvc(this IServiceCollection services) { if (services == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(services)); } var builder = services.AddMvcCore(); builder.AddApiExplorer(); builder.AddAuthorization(); AddDefaultFrameworkParts(builder.PartManager); ... }
private ILoginService<ApplicationUser> _loginService; public AccountController( ILoginService<ApplicationUser> loginService) { _loginService = loginService; }
咱們只要在控制器的構造函數裏面寫了這個參數,ServiceProvider就會幫咱們注入進來。這一步是在Mvc初始化控制器的時候完成的,咱們後面再介紹到Mvc的時候會往細裏講。
@using MilkStone.Services;
@model MilkStone.Models.AccountViewModel.LoginViewModel
@inject ILoginService<ApplicationUser> loginService <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head></head> <body> @loginService.GetUserName() </body> </html>
HttpContext.RequestServices.GetService<ILoginService<ApplicationUser>>();
builder.RegisterGeneric(typeof(LoggingBehavior<,>)).As(typeof(IPipelineBehavior<,>)); builder.RegisterGeneric(typeof(ValidatorBehavior<,>)).As(typeof(IPipelineBehavior<,>));
這會給咱們的初始化帶來一些便利性,咱們來看看如何替換Autofac到ASP.NET Core。咱們只須要把Startup類裏面的 ConfigureService的 返回值從 void改成 IServiceProvider便可。而返回的則是一個AutoServiceProvider。
public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices( IServiceCollection services){ services.AddMvc(); // Add other framework services // Add Autofac var containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder(); containerBuilder.RegisterModule<DefaultModule>(); containerBuilder.Populate(services); var container = containerBuilder.Build(); return new AutofacServiceProvider(container); }