前端每日實戰:143# 視頻演示如何用 CSS 的 Grid 佈局創做一枚小松鼠郵票

圖片描述

效果預覽

按下右側的「點擊預覽」按鈕能夠在當前頁面預覽,點擊連接能夠全屏預覽。css

https://codepen.io/comehope/pen/YOoXpvhtml

可交互視頻

此視頻是能夠交互的,你能夠隨時暫停視頻,編輯視頻中的代碼。前端

請用 chrome, safari, edge 打開觀看。git

https://scrimba.com/p/pEgDAM/c7KdMt8github

源代碼下載

每日前端實戰系列的所有源代碼請從 github 下載:chrome

https://github.com/comehope/front-end-daily-challengesdom

代碼解讀

定義 dom,容器表示郵票:佈局

<div class="stamp">
</div>

居中顯示:flex

body {
    margin: 0;
    height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background-color: teal;
}

設置容器尺寸:ui

.stamp {
    position: relative;
    width: 45em;
    height: 63em;
    font-size: 6px;
    padding: 5em;
    background-color: white;
}

用重複背景繪製出郵票的齒孔:

.stamp {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.stamp::after,
.stamp::before {
    content: '';
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    position: absolute;
    background: 
        radial-gradient(circle, teal 50%, transparent 50%),
        radial-gradient(circle, teal 50%, transparent 50%);
    background-size: 3.5em 3.5em;
}

.stamp::before {
    top: 1.5em;
    background-repeat: repeat-y;
    background-position: -4% 0, 104% 0;
}

.stamp::after {
    left: 1.5em;
    background-repeat: repeat-x;
    background-position: 0 -3%, 0 103%;
}

在 html 文件中增長小雞的 dom 元素,子元素分別表示耳朵、頭部、身體、尾巴下部、尾巴上部、腿、爪子:

<div class="stamp">
    <div class="squirrel">
        <div class="ear"></div>
        <div class="head"></div>
        <div class="body"></div>
        <div class="tail-start"></div>
        <div class="tail-end"></div>
        <div class="leg"></div>
        <div class="foot"></div>
    </div>
</div>

設置 grid 佈局的行列尺寸:

.squirrel {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 11.5em 7em 15.5em 10.5em;
    grid-template-rows: 13em 5em 11.5em 22.5em;
    background-color: silver;
    padding: 2em;
    margin-top: -2em;
}

畫出扇形的頭部:

.head {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 3;
    background-color: chocolate;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 100%;
}

用徑向漸變畫出眼睛:

.head {
    background-image: radial-gradient(
        circle at 58% 22%,
        black 1.4em,
        transparent 1.4em
    );
}

畫出扇形的耳朵:

.ear {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 2;
    width: 5em;
    background-color: bisque;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 100%;
}

畫出扇形的身體:

.body {
    grid-column: 2 / 4;
    grid-row: 4;
    background-color: chocolate;
    border-top-right-radius: 100%;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

用僞元素,經過陰影畫出蜷曲的腿:

.body::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    width: 100%;
    height: 50%;
    box-shadow: 2em -2em 4em rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    bottom: 0;
    --w: calc((7em + 15.5em) / 2);
    border-top-left-radius: var(--w);
    border-top-right-radius: var(--w);
}

畫出半圓形的小爪子:

.foot {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 4;
    height: 4em;
    width: 8em;
    background-color: saddlebrown;
    justify-self: end;
    align-self: end;
    border-radius: 4em 4em 0 0;
    filter: brightness(0.8);
}

畫出半圓形的尾巴下部:

.tail-start {
    grid-column: 4;
    grid-row: 4;
    --h: calc(22.5em - 1.5em);
    height: var(--h);
    background-color: bisque;
    align-self: end;
    border-radius: 0 var(--h) var(--h) 0;
}

畫出半圓形的尾巴上部:

.tail-end {
    grid-column: 3;
    grid-row: 1 / 5;
    --h: calc(13em + 5em + 11.5em + 1.5em);
    height: var(--h);
    background-color: chocolate;
    border-radius: var(--h) 0 0 var(--h);
}

在 dom 中再增長一些文本,包括標題、做者和麪值:

<div class="stamp">
    <div class="puppy">
        <!-- 略 -->
    </div>
    <p class="text">
        <span class="title">Squirrel</span>
        <span class="author">comehope</span>
        <span class="face-value">200</span>
    </p>
</div>

設置標題的文字樣式:

.text {
    position: relative;
    width: calc(100% + 2em * 2);
    height: 6em;
    font-family: sans-serif;
}

.text .title {
    position: absolute;
    font-size: 6em;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: darkslategray;
}

設置做者的文字樣式:

.text .author {
    position: absolute;
    font-size: 3em;
    bottom: -1.2em;
    color: dimgray;
}

設置面值的文字樣式:

.text .face-value {
    position: absolute;
    font-size: 14em;
    right: 0;
    line-height: 0.9em;
    color: darkcyan;
}

大功告成!

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