CDH6.1.1阿里雲安裝實踐

概念介紹

CDH概覽

CDH是Apache Hadoop和相關項目的最完整、最受測試和最流行的發行版。CDH提供Hadoop的核心元素-可伸縮存儲和分佈式計算-以及基於web的用戶界面和重要的企業功能。CDH是Apache許可的開放源碼,是惟一提供統一批處理、交互式SQL和交互式搜索以及基於角色的訪問控制的Hadoop解決方案。html

CDH 提供如下特性:java

  • 靈活性:存儲任何類型的數據並使用各類不一樣的計算框架進行操做,包括批處理、交互式SQL、免費文本搜索、機器學習和統計計算。
  • 集成:在一個完整的Hadoop平臺上快速啓動和運行,該平臺與普遍的硬件和軟件解決方案一塊兒工做。
  • 安全:處理和控制敏感數據。
  • 可伸縮性:啓用普遍的應用程序和規模,並擴展它們以知足您的需求。
  • 高可用性:滿懷信心地執行任務關鍵的業務任務。
  • 兼容性:利用您現有的IT基礎設施和投資。

CDH Cloudera Manager 概覽

Cloudera Manager 是用於管理cdh集羣的端到端應用程序。Cloudera Manager經過向CDH集羣的每一個部分提供細粒度的可見性並對其進行控制來設置企業部署標準-受權運營商提升性能、提升服務質量、提升聽從性和下降管理成本。使用Cloudera Manager,您能夠輕鬆地部署和集中操做完整的CDH堆棧和其餘託管服務。應用程序自動化安裝過程,將部署時間從數週減小到分鐘;爲您提供在集羣範圍內運行主機和服務的實時視圖;提供一個單一的中央控制檯來執行整個集羣的配置更改;並集成各類報告和診斷工具,以幫助您進行操做node

環境準備

前要

搭建方式的比較python

方式 費用成本 時間成本 難易度 適宜場景
本身購買機器搭建 短時間投入高 須要本身掌握虛機和大數據組件的搭建細節,比較複雜 1.我的技術學習2.大公司構建本身的大數據集羣
基於雲服務器搭建 較高 較高 同上 中小型的大數據服務
使用阿里雲E-MapReduce 可按小時付費,成本可控 環境由EMR搭建,使用便可 短時間、靈活的大數據服務

軟件版本選擇

類目 版本 下載地址
操做系統 CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 阿里雲服務器
數據庫 mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 官網下載
JDK jjdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz Oracle 官網下載
Cloudera Manager Cloudera Manager 6.1.1 官方倉庫
CDH CDH 6.1.1 使用parcels安裝

節點準備

三臺8G+的主機mysql

名稱 CM管理軟件
cdh-master Cloudera Manager Server&Agent 、Mysql
cdh-slave001 Cloudera Manager Agent
cdh-slave002 Cloudera Manager Agent

安裝前配置

配置主機名和hosts解析

全部節點都須要配置 vim /etc/hostslinux

172.26.86.11 cdh-master
172.26.86.12 cdh-slave001
172.26.86.10 cdh-slave002

配置免密登陸

  1. 在master主機上生成密鑰對:
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
  1. 將master主機的公鑰文件id_rsa.pub遠程複製到cdh00二、cdh003主機上。並放置/home/root/.ssh/authorized_keysweb

    /root/.ssh>scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@cdh-slave001:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
    
    /root/.ssh>scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@cdh-slave002:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
  2. 全部主機都賦權600sql

chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keysshell

安裝NTP

全部節點數據庫

yum install ntp -y
# 開機啓動
chkconfig ntpd on
# 啓動ntp
service ntpd start

修改文件打開限制

echo "* soft nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf 
echo "* hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf 
echo "* soft memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf 
echo "* hard memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

設置swap空間

全部節點

echo "vm.swappiness = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

關閉大頁面緩存

全部節點

echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

關閉防火牆

全部節點

systemctl stop firewalld.service
 systemctl disable firewalld.service

JDK安裝

能夠選擇CM管理頁面進行jdk安裝,但在以前須要安裝一個

wget http://blog-jupiter.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/java
tar -zxvf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java/jdk1.8

vim /etc/profile

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH

source /etc/profile

Mysql安裝

這裏也能夠選擇mariadb,可是我安裝mariadb後,啓動服務建表步驟時,始終報用戶名或密碼錯誤

# 檢查系統是否存在mariadb
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
# 強制刪除
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
# 解壓
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql/data
# 增長mysql用戶和組
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql 
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

port=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

pid-file=/tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid

character-set-server=utf8

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

安裝命令

touch /tmp/mysql.sock
chown mysql:mysql /tmp/mysql.sock
chmod 755 /tmp/mysql.sock

mkdir -p /tmp/mysqld
touch /tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid
chown -R mysql:mysql /tmp/mysqld
chmod 755 /tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid

mkdir -p /var/log/
touch /var/log/mysqld.log
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/
chmod 755 /var/log/mysqld.log 

yum install -y libaio
 
# 初始化
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

# 安全啓動
./mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

# 查看密碼
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
My!U5LUWhjk3

# 登陸mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysql -u root -p
mysql> set password=password("root");
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;

# 開機服務啓動設置
cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql

# 建立快捷方式
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

JDBC驅動安裝

下載mysql-connector-java.jar,並保存到全部主機的/usr/share/java目錄下

wget http://central.maven.org/maven2/mysql/mysql-connector-java/5.1.47/mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar
mv mysql-connector-java-5.1.47.jar mysql-connector-java.jar
mkdir  /usr/share/java
cp mysql-connector-java.jar /usr/share/java/

scp mysql-connector-java.jar  root@cdh-slave001:/usr/share/java/
scp mysql-connector-java.jar  root@cdh-slave002:/usr/share/java/

依賴包下載

yum -y install chkconfig  bind-utils psmisc libxslt zlib sqlite cyrus-sasl-plain cyrus-sasl-gssapi fuse portmap fuse-libs redhat-lsb

安裝

RHEL compatible

## wget <repo_file_url> -P /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget https://archive.cloudera.com/cm6/6.1.1/redhat7/yum/cloudera-manager.repo -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ 
rpm --import https://archive.cloudera.com/cm6/6.1.1/redhat7/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-cloudera

master節點安裝

安裝 CM Server 和 Agent

yum install cloudera-manager-daemons cloudera-manager-agent cloudera-manager-server

sudo systemctl enable cloudera-scm-agent
sudo systemctl enable cloudera-scm-server

systemctl start cloudera-scm-server
systemctl start cloudera-scm-agent

數據節點安裝

安裝 CM Agent

yum install cloudera-manager-daemons cloudera-manager-agent

sudo systemctl enable cloudera-scm-agent

systemctl start cloudera-scm-agent

建表

須要建立scm、hue、hive,官網推薦建表以下

create database scm default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
grant all privileges on *.* to 'scm'@'%' identified by 'scm' with grant option ;
create database amon default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
grant all privileges on amon.* to 'amon'@'%' identified by 'amon' with grant option;
create database rman default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
grant all privileges on rman.* to 'rman'@'%' identified by 'rman' with grant option;
create database hue default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
grant all privileges on *.* to 'hue'@'%' identified by 'hue' with grant option;
create database metastore default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
grant all privileges on *.* to 'hive'@'%' identified by 'hive' with grant option;
create database sentry default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
grant all privileges on sentry.* to 'sentry'@'%' identified by 'sentry' with grant option;
create database nav default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
grant all privileges on nav.* to 'nav'@'%' identified by 'nav' with grant option;
create database oozie default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;
grant all privileges on oozie.* to 'oozie'@'%' identified by 'oozie' with grant option;

檢測服務鏈接

/opt/cloudera/cm/schema/scm_prepare_database.sh mysql scm scm scm

經常使用命令

tail -f /var/log/cloudera-scm-server/cloudera-scm-server.log
vim /etc/cloudera-scm-agent/config.ini

Question

磁盤塊不足

  1. 將負責因子從3修改成2

2.運行以下命令

sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -setrep -R 2 /

Hue不能鏈接數據庫

hue鏈接數據庫時使用python鏈接

yum install -y python-lxml

HDFS啓動報錯: Canary 測試沒法在目錄

sudo -u

sudo -u hdfs hdfs dfsadmin -safemode leave

CDH中yarn的JobHistory Server角色運行情況異常

YarnRuntimeException: Error creating done directory: [hdfs://cdh001:8020/user/history/done

su hdfs後

hdfs dfs -chmod  777 /user
hadoop fs -chmod -R 777 /tmp/

啓動server端口起不來

chmod 777 -R /var/log

運行spark shell沒法啓動,無權限問題

su hdfs後

sudo -u hdfs hdfs dfs -chmod  777 /user

sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -chmod -R 777 /tmp
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