12 django_ajax

時間 2019-11-17

標籤 django ajax 欄目 Python 简体版

原文原文鏈接

django_ajax

AJAX（Asynchronous Javascript And XML）「異步Javascript和XML」。即便用Javascript語言與服務器進行異步交互，傳輸的數據爲XML（如今更多使用json數據）。javascript

同步交互：客戶端發出一個請求後，須要等待服務器響應結束後，才能發出第二個請求；
異步交互：客戶端發出一個請求後，無需等待服務器響應結束，就能夠發出第二個請求。

AJAX除了異步的特色外，還有一個就是：瀏覽器頁面局部刷新；（這一特色給用戶的感覺是在不知不覺中完成請求和響應過程）css

優勢：

AJAX使用Javascript技術向服務器發送異步請求
AJAX無須刷新整個頁面

ajax項目：html

1.用戶進入首頁，能夠點擊註冊和登陸前端

2.註冊頁，當輸入框失去焦點的時候校驗輸入的用戶名或者手機號存在，存在的話，給出相應提示vue

3.註冊，失敗給出相應提示，成功後臺將用戶數據寫入數據庫，前端跳轉至首頁java

4.登陸，登陸失敗給出相應提示，成功後跳轉至首頁python

5.實現文件的上傳mysql

HTML代碼

 1 <div class="action">
 2     <div class="panel panel-danger">
 3         <div class="panel-heading">2019進擊的菜鳥</div>
 4         <div class="panel-body">
 5             web框架開發
 6         </div>
 7         <div class="panel-body">
 8             crm&爬蟲
 9         </div>
10         <div class="panel-body">
11             算法&設計模式&企業應用
12         </div>
13         <div class="panel-body">
14             vue項目
15         </div>
16         <div class="panel-body">
17             複習python&自動化&性能
18         </div>
19     </div>
20     <div class="panel panel-warning">
21         <div class="panel-heading">2020進擊的小鳥</div>
22         <div class="panel-body">
23             fighting!
24         </div>
25     </div>
26     <div class="panel panel-success">
27         <div class="panel-heading">2021進擊的大鳥</div>
28         <div class="panel-body">
29             go on !
30         </div>
31     </div>
32 </div>

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/templates/advertise.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    {% block title %}
        <title>base——title</title>
    {% endblock title %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
    {% block style %}
        <style type="text/css">
        *{
            padding: 0;
            margin:0;
        }
        .header{
            width:100%;
            height: 50px;
            background-color: #369;
        }
        body{
            background:#FFF url('/static/base.jpg') repeat-x 0;
            background-attachment: fixed;
        }
    </style>
    {% endblock style %}

</head>
<body>

<div class="header"></div>

<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-3">
            {% include 'advertise.html' %}
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-6">
            {% block content%}
            <h3>base_content</h3>
            {% endblock %}
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
{% block js %}
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
{% endblock js %}
</html>

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/templates/base.html

 1 {% extends 'base.html' %}
 2 
 3 
 4 {% block title %}
 5     <title>index</title>
 6 {% endblock title %}
 7 
 8 {% block style %}
 9     {{ block.super }}
10     <style>
11         img{
12             margin: 20px auto;
13         }
14         .btn{
15             margin-right: 20px;
16         }
17     </style>
18 {% endblock style %}
19 
20 {% block content %}
21     <h3>歡迎進入首頁  {{ word }}</h3>
22 <a href="/app01/regist" class="btn btn-info">註冊</a>
23 <a href="/app01/login" class="btn btn-info">登錄</a>
24 <form action="">
25     <img src="/static/index.jpg">
26 </form>
27 {% endblock content %}

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/templates/index.html

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/templates/login.htmljquery

 1 {% extends 'base.html' %}
 2 
 3 
 4 {% block title %}
 5     <title>index</title>
 6 {% endblock title %}
 7 
 8 {% block style %}
 9     {{ block.super }}
10     <style>
11         .regist {
12             margin: 20px auto;
13         }
14         .res {
15             margin: 20px auto;
16             font-size: 18px;
17             color: red;
18         }
19     </style>
20 {% endblock style %}
21 
22 {% block content %}
23     <h3>登錄頁面</h3>
24     <hr>
25     <div class="regist">
26         <form>
27             <div class="form-group">
28                 <label for="">用戶名</label>
29                 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="Name">
30             </div>
31             <div class="form-group">
32                 <label for="">密碼</label>
33                 <input type="password" class="form-control" id="pwd" placeholder="Password">
34             </div>
35             <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success" id="btn">登錄</button>
36             <p class="res"></p>
37         </form>
38     </div>
39 {% endblock content %}
40 
41 {% block js %}
42     {{ block.super }}
43     <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/login.js"></script>
44 {% endblock js %}

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/templates/regist.htmlweb

 1 {% extends 'base.html' %}
 2 
 3 
 4 {% block title %}
 5     <title>index</title>
 6 {% endblock title %}
 7 
 8 {% block style %}
 9     {{ block.super }}
10     <style>
11         .regist {
12             margin: 20px auto;
13         }
14     .res{
15         margin: 20px auto;
16         font-size: 18px;
17     }
18     .success{
19         color:green;
20     }
21     .error{
22         color: red;
23     }
24     .check{
25         color: red;
26         float: right;
27     }
28     </style>
29 {% endblock style %}
30 
31 {% block content %}
32     <h3>註冊頁面</h3>
33     <hr>
34     <div class="regist">
35         <form>
36             <div class="form-group">
37                 <label for="">用戶名</label>
38                 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="Name">
39                 <span class="check"></span>
40             </div>
41             <div class="form-group">
42                 <label for="">暱稱</label>
43                 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="nickname" placeholder="Nickname">
44                 <span class="check"></span>
45             </div>
46             <div class="form-group">
47                 <label for="">手機號</label>
48                 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="phone" placeholder="Phone_no">
49                 <span class="check"></span>
50             </div>
51             <div class="form-group">
52                 <label for="">密碼</label>
53                 <input type="password" class="form-control" id="pwd" placeholder="Password">
54             </div>
55             <div class="form-group">
56                 <label for="">確認密碼</label>
57                 <input type="password" class="form-control" id="confirm_pwd" placeholder="ConfirmPassword">
58             </div>
59             <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success" id="btn">註冊</button>
60             <p class="res"></p>
61         </form>
62     </div>
63 {% endblock content %}
64 
65 {% block js %}
66     {{ block.super }}
67     <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/regist.js"></script>
68 {% endblock js %}

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/templates/file.html

 1 {% extends 'base.html' %}
 2 
 3 
 4 {% block title %}
 5     <title>文件</title>
 6 {% endblock title %}
 7 
 8 {% block style %}
 9     {{ block.super }}
10     <style>
11         .file{
12             margin:20px auto;
13         }
14     </style>
15 {% endblock style %}
16 
17 
18 {% block content %}
19     <div class="file">
20         {#    默認是form表單類型  enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"  傳參爲 a=1&b=2&c=3 #}
21         {#    上傳文件必需要指定類型  enctype="multipart/form-data"  不然不會上傳文件，ajax沒有這個限制  #}
22         <form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
23             <div class="form-group">
24                 <label for="">用戶名</label>
25                 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="fileform" placeholder="Name" name="name">
26             </div>
27             <div class="form-group">
28                 <label for="">form表單傳頭像</label>
29                 <input type="file" id="form_file" name="imgfile">
30             </div>
31             <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success" id="form_btn">提交</button>
32         </form>
33     </div>
34     <hr>
35     <div class="file">
36         <form action="" >
37             <div class="form-group">
38                 <label for="">用戶名</label>
39                 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="fileajax" placeholder="Name">
40             </div>
41             <div class="form-group">
42                 <label for="">ajax傳頭像</label>
43                 <input type="file" id="ajax_file">
44             </div>
45             <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success" id="ajax_btn">提交</button>
46         </form>
47     </div>
48 {% endblock content %}
49 
50 {% block js %}
51     {{ block.super }}
52     <script src="/static/file.js"></script>
53 {% endblock js %}

JS代碼

jquery自行下載

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/statics/login.js

 1 $(function () {
 2     $('#btn').click(function (e) {
 3         e.preventDefault();
 4         // var formdata = new FormData();  表單數據不能夠用 FormData  文件才能夠
 5         var data = {};
 6         data.name = $('#name').val().trim();
 7         data.pwd = $('#pwd').val().trim();
 8         if (data.name && data.pwd) {
 9             $.ajax({
10                 url: '',
11                 type: 'post',
12                 data: data,  // ajax默認application/x-www-form-urlencoded格式
13                 success: function (data) {
14                     data = JSON.parse(data);
15                     if (data.user) {
16                         location.href = '/app01/index'
17                     } else {
18                         $('.res').html(data.msg)
19                     }
20                 }
21             })
22         } else {
23             alert("用戶名或密碼不能爲空！")
24         }
25     })
26 
27 });

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/statics/regist.js

 1 $(function () {
 2     // 鼠標失去焦點校驗字符是否已存在
 3     check_obj = $('input[type="text"]');
 4     for (var i = 0; i < check_obj.length; i++) {
 5         $(check_obj[i]).focus(function () {
 6             $(this).next().text('');
 7         });
 8         $(check_obj[i]).blur(function () {
 9             data_dic = {};
10             data_dic.type = this.id;
11             data_dic.value = this.value;
12             $.ajax({
13                 url: '/app01/check/',
14                 type: 'post',
15                 contentType:"application/json",
16                 data: JSON.stringify(data_dic),
17                 success: function (data) {
18                     var data_json = JSON.parse(data);
19                     console.log(data_json);
20                     if (data_json['code'] !== '000000') {
21                         type_id = '#' + data_dic.type;
22                         $(type_id).next().html(data_json['msg']);
23                         console.log(data_json);
24                     }
25                 },
26                 error: function (err) {
27                     console.log(err)
28                 }
29             })
30         });
31     }
32 
33     // 註冊邏輯
34     $('#btn').click(function (e) {
35         e.preventDefault();
36         name = $('#name').val().trim();
37         nickname = $('#nickname').val().trim();
38         phone = $('#phone').val().trim();
39         pwd = $('#pwd').val().trim();
40         confirm_pwd = $('#confirm_pwd').val().trim();
41         if (name && pwd && confirm_pwd && pwd === confirm_pwd) {
42             var mydata = {};
43             mydata.name = name;
44             mydata.nickname = nickname;
45             mydata.phone = phone;
46             mydata.pwd = pwd;
47             mydata.confirm_pwd = confirm_pwd;
48             $.ajax({
49                 url: '',
50                 type: 'post',
51                 data: mydata,
52                 success: function (data) {
53                     var data_json = JSON.parse(data);
54                     if (data_json['code'] === '000000') {
55                         $('.res').addClass('success').html(data_json['msg']);
56                         location.href = '/app01/index'
57                     } else {
58                         $('.res').addClass('error').html(data_json['msg'])
59                     }
60                 },
61                 error: function (err) {
62                     console.log(err)
63                 }
64             })
65         } else {
66             alert('用戶名和密碼不能爲空,且密碼與確認密碼一致！')
67         }
68     });
69 });

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/statics/file.js

 1 $('#ajax_btn').click(function (e) {
 2     e.preventDefault();
 3     // 同form表單文件請求同樣，原默認的 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 類型不支持文件上傳，須要轉換請求參數類型
 4     // 文件必需要以 FormData 數據類型傳遞
 5     var formdata = new FormData();
 6     formdata.append('name', $('#fileajax').val());
 7     formdata.append('imgfile', $('#ajax_file')[0].files[0]);
 8     $.ajax({
 9         url: '',
10         type: 'post',
11         data: formdata,
12         // 傳FormData時 必須設置下面兩個參數，不給參數，會報錯(js非法輸入)
13         processData: false,    // 不處理數據，讓FormData本身去處理數據
14         contentType: false,    // 不設置內容類型，讓FormData本身設置內容類型
15         success: function (data) {
16             console.log(data)
17         }
18     })
19 });

應用app代碼

from django.urls import path, re_path
from ajax_app01 import views


urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.index),
    path('login/', views.login),
    path('regist/', views.regist),
    path('check/', views.check),
    path('file/', views.file),
]

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/ajax_app01/urls.py

 1 from django.db import models
 2 
 3 # Create your models here.
 4 
 5 
 6 class UserDetail(models.Model):
 7     id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
 8     nickname = models.CharField(max_length=32)
 9     phone = models.BigIntegerField(null=True)
10     age = models.BigIntegerField(null=True)
11     address = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True)
12     dep = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True)
13 
14 
15 class UserInfo(models.Model):
16     id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
17     name = models.CharField(max_length=16)
18     password = models.CharField(max_length=16)
19     user_detail = models.OneToOneField(to=UserDetail, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/ajax_app01/models.py

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/ajax_app01/views.py

 1 from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
 2 from ajax_app01.models import *
 3 from django.db.models import Q
 4 import json
 5 
 6 # Create your views here.
 7 
 8 
 9 def regist(request):
10     method = request.method
11     if method == 'POST':
12         name = request.POST.get('name')
13         pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
14         nickname = request.POST.get('nickname')
15         phone = request.POST.get('phone')
16         select_res = UserInfo.objects.filter(Q(name=name)|Q(user_detail__nickname=nickname)).exists()
17         res = {"code":None,"msg":None}
18         if select_res:
19             res["code"]="100000"
20             res["msg"]="用戶已存在!"
21         else:
22             detail = UserDetail.objects.create(nickname=nickname, phone=phone)
23             UserInfo.objects.create(name=name, password=pwd, user_detail=detail)
24             res["code"] = "000000"
25             res["msg"] = "註冊成功!"
26         return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res))
27     else:
28         return render(request, 'regist.html')
29 
30 
31 def index(request):
32     return render(request, 'index.html')
33 
34 
35 def login(request):
36     if request.method == 'POST':
37         name = request.POST.get('name')
38         pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
39         select_res = UserInfo.objects.filter(name=name,password=pwd).exists()
40         res = {"user":None,"msg":None}
41         if select_res:
42             res["user"] = name
43         else:
44             res["msg"] = "用戶名或密碼錯誤！"
45         return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res))
46     return render(request, 'login.html')
47 
48 
49 def check(request):
50     method = request.method
51     if method == 'POST':
52         dic = {'name':'用戶名','nickname':'用戶暱稱','phone':'手機號'}
53         print(request.body)  # 原始的請求體數據  無論啥類型的請求數據都取的到
54         print(request.POST)  # POST請求數據  if contentType==urlencoded ,request.POST纔有數據
55         req_data = json.loads(request.body.decode('utf8'))
56         type = req_data['type']
57         value = req_data['value']
58         if type == 'name':
59             res = UserInfo.objects.filter(name=value).exists()
60         elif type == 'nickname':
61             res = UserInfo.objects.filter(user_detail__nickname=value).exists()
62         else:
63             res = UserInfo.objects.filter(user_detail__phone=value).exists()
64         if res:
65             return HttpResponse('{"code":"100000","msg":"%s已存在！"}'%dic[type])
66         else:
67             return HttpResponse('{"code":"000000","msg":"校驗成功！"}')
68     else:
69         return render(request, 'index.html')
70 
71 
72 def file(request):
73     import os
74     from ajax.settings import STATICFILES_DIRS
75     if request.method == 'POST':
76         if request.is_ajax():
77             print('--------------------------ajax--------------------------')
78             print(request.body)  # 原始的請求體數據
79             print(request.GET)  # GET請求數據
80             print(request.POST)  # POST請求數據  if contentType==urlencoded ,request.POST纔有數據
81             print(request.FILES)  # 上傳的文件數據
82             file_obj = request.FILES.get('imgfile')
83             with open(os.path.join(STATICFILES_DIRS[0],file_obj.name), 'wb') as f:
84                 for line in file_obj:
85                     f.write(line)
86         else:
87             print('--------------------------form--------------------------')
88             print(request.body)  # 原始的請求體數據
89             print(request.GET)  # GET請求數據
90             print(request.POST)  # POST請求數據  if contentType==urlencoded ,request.POST纔有數據
91             print(request.FILES)  # 上傳的文件數據
92             file_obj = request.FILES.get('imgfile')
93             with open(os.path.join(STATICFILES_DIRS[0],file_obj.name), 'wb') as f:
94                 for line in file_obj:
95                     f.write(line)
96         return HttpResponse('OJBK!')
97     return render(request, 'file.html')

項目代碼

"""
Django settings for ajax project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.2.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '#2jnwyw8s+e-va299kxg7iv#+7weu#d(@i610-f5cxrvqmx%&e'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'ajax_app01',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'ajax.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'ajax.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases

# DATABASES = {
#     'default': {
#         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
#         'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
#     }
# }


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'statics')
]

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME':'ajax',# 要鏈接的數據庫，鏈接前須要建立好
        'USER':'root',# 鏈接數據庫的用戶名
        'PASSWORD':'root',# 鏈接數據庫的密碼
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',# 鏈接主機，默認本級
        'PORT':3306 #  端口 默認3306
    }
}

LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'console':{
            'level':'DEBUG',
            'class':'logging.StreamHandler',
        },
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django.db.backends': {
            'handlers': ['console'],
            'propagate': True,
            'level':'DEBUG',
        },
    }
}

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/ajax/settings.py

 1 """ajax URL Configuration
 2 
 3 The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
 4     https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/http/urls/
 5 Examples:
 6 Function views
 7     1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
 8     2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
 9 Class-based views
10     1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
11     2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
12 Including another URLconf
13     1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
14     2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
15 """
16 from django.contrib import admin
17 from django.urls import path, re_path, include
18 
19 urlpatterns = [
20     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
21     re_path(r'^app01/', include(('ajax_app01.urls','ajax_app01'))),
22 ]

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/ajax/urls.py

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

module6/07 django與ajax/ajax/ajax/__init__.py

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