iOS藍牙中的進制轉換

Bluetooth4.0.jpg
最近在忙一個藍牙項目,在處理藍牙數據的時候,常常遇到進制之間的轉換,藍牙處理的是16進制(NSData),而咱們習慣的計數方式是10進制,爲了節省空間,藍牙也會把16進制(NSData)拆成2進制記錄。這裏咱們研究下如何在他們之間進行轉換。

假設咱們要向藍牙發送0x1B9901這條數據html

Byte轉NSData

Byte value[3]={0};
value[0]=0x1B;
value[1]=0x99;
value[2]=0x01;
NSData * data = [NSData dataWithBytes:&value length:sizeof(value)];
//發送數據
[self.peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.write type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse];
複製代碼
  • 優勢:這種方法比較簡單,沒有進行轉換,直接一個字節一個字節的拼裝好發送出去。git

  • 缺點:當發送數據比較長時會很麻煩,並且不易更改。github

NSString轉NSData

- (NSData *)hexToBytes:(NSString *)str{
    NSMutableData* data = [NSMutableData data];
    int idx;
    for (idx = 0; idx+2 <= str.length; idx+=2) {
        NSRange range = NSMakeRange(idx, 2);
        NSString* hexStr = [str substringWithRange:range];
        NSScanner* scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:hexStr];
        unsigned int intValue;
        [scanner scanHexInt:&intValue];
        [data appendBytes:&intValue length:1];
    }
    return data;
}
//發送數據
[self.peripheral writeValue:[self hexToBytes:@"1B9901"] forCharacteristic:self.write type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse];
複製代碼
  • 優勢:比較直觀,能夠一次轉換一長條數據,對於一些功能簡單的藍牙程序,這種轉換能處理大部分狀況。
  • 缺點:只能發送一些固定的指令,不能參與計算。

求校驗和

接下來探討下發送的數據須要計算的狀況。 最經常使用的發送數據須要計算的場景是求__校驗和(CHECKSUM)__。這個根據硬件廠商來定,常見的求校驗和的規則有:objective-c

  • 若是發送數據長度爲n字節,則CHECKSUM爲前n-1字節之和的低字節
  • CHECKSUM=0x100-CHECKSUM(上一步的校驗和)

若是我要發送帶上校驗和的0x1B9901,方法就是:app

- (NSData *)getCheckSum:(NSString *)byteStr{
    int length = (int)byteStr.length/2;
    NSData *data = [self hexToBytes:byteStr];
    Byte *bytes = (unsigned char *)[data bytes];
    Byte sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i<length; i++) {
        sum += bytes[i];
    }
    int sumT = sum;
    int at = 256 - sumT;

    printf("校驗和:%d\n",at);
    if (at == 256) {
        at = 0;
    }
    NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",byteStr,[self ToHex:at]];
    return [self hexToBytes:str];
}

//將十進制轉化爲十六進制
- (NSString *)ToHex:(int)tmpid{
    NSString *nLetterValue;
    NSString *str =@"";
    int ttmpig;
    for (int i = 0; i<9; i++) {
        ttmpig=tmpid%16;
        tmpid=tmpid/16;
        switch (ttmpig){
            case 10:
                nLetterValue =@"A";break;
            case 11:
                nLetterValue =@"B";break;
            case 12:
                nLetterValue =@"C";break;
            case 13:
                nLetterValue =@"D";break;
            case 14:
                nLetterValue =@"E";break;
            case 15:
                nLetterValue =@"F";break;
            default:
                nLetterValue = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%u",ttmpig];
        }
        str = [nLetterValue stringByAppendingString:str];
        if (tmpid == 0) {
            break;
        }
    }
    //不夠一個字節湊0
    if(str.length == 1){
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"0%@",str];
    }else{
        return str;
    }
}
//發送數據
NSData *data = [self getCheckSum:@"1B9901"];//data=<1b99014b>
[self.peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.write type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse];
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拆分數據

這種是比較麻煩的,舉個栗子:在傳輸某條信息時,我想把時間放進去,不能用時間戳,還要節省空間,這樣就出現了一種新的方式存儲時間。 這裏再補充一些C語言知識:框架

  • 一個字節8位(bit)
  • char 1字節 int 4字節 unsigned 2字節 float 4字節

存儲時間的條件是:函數

  • 只用四個字節(32位)
  • 前5位表示年(從2000年算起),接着4位表示月,接着5位表示日,接着5位表示時,接着6位表示分,接着3位表示星期,剩餘4位保留。

這樣直觀的解決辦法就是分別取出如今時間的年月日時分星期,先轉成2進制,再轉成16進制發出去。固然你這麼寫進去,讀的時候就要把16進制數據先轉成2進制再轉成10進制顯示。咱們就按這個簡單粗暴的思路來,準備工做以下:ui

10進制轉2進制

//十進制轉二進制
- (NSString *)toBinarySystemWithDecimalSystem:(int)num length:(int)length
    {
    int remainder = 0; //餘數
    int divisor = 0; //除數

    NSString * prepare = @"";

    while (true){
        remainder = num%2;
        divisor = num/2;
        num = divisor;
        prepare = [prepare stringByAppendingFormat:@"%d",remainder];
        if (divisor == 0){
            break;
        }
    }
    //倒序輸出
    NSString * result = @"";
    for (int i = length -1; i >= 0; i --){
        if (i <= prepare.length - 1) {
            result = [result stringByAppendingFormat:@"%@", [prepare substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i , 1)]];
        }else{
            result = [result stringByAppendingString:@"0"];
        }
    }
    return result;
}
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2進制轉10進制

// 二進制轉十進制
- (NSString *)toDecimalWithBinary:(NSString *)binary{
    int ll = 0 ;
    int temp = 0 ;
    for (int i = 0; i < binary.length; i ++){
        temp = [[binary substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)] intValue];
        temp = temp * powf(2, binary.length - i - 1);
        ll += temp;
    }

    NSString * result = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",ll];
    return result;
}
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16進制和2進制互轉

- (NSString *)getBinaryByhex:(NSString *)hex binary:(NSString *)binary{
    NSMutableDictionary *hexDic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    [hexDic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:16];
    [hexDic setObject:@"0000" forKey:@"0"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"0001" forKey:@"1"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"0010" forKey:@"2"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"0011" forKey:@"3"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"0100" forKey:@"4"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"0101" forKey:@"5"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"0110" forKey:@"6"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"0111" forKey:@"7"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"1000" forKey:@"8"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"1001" forKey:@"9"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"1010" forKey:@"a"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"1011" forKey:@"b"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"1100" forKey:@"c"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"1101" forKey:@"d"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"1110" forKey:@"e"];
    [hexDic setObject:@"1111" forKey:@"f"];

    NSMutableString *binaryString=[[NSMutableString alloc] init];
    if (hex.length) {
        for (int i=0; i<[hex length]; i++) {
            NSRange rage;
            rage.length = 1;
            rage.location = i;
            NSString *key = [hex substringWithRange:rage];
            [binaryString appendString:hexDic[key]];
        }
    }else{
        for (int i=0; i<binary.length; i+=4) {
            NSString *subStr = [binary substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 4)];
            int index = 0;
            for (NSString *str in hexDic.allValues) {
                index ++;
                if ([subStr isEqualToString:str]) {
                    [binaryString appendString:hexDic.allKeys[index-1]];
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return binaryString;
}
複製代碼

有了這幾種轉換函數,完成上面的功能就容易多了,具體怎麼操做這裏就不寫一一出來了。但總感受怪怪的,這麼一個小功能怎麼要寫這麼一大堆代碼,固然還能夠用C語言的方法去解決。這裏主要是爲了展現iOS中數據如何轉換,C語言的實現方法這裏就不寫了,有興趣的同窗能夠研究下。編碼

附帶兩個函數

int轉NSDataspa

- (NSData *) setId:(int)Id {
    //用4個字節接收
    Byte bytes[4];
    bytes[0] = (Byte)(Id>>24);
    bytes[1] = (Byte)(Id>>16);
    bytes[2] = (Byte)(Id>>8);
    bytes[3] = (Byte)(Id);
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:4];
}
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NSData轉int 接受到的數據0x00000a0122

//4字節表示的int
NSData *intData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(2, 4)];
int value = CFSwapInt32BigToHost(*(int*)([intData bytes]));//655650
//2字節表示的int
NSData *intData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(4, 2)];
int value = CFSwapInt16BigToHost(*(int*)([intData bytes]));//290
//1字節表示的int
char *bs = (unsigned char *)[[data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(5, 1) ] bytes];
int value = *bs;//34
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//補充內容,由於沒有三個字節轉int的方法,這裏補充一個通用方法
- (unsigned)parseIntFromData:(NSData *)data{
    NSString *dataDescription = [data description];
    NSString *dataAsString = [dataDescription substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(1, [dataDescription length]-2)];
    unsigned intData = 0;
    NSScanner *scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:dataAsString];
    [scanner scanHexInt:&intData];
    return intData;
}
複製代碼

這兩個轉換在某些場景下使用頻率也是挺高的,藍牙裏面的數據轉換基本也就這麼多了,但願可以幫助你們。 更多關於字節編碼的問題,你們能夠點這裏:傳送門

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