1、先後端分離思想css
2、後端 Springboot前端
3、前端 Vue + ElementUI + Vue router + Vuex + axios + webpackvue
4、先後端分離項目中集成shironode
5、部署項目webpack
本文總結自實習中對項目的重構。原先項目採用Springboot+freemarker模版,開發過程當中以爲前端邏輯寫的實在噁心,後端Controller層還必須返回Freemarker模版的ModelAndView,逐漸有了先後端分離的想法,因爲以前,沒有接觸過,主要參考的仍是網上的一些博客教程等,初步完成了先後端分離,在此記錄以備查閱。ios
1、先後端分離思想前端從後端剝離,造成一個前端工程,前端只利用Json來和後端進行交互,後端不返回頁面,只返回Json數據。先後端之間徹底經過public API約定。nginx
2、後端 SpringbootSpringboot就再也不贅述了,Controller層返回Json數據。git
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody public JSONResult addClient(@RequestBody String param) { JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(param); String task = jsonObject.getString("task"); List<Object> list = jsonObject.getJSONArray("attributes"); List<String> attrList = new LinkedList(list); Client client = JSON.parseObject(jsonObject.getJSONObject("client").toJSONString(),new TypeReference<Client>(){}); clientService.addClient(client, task, attrList); return JSONResult.ok(); }
Post請求使用@RequestBody參數接收。github
3、前端 Vue + ElementUI + Vue router + Vuex + axios + webpack主要參考:web
https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/
https://github.com/PanJiaChen/vue-admin-template/blob/master/README-zh.md
https://github.com/PanJiaChen/vue-element-admin
這裏主要說一下開發工程中遇到的問題:
1.跨域
因爲開發中前端工程使用webpack啓了一個服務,因此先後端並不在一個端口下,必然涉及到跨域:
XMLHttpRequest會遵照同源策略(same-origin policy). 也即腳本只能訪問相同協議/相同主機名/相同端口的資源, 若是要突破這個限制, 那就是所謂的跨域, 此時須要遵照CORS(Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)機制。
解決跨域分兩種:
一、server端是本身開發的,這樣能夠在在後端增長一個攔截器
@Component public class CommonIntercepter implements HandlerInterceptor { private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { //容許跨域,不能放在postHandle內 response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"); if (request.getMethod().equals("OPTIONS")) { response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,HEAD,POST,PUT,DELETE,TRACE,OPTIONS,PATCH"); response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Accept, Authorization"); } return true; } }
response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
主要就是在Response Header中增長 "Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *"
if (request.getMethod().equals("OPTIONS")) { response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,HEAD,POST,PUT,DELETE,TRACE,OPTIONS,PATCH"); response.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Accept, Authorization"); }
因爲咱們在先後端分離中集成了shiro,所以須要在headers中自定義一個'Authorization'字段,此時普通的GET、POST等請求會變成preflighted request,即在GET、POST請求以前會預先發一個OPTIONS請求,這個後面再說。
二、server端不是本身開發的,能夠在前端加proxyTable。
不過這個只能在開發的時候用,後續部署,能夠把前端項目做爲靜態資源放到後端,這樣就不存在跨域(因爲項目須要,我如今是這麼作的,根據網上博客介紹,可使用nginx,具體怎麼作能夠在網上搜一下)。
遇到了網上不少人說的,proxyTable不管如何修改,都沒效果的現象。
一、(很是重要)確保proxyTable配置的地址能訪問,由於若是不能訪問,在瀏覽器F12調試的時候看到的依然會是提示404。
而且注意,在F12看到的js提示錯誤的域名,是js寫的那個域名,並非代理後的域名。(l樓主就遇到這個問題,後端地址缺乏了查詢參數,代理設置爲後端地址,然而F12看到的錯誤依然仍是本地的域名,並非代理後的域名)
二、就是要手動再執行一次npm run dev
4、先後端分離項目中集成shiro能夠參考:
blog.csdn.net/u013615903/article/details/78781166
這裏說一下實際開發集成過程當中遇到的問題:
一、OPTIONS請求不帶'Authorization'請求頭字段:
先後端分離項目中,因爲跨域,會致使複雜請求,即會發送preflighted request,這樣會致使在GET/POST等請求以前會先發一個OPTIONS請求,但OPTIONS請求並不帶shiro的'Authorization'字段(shiro的Session),即OPTIONS請求不能經過shiro驗證,會返回未認證的信息。
解決方法:給shiro增長一個過濾器,過濾OPTIONS請求
public class CORSAuthenticationFilter extends FormAuthenticationFilter { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CORSAuthenticationFilter.class); public CORSAuthenticationFilter() { super(); } @Override public boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) { //Always return true if the request's method is OPTIONSif (request instanceof HttpServletRequest) { if (((HttpServletRequest) request).getMethod().toUpperCase().equals("OPTIONS")) { return true; } } return super.isAccessAllowed(request, response, mappedValue); } @Override protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse)response; res.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"); res.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK); res.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); PrintWriter writer = res.getWriter(); Map<String, Object> map= new HashMap<>(); map.put("code", 702); map.put("msg", "未登陸"); writer.write(JSON.toJSONString(map)); writer.close(); return false; } }
貼一下個人config文件:
@Configuration public class ShiroConfig { @Bean public Realm realm() { return new DDRealm(); } @Bean public CacheManager cacheManager() { return new MemoryConstrainedCacheManager(); } /** * cookie對象; * rememberMeCookie()方法是設置Cookie的生成模版,好比cookie的name,cookie的有效時間等等。 * @return */ @Bean public SimpleCookie rememberMeCookie(){ //System.out.println("ShiroConfiguration.rememberMeCookie()"); //這個參數是cookie的名稱,對應前端的checkbox的name = rememberMe SimpleCookie simpleCookie = new SimpleCookie("rememberMe"); //<!-- 記住我cookie生效時間30天 ,單位秒;--> simpleCookie.setMaxAge(259200); return simpleCookie; } /** * cookie管理對象; * rememberMeManager()方法是生成rememberMe管理器,並且要將這個rememberMe管理器設置到securityManager中 * @return */ @Bean public CookieRememberMeManager rememberMeManager(){ //System.out.println("ShiroConfiguration.rememberMeManager()"); CookieRememberMeManager cookieRememberMeManager = new CookieRememberMeManager(); cookieRememberMeManager.setCookie(rememberMeCookie()); //rememberMe cookie加密的密鑰 建議每一個項目都不同 默認AES算法 密鑰長度(128 256 512 位) cookieRememberMeManager.setCipherKey(Base64.decode("2AvVhdsgUs0FSA3SDFAdag==")); return cookieRememberMeManager; } @Bean public SecurityManager securityManager() { DefaultWebSecurityManager sm = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(); sm.setRealm(realm()); sm.setCacheManager(cacheManager()); //注入記住我管理器 sm.setRememberMeManager(rememberMeManager()); //注入自定義sessionManager sm.setSessionManager(sessionManager()); return sm; } //自定義sessionManager @Bean public SessionManager sessionManager() { return new CustomSessionManager(); } public CORSAuthenticationFilter corsAuthenticationFilter(){ return new CORSAuthenticationFilter(); } @Bean(name = "shiroFilter") public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager) { ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilter = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean(); shiroFilter.setSecurityManager(securityManager); //SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager); Map<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(); //配置不會被攔截的連接,順序判斷 filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/", "anon"); filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/static/js/**", "anon"); filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/static/css/**", "anon"); filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/static/fonts/**", "anon"); filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/login/**", "anon"); filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/corp/call_back/receive", "anon"); //authc:全部url必須經過認證才能訪問,anon:全部url均可以匿名訪問 filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "corsAuthenticationFilter"); shiroFilter.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap); //自定義過濾器 Map<String, Filter> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(); filterMap.put("corsAuthenticationFilter", corsAuthenticationFilter()); shiroFilter.setFilters(filterMap); return shiroFilter; } /** * Shiro生命週期處理器 * @return */ @Bean public LifecycleBeanPostProcessor lifecycleBeanPostProcessor() { return new LifecycleBeanPostProcessor(); } /** * 開啓Shiro的註解(如@RequiresRoles,@RequiresPermissions),需藉助SpringAOP掃描使用Shiro註解的類,並在必要時進行安全邏輯驗證 * 配置如下兩個bean(DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator(可選)和AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor)便可實現此功能 * @return */ @Bean @DependsOn({"lifecycleBeanPostProcessor"}) public DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator advisorAutoProxyCreator() { DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator advisorAutoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator(); advisorAutoProxyCreator.setProxyTargetClass(true); return advisorAutoProxyCreator; } @Bean public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(SecurityManager securityManager) { AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(); authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager); return authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor; } }
二、設置session失效時間
shiro session默認失效時間是30min,咱們在自定義的sessionManager的構造函數中設置失效時間爲其餘值
public class CustomSessionManager extends DefaultWebSessionManager { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomSessionManager.class); private static final String AUTHORIZATION = "Authorization"; private static final String REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_SOURCE = "Stateless request"; public CustomSessionManager() { super(); setGlobalSessionTimeout(DEFAULT_GLOBAL_SESSION_TIMEOUT * 48); } @Override protected Serializable getSessionId(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) { String sessionId = WebUtils.toHttp(request).getHeader(AUTHORIZATION);//若是請求頭中有 Authorization 則其值爲sessionId if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(sessionId)) { request.setAttribute(ShiroHttpServletRequest.REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_SOURCE, REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_SOURCE); request.setAttribute(ShiroHttpServletRequest.REFERENCED_SESSION_ID, sessionId); request.setAttribute(ShiroHttpServletRequest.REFERENCED_SESSION_ID_IS_VALID, Boolean.TRUE); return sessionId; } else { //不然按默認規則從cookie取sessionId return super.getSessionId(request, response); } } }5、部署項目
前端項目部署主要分兩種方法:
1.將前端項目打包(npm run build)成靜態資源文件,放入後端,一塊兒打包。後端寫一個Controller返回前端界面(我使用Vue開發的是單頁面應用),可是這樣其實又將先後端耦合在一塊兒了,不過起碼作到先後端分離開發,方便開發的目的已經達成,也初步達成了要求,因爲項目的須要,我是這樣作的,而且免去了跨域問題。
@RequestMapping(value = {"/", "/index"}, method = RequestMethod.GET) public String index() { return "/index"; }
2.將前端工程另啓一個服務(tomcat,nginx,nodejs),這樣有跨域的問題。
說一下我遇到的問題:
一、nginx反向代理,致使當訪問無權限的頁面時,shiro 302到unauth的controller,訪問的地址是https,重定向地址是http,致使了沒法訪問。
不使用shiro的 shiroFilter.setLoginUrl("/unauth");
當頁面無權限訪問時,咱們在過濾器裏直接返回錯誤信息,不利用shiro自帶的跳轉。看過濾器中的onAccessDenied函數
public class CORSAuthenticationFilter extends FormAuthenticationFilter { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CORSAuthenticationFilter.class); public CORSAuthenticationFilter() { super(); } @Override public boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) { //Always return true if the request's method is OPTIONS if (request instanceof HttpServletRequest) { if (((HttpServletRequest) request).getMethod().toUpperCase().equals("OPTIONS")) { return true; } } return super.isAccessAllowed(request, response, mappedValue); } @Override protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse)response; res.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*"); res.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK); res.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); PrintWriter writer = res.getWriter(); Map<String, Object> map= new HashMap<>(); map.put("code", 702); map.put("msg", "未登陸"); writer.write(JSON.toJSONString(map)); writer.close(); return false; } }
先記錄這麼多,有不對的地方,歡迎指出!
正文結束