Oracle12C中scott帳戶與表問題

    安裝了12c版本，發現沒有scott用戶和11g自帶的emp，dept等等的表。因而嘗試解鎖用戶，發現用戶不存在。

SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
alter user scott account unlock
           *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01918: user 'SCOTT' does not exist

    手動建立用戶，出錯，和11g不太同樣：

SQL> create user scott identified by oracle;
create user scott identified by oracle
            *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name

    緣由和pdb，cdb有關。Oracle 12C引入了CDB與PDB的新特性，在ORACLE 12C數據庫引入的多租用戶環境（Multitenant Environment）中，容許一個數據庫容器（CDB）承載多個可插拔數據庫（PDB）。CDB全稱爲Container Database，中文翻譯爲數據庫容器，PDB全稱爲Pluggable Database，便可插拔數據庫。在ORACLE 12C以前，實例與數據庫是一對一或多對一關係（RAC）：即一個實例只能與一個數據庫相關聯，數據庫能夠被多個實例所加載。而實例與數據庫不多是一對多的關係。當進入ORACLE 12C後，實例與數據庫能夠是一對多的關係。下面是官方文檔關於CDB與PDB的關係圖。

查看錯誤ORA--65096：（oracle自帶錯誤查找工具：!oerr ora 65096[錯誤代碼]）

    特別注意：

    該工具位於$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oerr
    該工具所調用的錯誤信息列表文件爲 $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msg
    該工具不可用於windows上，經測試，9i,10g,11g,12c都有此工具。

SQL>  !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000, "invalid common user or role name"
// *Cause:  An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name
//          that wass not valid for common users or roles.  In addition to 
//          the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role 
//          names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII 
//          characters.
// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.
//

在CDB中用戶得以C##開頭。

建立scott用戶和表的sql文件在oracle的安裝目錄下：

    D:\app\oracle\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1\RDBMS\ADMIN\utlsampl.sql

複製一個副本到當前目錄，重命名爲create.sql

修改create.sql:

主要是將scott用戶相關的語句改成c##scott，刪除最後的EXIT，修改完的scott.sql以下：

create.sql:

SET TERMOUT OFF
SET ECHO OFF
 
DROP USER C##SCOTT CASCADE;
 
create user c##scott identified by tiger;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to c##scott container=all;
alter user c##scott default tablespace users;
alter user c##scott temporary tablespace temp;
 
CONNECT C##SCOTT/tiger
 
CREATE TABLE DEPT
       (DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY,
    DNAME VARCHAR2(14) ,
    LOC VARCHAR2(13) ) ;
CREATE TABLE EMP
       (EMPNO NUMBER(4) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY,
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
    JOB VARCHAR2(9),
    MGR NUMBER(4),
    HIREDATE DATE,
    SAL NUMBER(7,2),
    COMM NUMBER(7,2),
    DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT FK_DEPTNO REFERENCES DEPT);
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (30,'SALES','CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES
    (40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,to_date('17-12-1980','dd-mm-yyyy'),800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('20-2-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('22-2-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,to_date('2-4-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('28-9-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,to_date('1-5-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,to_date('9-6-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,to_date('13-JUL-87','dd-mm-rr')-85,3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,to_date('17-11-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('8-9-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,to_date('13-JUL-87', 'dd-mm-rr')-51,1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,to_date('3-12-1981','dd-mm-yyyy'),3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES
(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,to_date('23-1-1982','dd-mm-yyyy'),1300,NULL,10);
CREATE TABLE BONUS
    (
    ENAME VARCHAR2(10)    ,
    JOB VARCHAR2(9)  ,
    SAL NUMBER,
    COMM NUMBER
    ) ;
CREATE TABLE SALGRADE
      ( GRADE NUMBER,
    LOSAL NUMBER,
    HISAL NUMBER );
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (1,700,1200);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (2,1201,1400);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (3,1401,2000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (4,2001,3000);
INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (5,3001,9999);
COMMIT;

測試：

sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> @d:\create.sql;
SQL> conn c##scott/tiger

SQL> select table_name from user_tables;
 
SQL> select * from SALGRADE;

scott用戶和表建立完成。