今天在作一個小程序的API請求，發現直接經過微信小程序請求是能夠返回數據的，可是把數據發送給PHP，有cURL來請求就發生http請求出現400錯誤。檢查了老半天，沒發現錯誤而後就把cURL從新寫了一邊也仍是沒有生效。後面查找資料發現一篇文章說明這個問題，是請求參數編碼格式不正確致使的，漢字須要轉碼成URL編碼，才能正常訪問。下面是這篇文章的內容。php
摘要: 當http請求出現400錯誤時，通常是http請求無效(bad request)，url參數編碼格式不正確致使。而url是有必定格式要求的，通常只能使用英文字母、阿拉伯數字和一些特殊字符，其餘字符如空格和雙引號須要通過編碼後才能用戶url。 1.在瀏覽器中直接訪問時瀏覽器會自動進行編碼處理 2.可是在程序中直接調用時則須要事先對url進行編碼，如php使用curl_exec調用時須要對空格等非法字符進行編碼。 3.特別是針對url參數中包含json數據值須要多加註意。html
背景json
現象一-php封裝的http請求接口調用url小程序
1.response的rawheader值顯示400錯誤微信小程序
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HTTP/1.1 400 Unknown VersionServer: Tengine/2.0.3Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2016 07:38:15 GMTContent-Length: 0Connection: keep-alive瀏覽器
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2.本身封裝的發送http請求接口服務器
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/**
* 發送httpful get請求
* @param [array] $params [description]
* @return [object] [description]
*/public function sendGetRequest($serverUrl,$params){ try{
$str_params = ''; foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
$str_params .= "&$key=".$value;
}
$response = \Httpful\Request::get($serverUrl.$str_params)->send(); return $response->body;
}catch(Execption $e){ return array("statuscode"=>'-1',"message"=>'服務器出錯了');
}
}
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3.Request.php封裝的Request對象的send方法
nategood/httpful中的Request::send方法使用php的curl_exec接口發起http請求。
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/**
* Actually send off the request, and parse the response
* @return string|associative array of parsed results
* @throws ConnectionErrorException when unable to parse or communicate w server
*/public function send(){ if (!$this->hasBeenInitialized()) $this->_curlPrep();
$result = curl_exec($this->_ch); if ($result === false) { if ($curlErrorNumber = curl_errno($this->_ch)) {
$curlErrorString = curl_error($this->_ch); $this->_error($curlErrorString); throw new ConnectionErrorException('Unable to connect: ' . $curlErrorNumber . ' ' . $curlErrorString);
} $this->_error('Unable to connect.'); throw new ConnectionErrorException('Unable to connect.');
}
$info = curl_getinfo($this->_ch); // Remove the "HTTP/1.x 200 Connection established" string and any other headers added by proxy
$proxy_regex = "/HTTP\/1\.[01] 200 Connection established.*?\r\n\r\n/s"; if ($this->hasProxy() && preg_match($proxy_regex, $result)) {
$result = preg_replace($proxy_regex, '', $result);
}
$response = explode("\r\n\r\n", $result, 2 + $info['redirect_count']);
$body = array_pop($response);
$headers = array_pop($response);
curl_close($this->_ch); return new Response($body, $headers, $this, $info);
}
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4.curl_exec調用前url值
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http://192.168.59.146/api?version=1.0&format=json&appkey=KtSNKxk3&access_token=changyanyun&method=pan.file.export&uid=3062000039000412278&fileId=3aaaa5c8-3eaa-4511-91e7-46831d418f10&fileIndex={"lifecycle":{"auditstatus":"0"},"general":{"source":"UGC","creator":"\u6559\u5e080523","uploader":"gsres_iflytek_f968bca78360d38abcbaf23a5a318b12","extension":"ppt","title":"Unit12 What did you do last weekdend\u8bfe\u65f64\uff081\uff09"},"properties":{"subject":["01"],"edition":["01"],"stage":["010001"],"book":["01010101-001"],"unit":["01"],"course":[""],"unit1":["01"],"unit2":[""],"unit3":[""],"phase":["03"],"type":["0100"],"rrtlevel1":["08"]}}
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現象二-瀏覽器中直接訪問url
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http://192.168.59.146/api?version=1.0&format=json&appkey=KtSNKxk3&access_token=changyanyun&method=pan.file.export&uid=3062000039000412278&fileId=3aaaa5c8-3eaa-4511-91e7-46831d418f10&fileIndex={ %22lifecycle%22:{ %22auditstatus%22:%220%22},%22general%22:{ %22source%22:%22UGC%22,%22creator%22:%22\u6559\u5e080523%22,%22uploader%22:%22gsres_iflytek_f968bca78360d38abcbaf23a5a318b12%22,%22extension%22:%22ppt%22,%22title%22:%22Unit12%20What%20did%20you%20do%20last%20weekdend\u8bfe\u65f64\uff081\uff09%22},%22properties%22:{ %22subject%22:[%2201%22],%22edition%22:[%2201%22],%22stage%22:[%22010001%22],%22book%22:[%2201010101-001%22],%22unit%22:[%2202%22],%22course%22:[%22%22],%22unit1%22:[%2202%22],%22unit2%22:[%22%22],%22unit3%22:[%22%22],%22phase%22:[%2203%22],%22type%22:[%220100%22],%22rrtlevel1%22:[%2208%22]}}
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緣由分析
對比現象一和現象二中的url值，能夠發現：
fileIndex參數值爲json字符串
fileIndex參數值中的title屬性值中的空格字符在現象二中被編碼爲%20,且雙引號"被編碼爲%22，此操做爲瀏覽器自動執行
將url中的空格進行編碼後，curl_exec接口返回200
測試代碼
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<!--?php// 建立一個新cURL資源$ch = curl_init();
$url = 'http://192.168.59.146/api?version=1.0&format=json&appkey=KtSNKxk3&access_token=changyanyun&method=pan.file.export&uid=3062000039000412278&fileId=3aaaa5c8-3eaa-4511-91e7-46831d418f10&fileIndex={"lifecycle":{"auditstatus":"0"},"general":{"source":"UGC","creator":"\u6559\u5e080523","uploader":"gsres_iflytek_f968bca78360d38abcbaf23a5a318b12","extension":"ppt","title":"Unit12 What did you do last weekdend\u8bfe\u65f64\uff081\uff09"},"properties":{"subject":["01"],"edition":["01"],"stage":["010001"],"book":["01010101-001"],"unit":["01"],"course":[""],"unit1":["01"],"unit2":[""],"unit3":[""],"phase":["03"],"type":["0100"],"rrtlevel1":["08"]}}';//對url中的空格進行轉義if(isset($_GET["urlencode"])){
$url = str_replace(" ", '%20', $url);
}
var_dump("url");
var_dump($url);// 設置URL和相應的選項curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);// 抓取URL並把它傳遞給瀏覽器$result = curl_exec($ch);
var_dump("result");
var_dump($result);if ($result === false) { if ($curlErrorNumber = curl_errno($this--->_ch)) {
$curlErrorString = curl_error($this->_ch); $this->_error($curlErrorString); throw new ConnectionErrorException('Unable to connect: ' . $curlErrorNumber . ' ' . $curlErrorString);
} $this->_error('Unable to connect.'); throw new ConnectionErrorException('Unable to connect.');
}
var_dump("ch");
var_dump($ch);
$info = curl_getinfo($ch);
var_dump("info");
var_dump($info);// Remove the "HTTP/1.x 200 Connection established" string and any other headers added by proxy$proxy_regex = "/HTTP\/1\.[01] 200 Connection established.*?\r\n\r\n/s";if (preg_match($proxy_regex, $result)) {
$result = preg_replace($proxy_regex, '', $result);
}
$response = explode("\r\n\r\n", $result, 2 + $info['redirect_count']);
var_dump("response");
var_dump($response);
$body = array_pop($response);
var_dump("body");
var_dump($body);
$headers = array_pop($response);
var_dump("headers");
var_dump($headers);// 關閉cURL資源，而且釋放系統資源curl_close($ch);?>
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百分號編碼(即url編碼)
通常來講，URL只能使用英文字母、阿拉伯數字和某些標點符號，不能使用其餘文字和符號。阮一峯在他的博文中提到，網絡標準RFC 1738作了硬性規定:
"...Only alphanumerics [0-9a-zA-Z], the special characters "$-.+!*'()," [not including the quotes - ed], and reserved characters used for their reserved purposes may be used unencoded within a URL."
"只有字母和數字[0-9a-zA-Z]、一些特殊符號"$-.+!*'(),"[不包括雙引號]、以及某些保留字，才能夠不通過編碼直接用於URL。"
url編碼是特定上下文的統一資源定位符 (URL)的編碼機制,服務器解析http請求時若是遇到非標準字符，會對該非標準字符進行編碼
總結
當http請求出現400錯誤時，通常是http請求無效(bad request)，url參數編碼格式不正確致使。而url是有必定格式要求的，通常只能使用英文字母、阿拉伯數字和一些特殊字符，其餘字符如空格和雙引號須要通過編碼後才能用戶url。
在瀏覽器中直接訪問時瀏覽器會自動進行編碼處理
可是在程序中直接調用時則須要事先對url進行編碼，如php使用curl_exec調用時須要對空格等非法字符進行編碼。
特別是針對url參數中包含json數據值須要多加註意。
轉載源地址：http://www.php.cn/php-ercikaifa-338598.html