Anaconda+django寫出第一個web app（八）

今天來實現網站的登入和登出功能。

首先咱們須要在urls.py中添加路徑，注意此處的路徑和在導航欄中設置的文字路徑保持一致：

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'main' #此處爲了urls的命名空間

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.homepage, name='homepage'),
    path('register/', views.register, name='register'),
    path('logout/', views.logout_request, name='logout_request'),
    path('login/', views.login_request, name='login_request'),
]

在view.py中添加登出和登入的函數，登出的函數很是簡單，只須要使用logout函數登出並給出登出成功的信息，而後導向主頁便可。登入函數須要使用新的表單AuthenticationForm，並判斷用戶是否存在，若是存在則登入並進入主頁，若是不存在則給出錯誤信息：

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Tutorial
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, AuthenticationForm
from django.contrib.auth import login, logout, authenticate
from django.contrib import messages
# Create your views here.
def homepage(request):
    return render(request=request, 
            template_name='main/home.html',
            context={'tutorials':Tutorial.objects.all})

def register(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = UserCreationForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            user = form.save()
            username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')
            messages.success(request, f"New account created: {username}")
            login(request, user)
            return redirect('main:homepage')
        else:
            for msg in form.error_messages:
                messages.error(request, f"{msg}:{form.error_messages[msg]}")

            return render(request=request,
                template_name='main/register.html',
                context={'form':form})

    form = UserCreationForm
    return render(request=request,
            template_name='main/register.html',
            context={'form':form})

def logout_request(request):
    logout(request)
    messages.info(request, f"Logged out successfully!")
    return redirect('main:homepage')

def login_request(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = AuthenticationForm(request=request, data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')
            password = form.cleaned_data.get('password')
            user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
            if user is not None:
                login(request, user)
                messages.info(request, f"You are now logged in as {username}")
                return redirect('main:homepage')
            else:
                messages.error(request, f"Invalid username or passowrd.")
        else:
            messages.error(request, f"Invalid username or passowrd.")


    form = AuthenticationForm
    return render(request=request,
            template_name='main/login.html',
            context={'form':form})

登入登出及信息顯示以下，第二幅圖顯示「You are now logged in as xiaohonghong」，這個就是toast的效果：

 

 

 

與以前的幾節不一樣，我在這裏修改了導航欄的顏色，並添加了container效果，修改方法以下，經過style設置背景顏色，將container加入到div的class中：

  <nav style="background-color: #008E72">
    <div class="nav-wrapper container">

如今使用的註冊表單是materialize默認的，咱們但願註冊的時候能夠加入郵箱這個選項，這樣忘記密碼的時候就能夠經過郵箱來找回密碼，如何自定義註冊表單呢？方法以下，在main文件夾下新建forms.py：

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class NewUserForm(UserCreationForm):
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ("username", "email", "password1", "password2")

    def save(self, commit=True):
        user = super(NewUserForm, self).save(commit=False)
        user.email = self.cleaned_data.get('email')
        if commit:
            user.save()
        return user

而後將views.py中的UserCreationForm修改成NewUserForm便可，在瀏覽器點擊Register獲得以下界面，能夠看到email這同樣出現了：

參考連接：

[1] https://pythonprogramming.net/user-login-logout-django-tutorial/?completed=/messages-django-tutorial/