linux各項縮寫的全稱

bin = BINaries

/dev = DEVices

/etc = ETCetera

/lib = LIBrary

/proc = PROCesses

/sbin = Superuser BINaries

/tmp = TeMPorary

/usr = Unix Shared Resources

/var = VARiable ?

FIFO = First In, First Out

GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader

IFS = Internal Field Seperators

LILO = LInux LOader

MySQL = My是最初做者女兒的名字，SQL = Structured Query Language

PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

PS = Prompt String

Perl = 「Pratical Extraction and Report Language」 = 「Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister」

Python 得名於電視劇Monty Python’s Flying Circus

Tcl = Tool Command Language

Tk = ToolKit

VT = Video Terminal

YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool

apache = 「a patchy」 server

apt = Advanced Packaging Tool

ar = archiver

as = assembler

awk = 「Aho Weiberger and Kernighan」 三個做者的姓的第一個字母

bash = Bourne Again SHell

bc = Basic (Better) Calculator

bg = BackGround

biff = 做者Heidi Stettner在U.C.Berkely養的一條狗,喜歡對郵遞員汪汪叫。

cal = CALendar

cat = CATenate

cd = Change Directory

chgrp = CHange GRouP

chmod = CHange MODe

chown = CHange OWNer

chsh = CHange SHell

cmp = compare

cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture

comm = common

cp = CoPy

cpio = CoPy In and Out

cpp = C Pre Processor

cron = Chronos 希臘文時間

cups = Common Unix Printing System

cvs = Current Version System

daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor

dc = Desk Calculator

dd = Disk Dump

df = Disk Free

diff = DIFFerence

dmesg = diagnostic message

du = Disk Usage

ed = editor

egrep = Extended GREP

elf = Extensible Linking Format

elm = ELectronic Mail

emacs = Editor MACroS

eval = EVALuate

ex = EXtended

exec = EXECute

fd = file descriptors

fg = ForeGround

fgrep = Fixed GREP

fmt = format

fsck = File System ChecK

fstab = FileSystem TABle

fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager

gawk = GNU AWK

gpg = GNU Privacy Guard

groff = GNU troff

hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer

joe = Joe’s Own Editor

ksh = Korn SHell

lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder

lex = LEXical analyser

lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses

ln = LiNk

lpr = Line PRint

ls = list

lsof = LiSt Open Files

m4 = Macro processor Version 4

man = MANual pages

mawk = Mike Brennan’s AWK

mc = Midnight Commander

mkfs = MaKe FileSystem

mknod = MaKe NODe

motd = Message of The Day

mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa

mtab = Mount TABle

mv = MoVe

nano = Nano’s ANOther editor

nawk = New AWK

nl = Number of Lines

nm = names

nohup = No HangUP

nroff = New ROFF

od = Octal Dump

passwd = PASSWorD

pg = pager

pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor

pine = 「Program for Internet News & Email」 = 「Pine is not Elm」

ping = 擬聲 又 = Packet InterNet Grouper

pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability

popd = POP Directory

pr = pre

printf = PRINT Formatted

ps = Processes Status

pty = pseudo tty

pushd = PUSH Directory

pwd = Print Working Directory

rc = runcom = run command, rc仍是plan9的shell

rev = REVerse

rm = ReMove

rn = Read News

roff = RunOFF

rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager

rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote

rxvt = ouR XVT

seamoneky = 我

sed = Stream EDitor

seq = SEQuence

shar = SHell ARchive

slrn = S-Lang rn

ssh = Secure SHell

ssl = Secure Sockets Layer

stty = Set TTY

su = Substitute User

svn = SubVersioN

tar = Tape ARchive

tcsh = TENEX C shell

tee = T (T形水管接口)

telnet = TEminaL over Network

termcap = terminal capability

terminfo = terminal information

tex = τ?χνη的縮寫，希臘文art

tr = traslate

troff = Typesetter new ROFF

tsort = Topological SORT

tty = TeleTypewriter

twm = Tom’s Window Manager

tz = TimeZone

udev = Userspace DEV

ulimit = User’s LIMIT

umask = User’s MASK

uniq = UNIQue

vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient

vim = Vi IMproved

wall = write all

wc = Word Count

wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator

xargs = eXtended ARGuments

xdm = X Display Manager

xlfd = X Logical Font Description

xmms = X Multimedia System

xrdb = X Resources DataBase

xwd = X Window Dump

yacc = yet another compiler compiler

轉自《frankdavejiwei的博客》

這些是補充的：

Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell

su = Switch User

MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

ECMA = European Computer Manufacturers Association

縮寫習慣

無聊和乏味的工做是罪惡

– Eric S. Raymond

構建於圖形界面之上的操做系統，使用鼠標做爲主輸入設備，是否使用縮寫並不重要。好比 Windows 系統中的目錄，幾乎都是全稱…… 點擊

兩次鼠標進入文件夾 pf，並不意味着點擊13次才能進入文件夾 Program Files

而構建於命令行之上的操做系統，如 Linux，只要3個字母以上的單詞，幾乎都要縮寫。例如： cd 命令是 Change Directory 的縮寫。做爲常

用命令，若是使用它的全稱 Change Directory，絕對是無聊和乏味的工做。

最多見的縮寫，取每一個單詞的首字母，如

cd Change Directory

dd Disk Dump

df Disk Free

du Disk Usage

pwd Print Working Directory

ps Processes Status

PS Prompt Stringps

su Substitute User

rc Run Command

Tcl Tool Command Language

cups Common Unix Printing System

apt Advanced Packaging Tool

bg BackGround

ping Packet InterNet Grouper

若是首字母后爲「h」，一般保留

chsh CHange SHell

chmod CHange MODe

chown CHange OWNer

chgrp CHange GRouP

bash Bourne Again SHell

zsh Z SHell

ksh Korn SHell

ssh Secure SHell

遞歸縮寫[3]也屬於這一類，如：

GNU GNU’s Not Unix

PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

RPM RPM Package Manager

WINE WINE Is Not an Emulator

PNG PNG’s Not GIF

nano Nano’s ANOther editor

有些縮寫可能有多種定義，如：

rpm

RPM Package Manager

RedHat Package Manager

bc

Basic Calculator

Better Calculator

這方面 Emacs 可謂獨領風騷：

Emacs

Editor MACroS

Emacs Makes A Computer Slow

Escape Meta Alt Control Shift

Emacs Makers Are Crazy Sickos

Emacs Makes All Computing Simple

Emacs Makefiles Annihilate C-Shells

Emacs Manuals Always Cause Senility

Emacs May Allow Customized Screwups

Emacs Manuals Are Cryptic and Surreal

Eventually Munches All Computer Storage

Eight Megabytes And Constantly Swapping

Elsewhere Maybe All Commands are Simple

Excellent Manuals Are Clearly Suppressed

Emacs May Alienate Clients and Supporters

Except by Middle Aged Computer Scientists

Extended Macros Are Considered Superfluous

Every Mode Accelerates Creation of Software

Each Manual’s Audience is Completely Stupefied

Exceptionally Mediocre Algorithm for Computer Scientists

Easily Maintained with the Assistance of Chemical Solutions

Eradication of Memory Accomplished with Complete Simplicity

若是隻有一個單詞，一般取每一個音節的首字母：

cp CoPy

ln LiNk

ls LiSt

mv MoVe

rm ReMove

對於目錄，一般使用前幾個字母做爲縮寫：

bin BINaries

dev DEVices

etc ETCetera

lib LIBrary

var VARiable

proc PROCesses

sbin Superuser BINaries

tmp TeMPorary

usr Unix Shared Resources

這種縮寫的其它狀況

diff DIFFerences

cal CALendar

cat CATenate

ed EDitor

exec EXECute

tab TABle

regexp REGular EXPression

若是某種縮寫比較深刻人心，例如「mesg」表明「message」，在新的複合縮寫中，將沿用這種縮寫方式

dmesg Diagnostic MESsaGe

sed Stream EDitor

stty Set TTY

fstab FileSystem TABle

passwd PASSWorD

有些縮寫中，第一個字母「g」，表明「GNU」

awk Aho Weiberger and Kernighan

gawk GNU AWK

gpg GNU Privacy Guard

grep GNU Regular Expression Print

egrep Extended GREP

[3] 定義中包含自身縮寫，如 GNU：

GNU’s Not Unix

使用這個定義來解釋定義中的縮寫：

(GNU’s Not Unix)’s Not Unix

這意味着它是能夠無限遞歸的：

(((((GNU’s Not Unix)’s Not Unix)’s Not Unix)’s Not Unix)’s Not Unix)’s Not Unix ……

命令選項，從a到z

Linux 命令的選項繁複龐雜，讓人眼花繚亂。不過這些選項每每具備相對固定的涵義，熟悉了它們，記憶便再也不困難

-a

all : 所有，全部 (ls , lsattr , uname)

archive : 存檔 (cp , rsync)

append : 附加 (tar -A , 7z)

-b

blocksize : 塊大小，帶參數 (du , df)

batch : 批處理模式 (交互模式的程序一般擁有此選項，如 top -b)

-c

commands : 執行命令，帶參數 (bash , ksh , python)

create : 建立 (tar)

-d

debug : 調試

delete : 刪除

directory : 目錄 (ls)

-e

execute : 執行，帶參數 (xterm , perl)

edit : 編輯

exclude : 排除

-f

force : 強制，不經確認(cp , rm ,mv)

file : 文件，帶參數 (tar)

configuration file : 指定配置文件(有些守護進程擁有此選項，如 ssh , lighttpd)

-g

-h

–help : 幫助

human readable : 人性化顯示(ls , du , df)

headers : 頭部

-i

interactive : 交互模式，提示(rm , mv)

include : 包含

-k

keep : 保留

kill

-l

long listing format : 長格式(ls)

list : 列表

load : 讀取 (gcc , emacs)

-m

message : 消息 (cvs)

manual : 手冊 (whereis)

create home : 建立 home 目錄 (usermod , useradd)

-n

number : 行號、編號 (cat , head , tail , pstree , lspci)

no : (useradd , make)

-o

output : 輸出 (cc , sort)

options : 選項 (mount)

-p

port : 端口，帶參數 (不少網絡工具擁有此選項，如 ssh , lftp )

protocol : 協議，帶參數

passwd : 密碼，帶參數

-q

quiet : 靜默

-r

reverse : 反轉

recursive : 遞歸 (cp , rm , chmod -R)

-s

silent : 安靜

size : 大小，帶參數

subject

-t

tag

type : 類型 (mount)

-u

user : 用戶名、UID，帶參數

-v

verbose : 冗長

version : 版本

-w

width : 寬度

warning : 警告

-x

exclude : 排除 (tar , zip)

-y

yes

-z

zip : 啓用壓縮 (bzip , tar , zcat , zip , cvs)